单选题The cheetah is considered the fastest of all land animals.
单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}
‘I. Q.' stands for Intelligence
Quotient which is a measure of a person's intelligence found by means of an
intelligence test. Before marks gained in such a test can be useful as
information about a person, they must be compared with some standard, or norm.
It is not enough simply to know that a boy of thirteen has scored, say, ninety
marks in a particular test. To know whether he is clever, average or dull, his
marks must be Compared with the average achieved by boys of thirteen in that
test. In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet(1857—1911), devised
the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed. Binet
was asked to find a method of selecting all children in the schools of Paris who
should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for
defectives. The problem brought home to him the need for a atandard of
intelligence, and he hit upon the very simple concept of "mental age".
First of all, he invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of
children of different ages through them. He then found at what age each test was
passed by the average child. For instance, he found that the average child of
seven could count backwards from 20 to 1 and the average child of three could
repeat the sentence: "We are going to have a good time in the country."
Binet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as
a scale against which he could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy
aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine,
Binet held that he was three years below ave rage, and that he had a mental age
of nine. The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through
him, other psychologists, with the required standard. It enabled him to state
scores in intelligence tests in terms of a norm. At first, it was usual to
express the result of a test by the difference between the "mental" and the
"chronological" age. Then the boy in the example given would be "three years
retarded". Soon, however, the "mental ratio" was introduced; that is to say, the
ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with a
mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0.75. The mental age
was replaced by the "intelligence quotient" or "I. Q. '. The "I. Q." is the
mental ratio multiplied by 100. For example, a boy of twelve with a mental age
of nine has an "I. Q." of 75. Clearly, since the mental age of the average child
is equal to the chronological age, the average 'I. Q.' is
100.
单选题Sonic Device The other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is blind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus of the University of California at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along the campus, places and impediments (障碍物) in his path seemed to call out their names to him, "library here, library here", "bench here, bench here". Dr. Smith was testing a prototype (样机) navigation system for the blind that announced the surrounding objects through stereo headphones that were mounted to a computer in his back-pack (背包), creating virtual reality landscape (仿真景象). The information came not from some miniature radar but from the signals broadcast by the military's network of global positioning satellites (全球定位卫星). One day, its developers hope, miniaturized (小型化) versions of this navigation device, which now weighs 28 pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliar neighborhoods. "With this system you do not need to know a thing in advance about where you are going," said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University who is working with Dr. Smith to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said, "A blind person could walk down the street and know not just that he was at 80th and Broadway, but what stores are around, and that Zabar's delicatessen (熟食店) was up ahead. This navigation system tells you not just where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically." It lets blind users construct a mental map of new surroundings and learn their way around. The navigation system uses signals from a computerized map to create a "virtual acoustic display (仿真声音显示)". This is a talking map in which large objects seem to announce themselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be the case if the objects were actually making a sound. This allows the blind person to sense immediately his or her distance or direction, and use that information for guidance. While no one knows whether it is because blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing. Those who have tried the system say that they quickly adapt to locating an object through the sounds. "One of the crucial features of this system is that it takes advantage of sensory psychophysics (感官心理物理学)—how the brain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate, " Dr. Oberdor said.
单选题Many people leave their hearing problem untreated because
单选题It is
postulated
that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.
单选题I doubt they"ll be able to help but it"s worth
trying
.
单选题A Phone That Knows You're Busy It's a modern problem: You're too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phone calls so you turn your cellphone off. But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy, you could miss some important calls. If only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you, you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy. A bunch of behavior sensors (传感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you. If built into a phone, the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later. James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system on tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted. The potential "busyness" signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use. The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from "highly interruptible" to "highly not-interruptible". Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors. "It is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important," says Hudson. The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be. Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time, humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers don't care. The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office phones and cellphones. "There is no technological roadblock (障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years," says Hudson.
单选题Lower taxes would {{U}}spur{{/U}} investment and help economic growth.
A. attract
B. spend
C. encourage
D. require
单选题Foreign money can be {{U}}converted{{/U}} into the local currency at this bank.
A altered B. changed
C. bought D. sold
单选题
Age Discrimination By the year
2000 nearly half the workforce in Europe are over 40 and yet throughout Europe
there is a deep ambivalence (犹豫)—if not outright suspicion-towards the
capabilities of older workers. Those over the age of 40
generally take longer to find new employment, but European governments have done
little to protect their employment rights. Only Germany, with incentives to
business to encourage the employment of older people, and France, with the
introduction of legislation making it illegal to use age barriers in
recruitment-or to make employees redundant because of their age done anything
substantive to combat age discrimination. Yet even in these two
countries, there has been no noticeable improvement in the lot of the older
workers; indeed, in France, job advertisements flout (轻视，反对) the law openly by
asking for applicants of a certain age. So, should France and Germany be
tightening up their laws and should the rest of Europe follow suit?
Bill Robbins, a careers consultant said, "Legislation against age
discrimination has been in existence for well over ten year in the U.S. and
Canada, but has had no effect. Employers will always be able to find some
reasons for turning down an older applicant without appearing to break the
law." Ironically, it was governments which played a leading
role in hardening business culture against older workers in the first place. In
the late 1970s, many European countries were extremely concerned about the
levels of youth unemployment, and France, Germany and Belgium even initiated
incentive schemes for businesses to encourage older employees to take early
retirement provided that younger trainees were taken on in their place. As more
and more employees took early retirement, often willingly, a new, youth-oriented
culture permeated business throughout most of Europe-even in those countries
that had taken no active measures to promote it. Demographic
(人口统计学的) trends mean that governments are now anxious to slow down the policy of
early retirement as they realize that they simply do not have the funds to meet
their pension promises. But reversing business attitudes is no easy matter.
Dianah Worman a policy adviser said, "There is a widely held belief that older
people are less adaptable and trainable. This is just not true: research has
shown that differences in capability are as wide within age groups as they are
between them."
单选题They planned to cover 150 miles on the first day of their journey.A. walkB. flyC. reachD. travel
单选题We need to identify the {{U}}potential{{/U}} problems.
单选题Universally, men tend to score higher on certain specialized skills, such as spatial awareness. In the real world, that means they might be better at reading maps or navigating. Women score higher in terms of language development and emotional intelligence. But most experts agree there is no real, important overall difference when it comes to gender and intelligence. What do most expels think of the relationship between gender and intelligence?A. There is a close relationship between gender and intelligence.B. There is no important link between gender and intelligence.C. Gender and intelligence do not relate to each other at all.D. Males are usually more intelligent than females.
单选题
Urban Rainforest On the west
side of the island of Manhattan in New York City, tree by tree, leaf by leaf, a
2,500 square foot sector of the Central African Republic's Dzanga Ndoki
Rainforest has been transported to, or recreated at, the American Museum of
Natural History's new hall of biodiversity. When the hall opens this May,
visitors will visit one of the world's biggest and most accurate reproduction of
one of nature's most threatened creations. To bring the
rainforest to New York, a team of nearly two dozen scientists—the largest
collecting expedition the museum has ever organized for an exhibit—spent five
weeks in the African rainforest collecting soil, plants, and leaves; recording
and documenting species; studying trees; shooting videotape and still photos;
and interviewing local people. "This area has been explored very little," says
Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180
mammals, more than 300 species of birds, hundreds of butterflies, and hundreds
of thousands, if not millions, of organisms. The exhibition may even have
produced a special prize—scientists suspect they have uncovered several new
species. To give the forest a sense of realness, the back wall
of the exhibit is an enormous videoscreen, sounds will come out from hidden
speakers, and plans even call for forest smells. Computer controls will vary the
effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same.
After the team returned to New York, the forest was reproduced with the
help of the computer. Computer Modelling Programmes plotted distances and
special relationships. Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to life.
Plaster trees were made. Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of
the hall. Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling. The light in the
forest—one of the exhibit's cleverest recreations—will seem real. Long tube
lights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a natural effect.
The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally in a
perfect balance—remove one, and the whole is imperfect if not endangered. The
exhibit is proof to the hope that the world's rainforests will never exist
solely as a carefully preserved artifact.
单选题In Britain and many other countries
appraisal
is now a tool of management.
单选题It was
advisable
for you not to mention that.
单选题I'm wotking with a {{U}}guy{{/U}} from London．
单选题He began his talk by giving a {{U}}concise{{/U}} definition of post-modernism.
单选题It took us a long time to Umend/U the house.
单选题She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends. A. Dersisted B. consisted C. resisted D. suggested