填空题 A. a stranger's less mature type of thinking B. the most complex areas of our cortex C. the immature form of thinking of a very young child D. the meaning of incoming sensory information E. the sights and sounds of the world F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking

填空题Ford 1．Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process—not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market. 2．The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes. 3．The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan "an economic crime", and critics everywhere laughed at Ford. 4．But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford's dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn't matter—except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.

填空题Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation(动力). They have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job. ______ Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.A. At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.B. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living.C. Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one.D. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.E. As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too.F. Some economists are looking for beaer solutions to the poverty problem.

填空题A. Importance of Classroom LearningB. Television-A Rich Source of informationC. Advertisements as important Messages from the Mass MediaD. Various Messages One May Receive Each DayE. Media-Means to Communicate MessagesF. Importance of the Mass Media

填空题A. sports newsB. our decisions and opinionsC. mass communicationD. our messagesE. source of informationF. the mass media

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 The Building of the Pyramids The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid. Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modem buildings. {{U}}(47) {{/U}}. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever. {{U}} (48) {{/U}}. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly cleat picture of them. One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build. {{U}}(50) {{/U}} You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome. A. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin. B. It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramid because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved. C. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. D. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. E. Many people were killed while building the pyramids. F. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.

填空题I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood. (46) . If you don't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime. If you didn't nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. (47) . This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day. You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity—a sport such as bowling, perhaps. (48) . Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good night's rest without taking a pill. If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. (49) . If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours' sleep that night. You will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. (50) . The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.A. The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner.B. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation.C. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill.D. The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour.E. Having difficulty sleeping is a common problem shared by many people.F. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the mornin

填空题A. too much energyB. based on American designsC. they are too costlyD. they are not reliableE. quality controlF. free of charge

填空题The Arctic Ice Is Thawing Father Christmas may have to move his "workshop" from the North Pole because global warming is thawing the ice beneath his feet and his reindeers" feet as well. His "workshop" is in dire straits. The "platform" for the "workshop" is melting, said Stefan Norris of the World Wildlife Fund environmental group"s Arctic Program. An eight-nation report by 250 scientists published recently predicted the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2100 because of a build-up of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, mainly from burning fossil fuels in cars or factories. The North Pole is getting more and more uninhabitable to Father Christmas. 1 Young people learn that Father Christmas" "workshop" produces millions of gifts delivered by him on a flying, reindeer-drawn sleigh (雪橇). Hollywood movies like "The Polar Express" tried to make viewers believe that Father Christmas lives at the North Pole. 2 The "Fortress of Solitude" is near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world. Man Boldt, spokesman of the Danish Ministry of Science, suggested ways to rescue Father Christmas. 3 Another alternative, he argued, would be building some electrical facilities to ensure the ice stays on the North Pole for him. "This should be a subject for the United Nations," he said. "Denmark could build windmills to provide Father Christmas with power." Denmark says Father Christmas" real home is Greenland, which will help, Denmark thinks, to strengthen its position in claiming the sovereignty over the Pole. 4 "Doesn"t he already speak Danish?" Boldt said frostily when asked if Father Christmas would be forced to learn Danish if Denmark won international recognition of its claim to the Pole. Last month"s Arctic report said the region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe, partly because dark ground or water, once uncovered, soaks up more heat than ice or snow. Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland. 5 A. However, Nordic nations all reject it by claiming that their countries are his home. B. Therefore the North Pole is the most attractive place in the world. C. If Denmark"s claim were accepted internationally, it would have the legal right to search for oil and gas at the North Pole. D. One of them would be building a giant floating ice rink for the workshop if the Pole thaws. E. Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi. F. He may have to move from the North Pole within our children"s lifetimes.

填空题Energy specialists may be interested in ______ of hurricanes.

填空题 Electromagnetic Energy 1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy. 2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space. 3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones. 4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water fails to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too. 5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦). 6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy. A. Nuclear reactions as the lasting source of the sun's energy B. The most important source of energy C. Types of electromagnetic energy D. The machines used for energy generation E. Seeking new sources of energy F. The use of ultraviolet radiation in medicine

填空题阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 The paperless office is not a dream, it is a joke. Today more gadgets(小器具) are devoted to spattering more paper with more ink than ever before. At last a Japanese manufacturer of office equipment, Ricoh, is trying to reverse the trend.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}The age of the recycling non-violent shredder may be about to dawn. {{U}} (47) {{/U}}The new machine sprays on a chemical to loosen the toner's grip, applies a little heat and then uses a sticky roller to peel the toner(增色剂) off, Using this technology, a single sheet of paper can be recycled 10 or 20 times, depending on its durability. And as well as eliminating bins full of waste paper, the machine could silence 'the shredder. {{U}}(48) {{/U}}The result would not fool the experts in a forensic(法医) laboratory, but is might well suffice for low-level security. {{U}} (49) {{/U}}The prototype cleans only three pages a minute. Ricoh has yet to show it can make erasing old paper cheaper than buying new. And only the toner is removed: the ma chine cannot wipe out marks made by dot matrix printer or thermal-paper fax machines.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}This means that text or figures produced with a laser printer could be altered, but letterheads and signatures on the same piece of paper would be left intact.A. More work is required.B. Anyone concerned about secrecy could erase his message rather than reduce it to tangles of shredded paper.C. He has developed a machine that takes in printed paper and spits out clean white sheets.D. The new machine can tear paper sheets into pieces.E. Pen strokes and impressions made with ordinary printing presses are also immune.F. Most photocopiers, laser printers and plain-paper fax machines make their marks with toner, which is melted on to the surface of the paper.

填空题The Magic of Sound Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful? Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit, even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 1 The noise from a plane"s engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 2 It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves. In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can"t hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 3 It does no harm to health. Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 4 As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people"s internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people"s vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low, it won"t damage internal organs or a person"s health. 5 When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power. A．High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat. B．The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves. C．We cannot play high pitched music with ordinary musical instruments. D．If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels,it is extremely harmful. E．Dolphins, whales and bats can make such-high frequency sound. F．Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health.

填空题Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to ______.

填空题Local Newspapers in Britain Britain has a large circulation (发行量) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits. Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events—births, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this week"s edition, a news item can be held over until the following week. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest.

填空题A concerned with the problems that we will have to solve in the future B reading books of science fiction C political implication D a recurrent theme E read worldwide F translated into many languages

填空题Conservation or Wasted Effort? The black robin (旅鸫) is one of the world's rarest birds. It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. (46) . Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin. (47) The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a "reserve", for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备) with the robin's food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. Is all this concern a waste of human effort? (48) Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable? In the earth's long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of-success and died out. In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. (49) This is nature's proven method of operation. The rule of selection--"the survival of the fittest"--is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene. We, being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced, may last longer than most. (50) You may take it as another rule that when, at last, human beings show signs of dying out, no other creature will extend a paw (爪) to postpone our departure. On the contrary, we will be hurried out. Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.A Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast (比 ...... 长久) man, for they seem even more adaptable.B These that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.C Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made.D Both represent orders in the classification of life.E Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out?F These are the only black robins left in the world.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Global Warming{{/B}} 1. Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three- quarters of the greenhouse (温室) effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses. 2. This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 3. IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2℃. So the 0.6℃ of warming over the past century would have been 0.8℃ without aerosols. 4. But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher—aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increases by 1.8℃. If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed. 5. As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means “dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change”, the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.

填空题Supermarket Supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. As a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. The supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, 1 . The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. Most supermarkets emphasize price. Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. Other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital. Supermarkets originate in the early 1930s. They were established by independents 2 Supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross mar-gins. Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions 3 : A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. It offers more grocery and non-food items 4 . Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction. Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. They, 5 , offer more groceries and non foods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Save-on. A. by size and assortment B. than a conventional supermarket does C. including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceries D. attracting more customers with their low prices E. primarily in either of two ways F. to compete with grocery chains

填空题A. modifiedB. increasedC. personalizedD. browsedE. distributedF. released