单选题The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints (指纹). Losing them could become troublesome. A case 1 online in a letter by Annals of Oncology (肿瘤学) indicates how big a 2 of losing fingerprints is. Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to 3 his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽癌). After three years on the 4 , the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U. S. customs officials 5 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn"t get fingerprints from the man. There were no 6 swirly marks appearing from his index finger. U. S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler, one potential 7 effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. 8 ,no fingerprints. "It is uncertain when fingerprint 9 will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine," Tan points out. So he 10 any physicians who prescribe the drag to provide their patients with a doctor"s 11 pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear. Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn"t raise any red flags. But he"s also now got the explanatory doctor"s note—and won"t leave home 12 it. By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration (美国食品药物管理局), 13 approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider updating its list of side effects 14 with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting (呕吐), stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where 15 it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.

单选题下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}} Technology Transfer in Germany{{/B}} When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

单选题Where Have All the Bees Gone? Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse (瓦解) disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers (养蜂人) across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives (麻疹) since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can't produce seeds or fruits. Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what's causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise (专家的意见) in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out what's contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future. It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. "We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease," he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don't look very healthy. "Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees," Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees' digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies. Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybee's nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. "It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do," he says. If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees' genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the group's genetic diversity. So far scientists haven't determined the role of genetic diversity (差异) in colony collapse, but it's a promising theory, says Evans.

单选题Motion Sickness Living in space looks like lots of fun. You can do certain things in space (like floating around, or pushing huge objects) that you cannot do on earth. But being in space can do things to you, too. If you stay too long in a gravity-free environment, your bones could become weak, and a small spaceship just might annoy you after a while, because space travel could make you seasick! On July 4, 1982, after seven days orbiting the earth, astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly and Henry W. Hartsfield returned home. Although not all of the experiments on board worked properly, the flight basically seemed to be a success except for one "little" thing: early in the flight, astronaut Hartsfield became "seasick". Thomas Mattingly, who is also a jet pilot and is highly resistant to motion sickness on earth, did much better. Mattingly sailed through space with a steady stomach. But no one knows why Hartsfield felt uneasy and Mattingly did not. So far it seems there is no reliable way to predict who will become motion sick in outer space and who will not. In all, at least four astronauts have suffered from space motion sickness. Russian and American scientists are working together to try to understand and solve the motion sickness. Space program officials worry that if so many highly-trained pilots get sick in space, what will happen when civilians start flying in the shuttle? Motion sickness is a disagreeable feeling that comes from the pitching, rolling, swaying, or just the moving of the object you are riding in or on. Symptoms of motion sickness include: dizziness, headache, a sinking feeling in the stomach, and vomiting (呕吐). Why does motion make some people ill? Doctors believe that motion sickness is caused by a disturbance in the inner ear. Our ears do more than give us hearing. A．part of the ears gives us a sense of balance and helps make us aware of whether we are right side up or upside down. If you know that you get carsick or seasick, what can you do? Speak to your doctor. There are certain medicines available that can help stop that uneasy feeling. But many of them can also make you sleepy. Usually they work best taken before you begin feeling ill. Some people also recommend water, ice cubes, mints, or plain toast. But these remedies do not always work for everyone. Perhaps, since motion sickness is such a big problem in outer space, researchers may soon find a way to cure the astronauts—and those of us who stay on earth.

单选题In the situation comedy, a traditional format for television shows, the same characters appear repeatedly in humorous episodes.

单选题阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 {{B}} The Greatest Mystery Of Whales{{/B}} The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them-and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many {{U}}(51) {{/U}} of this. Its front flippers (鳍状肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet. Immense strength is {{U}}(52) {{/U}} into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale's body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated {{U}}(53) {{/U}} 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed (拖) a whaling vessel for seven hours at the {{U}}(54) {{/U}} of eight knots (节). An angry whale will {{U}}(55) {{/U}} a ship. A famous example of this was the fate of whaler Essex, {{U}}(56) {{/U}} was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have {{U}}(57) {{/U}} their plates buckled (使弯曲) in the same way. Sperm whales (抹香鲸) were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them. The greatest {{U}}(58) {{/U}} of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his {{U}}(59) {{/U}} food, the octopus (章鱼). In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the {{U}}(60) {{/U}} is 1,400 pounds, to a square inch. Doing so he will {{U}}(61) {{/U}} underwater long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this: storing up enough {{U}}(62) {{/U}} (all whales are air-breathed) and tolerating the great change in pressure. Just how he does it scientists have not {{U}} (63) {{/U}}. It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special {{U}}(64) {{/U}} of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that {{U}}(65) {{/U}} adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But since you can't bring a live whale into the laboratory, for study, no one knows just how these things work.

单选题Sandre {{U}}came across{{/U}} an important letter yesterday while cleaning the desk.

单选题Of the reptile groups, the snake group was the final one to appear.

单选题The index is the government"s chief gauge of future economic activity.

单选题This doesn't mean that wind and solar, which currently provide less than 1 percent of the world's primary energy, will replace fossil fuels, which provide 82 percent. In fact, while companies like BP and Shell are cutting back on commercial projects in wind and solar, Big Oil is taking a closer look at how they might be used to increase efficiency internally, or to flee up increasingly profitable fossil fuels, like natural gas, for commercial sale. For example. Valero is building windmills to power refineries, and Chevron is using solar power to make steam to extract tough-to-reach oil. When you consider that the top 15 oil and gas companies have a market capitalization of $1.9 trillion, it's clear that these firms themselves have the potential to be major renewable customers. Big oil is thinking of using wind and solarA. to free up fossil fuels for commercial sale.B. to replace fossil fuels for commercial sale.C. to increase efficiency of fossil fuels use.D. to reduce harm to the environment.

单选题The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before," say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (级地的) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate-they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don't have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.

单选题I catch cold now and then .

单选题How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?

单选题A Tale of Scottish Rural Life Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song (1932) was voted" the best Scottish novel of all time" by Scotland's reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland's poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades. The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War t. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it. Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine (女主人公). We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by, her cruel but hard- working father; experience tragedy (her mother's suicide and murder of her twin children) and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man. But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie's long history, in a language that imitates the place's changing patterns of speech and writing. The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from' Chris' point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody elss's business and nothing is ever forgotten; Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris' husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren't responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle. If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead, It is a "Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.

单选题This model embodies many new features.

单选题Science and Truth "FINAGLE" (欺骗) is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always (51) data in an impartial (不偏不倚的) search for truth. In any debate— (52) intelligence, schooling, energy—the phrase "science says" usually disarms opposition. But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a "finagle factor"—a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to (53) desired results. The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould, a Harvard biologist, who has (54) the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton. Morton was famous in his time for analysing the brain (55) of the skulls as a measure of intelligence. He concluded that whites had the largest brains, that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller, and (56) , that whites constitute a superior race. Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the (57) were an example of the finagle at work. He found that Morton's "discovery" was made by leaving out embarrassing data, (58) incorrect procedures, and changing his criteria—again, always in favour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects (59) . But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in (60) work. Some of the leading figures in science are (61) to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out (捏造) to support at least three central statements that he could not prove. And so (62) Laudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer, whose master work, Almagest , summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth as its centre. Recent (63) indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor. All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work. For example, in the artificial sweetener controversy, for example, it is (64) that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe, (65) all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.

单选题Anxiety about financial matter lessened somewhat when, in 1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia's survival. A. descended B. faded C. diminished D. highlighted

单选题Anyone who does not have a free ticket must pay the fee for going in .

单选题This remarkable technology provides far greater clarity than conventional x-ray. A. accuracy B. precision C. degree D. correctness

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} There are some earth phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, some say, is not one of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, and every few 100,000 years undergoes a dramatic polarity reversal —a period when north pole becomes south pole and south pole becomes north pole. But how is the field generated, and why is it so unstable? Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment (沉淀物) core, they have obtained measurements of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short tern, there seems to be an inevitable long-term decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip—a process that takes several hundred thousand years--the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated. The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth's surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years age. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor (陨星) impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the nest contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth's inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.