单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating(散发) from the somato-sensory (耳、目、口等以外的) neocortex (新大脑皮层) ( an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus(海马), which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes(糖尿病，多尿症) suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans (细看，审视，浏览，扫描) and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. "Our study suggests that this impairment (损害、损伤) may contribute to the memory deficits (赤字、不足额) that occur as people age. " Convit says. "And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition. " Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check(阻止、制止), so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

单选题But in the end he approved of our proposal.

单选题Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation. for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S. and Asia.

单选题The tomato juice left a brown stain on the front of my jacket.A. trackB. traceC. spotD. point

单选题He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.

单选题The old lady let her flat to an English couple.

单选题In a world in which hunger remains Uprevalent/U, machines and organizations hold the key to producing more food and distributing it equitably.

单选题Invisibility Ring Scientists can"t yet make an invisibility cloak (斗篷) like the one that Harry Potter uses. But, for the first time, they"ve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves. When a person "sees" an object, his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize these sensations and reconstruct the object"s original shape. So, to make an object invisible, scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise, the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away. Invisibility isn"t possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light, microwaves are a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum (电磁波频谱), which also includes radio waves, infrared light, ultraviolet rays, X rays, and gamma rays. The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light. The scientists" new "invisibility device" is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like a ring. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves (微波) strike the ring, very few bounce off it. Instead, they pass through the ring, which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to their original paths. To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring, it looks as if the waves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So, the ring is effectively invisible. When the researchers put a small copper loop inside the ring, it, too, is nearly invisible. However, the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only for microwaves, not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So, Harry Potter"s invisibility cloak doesn"t have any real competition yet.

单选题After Emily Dickinson retreated from the world at the age of twenty-six, she wrote more than one thousand poems.

单选题 The Teacher's Influence upon the Development of Attitudes Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. "The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance: another is the rise of dictators like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive: in the other it was indirect and accumulative. The Nazis were filled largely with the speeches they heard and the books they read. The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words they respect. Another reason, it is true that pupils often study somewhat deeply a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans. The media which the teacher can develop healthy attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, beliefs and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom, these are a few of the fertile fields for the education of proper emotional reactions. However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. To illustrate, first grade pupils' afraid of policemen will properly alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all day trips. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of the facts.

单选题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 {{B}}Rescue Platform{{/B}} In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from burning skyscrapers. One idea is a platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter. The platform would rise up and down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people trapped in high stories. The idea for the vertical takeoff platform was hatched more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer, David Metreveli, who has since moved to Israel. Metreveli's design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers generates the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more power is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform rises. Moving the platform sideways involves applying differing amounts of power to each propeller. Helicopters are now used in some cases to get people out of burning buildings. Escape baskets slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into. Unfortunately, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building because the ropes from which they hang become unstable beyond a certain length. So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. In the wake of September 11, he has been able to secure enough funding to start building a larger, 4-meter by 4- meter prototype, which he calls the Eaglet.

单选题In Russia today, the younger people are adapting far more readily to the Uturmoil/U of the emerging market system.

单选题Our journey was very slow because the train stopped {{U}}constantly{{/U}} at different village.

单选题What is the president's view on digital cameras and traditional ones?

单选题The thief Uran away/U with two overcoats and a jacket.

单选题A longjourney in cold weather is dreadfully tiring.A. unfortunatelyB. terriblyC. noticeablyD. predictably

单选题During the past ten years there have been {{U}}dramatic{{/U}} changes in the international situation. A.permanent B.powerful C.striking D.practical

单选题Every week the magazine presents the Uprofile/U of a well-known sportspersonality.

单选题 Vocational Education Vocational education refers to education for a particular occupation. Industrialized countries have seen a fall in demand for unskilled workers, and an increase in jobs in the professional, technical, commercial, and administrative sector. Vocational education is traditionally associated with trades and crafts: young people were apprentice to employers for a number of years and learned on the job. Today the focus has shifted from the workplace to secondary and higher education institutions, and from employers' to government provision and finance. Trainees in most occupations combine workplace training with study at a technical or academic institution. In the former Soviet Union, school and work were always strongly linked from primary school. Germany provides nine out of ten young people not entering higher education with vocational training, and training is planned from national down to locate level through joint committees of government representatives, employers, and trade unions. In some countries, skills are being grouped and "job families" created so that individuals can move between jobs with similar technical requirements. In others "competency-based education" is advocated to equip individuals with "transferable" as well as specific skills. In developing countries, where it is traditional for children to work from an early age, only a tiny proportion of students follow a formal vocational program, while the long specialist training of professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and engineers is a costly burden. Training places for technicians, nurses, teachers, and the essential workers are often limited. Worldwide, there is a slow but steady increase in the numbers of women training for occupations of influence in science, technology, law, and business. It is also becoming clear that one course of vocational education is not enough for a life time. Retraining, through continuing education is essential.

单选题The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.