单选题The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruption.

单选题Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches.A. conventionallyB. obviouslyC. especiallyD. clearly

单选题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 {{B}}Easy Learning{{/B}} Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they've also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds -- one that sounds like "oo", another like "ee" and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don't "turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds -- so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.

单选题Physician-assisted Suicide The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect" , a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. " George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension./

单选题Dark Forces Dominate Universe The earth, moon, sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe. Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy, unknown forces that (1) astronomers. Observations in recent years have changed the basic (2) of how the universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and substances that (3) our world. Astronomers now know that luminous (发光的) matter—stars, planets and hot gas—accounts (4) only about 0.4 percent of the universe. Non-luminous components, such as black holes and intergalactic (星系间的) gas, (5) up 3.6 percent. The rest is either dark matter, about 23 percent, or dark energy, about 73 percent. Dark matter, sometimes (6) "cold dark matter." has been known for some time. Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it (7) in the formation of stars, planets and even people. "We (8) our very existence to dark matter, " said physicist Paul Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which (9) not long ago in the journal Science. "Dark matter dominated the structure (10) in the early universe," Steinhardt said. "For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the universe. You can think of ordinary matter (11) a froth (泡沫) of an ocean of dark matter. The dark matter clumps (结成块) and the ordinary matter falls into it. That (12) to the formation of the stars and galaxies (星系)." Without dark matter, "there would be virtually no structures in the universe. " The nature of dark matter is (13) . It cannot be seen or detected directly. Astronomers know it is there because of its (14) on celestial (天体的) objects that can be seen and measured. But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy, a recently (15) power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speed.

单选题They have the capability to complete the task in a week.A. possibilityB. competenceC. courageD. mixture

单选题Your teacher will take your illness into account when marking your exams.

单选题 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study. Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption. The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind. "Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. " However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced". Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color. "Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter," he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness."

单选题Fourteen people were charged with offences including obstruction and resisting arrest.

单选题We came across an old man lying in the road.A. savedB. sawC. facedD. encountered

单选题In the countryside, there were villages with winding brooks and fruitful trees.A. pathsB. roadsC. streamsD. blocks

单选题Goethe often did outdoor skating and swimming.

单选题We ascribe his great success to his intelligence and persistence.A. distributeB. attributeC. contributeD. subject

单选题The procedures were perceived as complex and less {{U}}transparent{{/U}}.

单选题Learn about Light 1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless, tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However, Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them, light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century. 2 ln 1905, Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light. The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles（束）of electromagnetic（电磁）energy called photons（光子）. Today, scientists agree that light has a dual（二重） nature — it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us. 3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day, the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars, flames, flashlights, street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube. 4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because normally light rays travel in a straight line. However, there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection, absorption, interference （干扰）, etc. 5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel（旋转齿轮）between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel, number of wheel’s teeth and distance of the mirror, he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum（真空）,however, the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane. 23. Paragraph 2 ______ 24. Paragraph 3 ______ 25. Paragraph 4 ______ 26. Paragraph 5 ______ A. How is the nature of light explained today? B. What are sources of light? C. How did physicists measure the speed of light? D. How does light travel? E. How did people think of light years ago? F. What causes a shadow? 27. Objects are visible to the human eye as light is ______ 28. Stars, flames, flashlights are some examples of ______ 29. Some instances such as reflection and absorption can change ______ 30. Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment to measure ______ A. sources of light B. the speed of light C. the path of light D. a straight line E. a beam of light F. a form of energy

单选题These programmes are of immense importance to the young students. A. natural B. fatal C. slight D. enormous

单选题The suspect was arrested yesterday and released this morning. A. freed B. relieved C. kicked D. liberated

单选题He longed to be famous and respected.A. hopedB. wantedC. was eagerD. wished

单选题You startled me when you shouted.

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}Mobile Phone and Diseases{{/B}} A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said, But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec(魁北克), said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body. The study at Finland’s Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said. “We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said. Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain’s protective shield against harmful substances. The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said. The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable(能透过的), he said. “Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink—not the blood vessels but the cells themselves—and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass.” he said. Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result. “These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer’s disease. “Where the truth is do not know,” he said. Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.