单选题阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 Winners and Losers Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团) and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, Lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure (基础结构); many countries have little to trade hut commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years. In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes. Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U. S. Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin’s regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home. In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.

单选题More Than a Ride to School The National Education Association claims, "The school bus is a mirror of the community. " They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right—sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesl's bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesl's family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus. She says, "It's been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when you're a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important. " Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company. Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy's outstanding record. "You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardy's reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus. " Althouse further adds, "Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come. " Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations. Liesl's mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy's bus to the Octorara School District.

单选题I propose that we discuss this at the next meeting.

单选题阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 {{B}}Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely{{/B}} Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine {{U}}(51) {{/U}}, he will not be able to start it again. For now, such devices {{U}}(52) {{/U}}only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and {{U}}(53) {{/U}} be available to ordinary cars in the UK {{U}}(54) {{/U}}two months. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates {{U}}(55) {{/U}} miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. {{U}}(56) {{/U}}the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine {{U}}(57) {{/U}}restarted. There are even plans for immobilizers {{U}}(58) {{/U}}shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making {{U}}(59) {{/U}}harder for car thieves. "The pattern of vehicles crime has changed," says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part {{U}}(60) {{/U}}the motor insurance industry. He says it would only take him a few minutes to {{U}}(61) {{/U}}a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not {{U}}(62) {{/U}} them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this {{U}}(63) {{/U}} achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner's keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner's keys, which doubles the previous year's figure. Remote-controlled immobilization system would{{U}} (64) {{/U}}a major new obstacle in the criminal's way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the {{U}}(65) {{/U}}expects.

单选题There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt

单选题{{U}}In short{{/U}}, I am going to live there myself.

单选题Our aim was to Uupdate/U the health service and we succeeded.

单选题A Phone That Knows You"re Busy It"s a modern problem: you"re too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phone calls so you turn your cellphone off. But if you don"t remember to turn it back on when you"re less busy, you could miss some important calls. If only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you, you wouldn"t have to turn it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy. A bunch of behavior sensors (传感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if it"s a good time to interrupt you. If built into a phone, the system may decide you"re too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later. James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system on tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted. The potential "busyness" signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use. The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from "highly interruptible" to "highly not-interruptible". Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors. "It is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important," says Hudson. The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be. Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time, humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers don"t care. The first application for Hudson and Fogarty"s system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office phones and cellphones. "There is no technological roadblock (障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years," says Hudson.

单选题Keep on Fighting Turning once again to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these long centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee against invasion, still less against serious raids, could have been given to our people. In the days of Napoleon the same wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven away the blockading (封锁) fleet. There was always the chance, and it is that chance which has excited and befooled (愚弄) the imaginations of many continental tyrants. Many are the tales that are told. We are assured that novel methods will be adopted, and when we see the originality of malice (怨恨), the ingenuity of aggression, which our enemy displays, we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem (战略) and every kind of brutal and treacherous (奸诈的) maneuver (花招). I think that no idea is so outlandish (古怪的) that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching, but at the same time, I hope, with a steady eye. We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exercised. At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. This is the resolve of His Majesty"s government—every man of them. This is the will of parliament and the nation. The British Empire and the French republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength. Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous states have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious (可憎的) apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag (变弱) or fail. We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost might be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated (征服) and starving, then our empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God"s good time, the new world, with its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.

单选题Electronic Spying Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage-spying as a "profession. " These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open-source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc. , a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. straitford, com. Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them. " Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

单选题This valve regulates the flow of water.

单选题Whatever Happens to Old Computers? You have just got a new computer and you are delighted with it. It is doing everything you wanted your new computer to do. But what are you going to do with your old computer? Have you ever wondered what other people do with their old computers? In the past they have often paid high prices for their old computers, but how much do you think these computers are worth now? Few people want to buy a computer that has become out of date or has been replaced by a newer model. Unfortunately, the only thing you can do with a computer that you have had for five or six years is to throw it away with your other garbage! What do many people do when they try to sell their old computers? Foolishly, they take into account its original cost and then reduce the price according to the age of the computer rather like a second-hand car. They are wrong. They forget that new computers are becoming cheaper every day, making old computers almost worthless. In 1985, for example, a good computer cost over US $ 4,000. Ten years later its owner would be lucky to get $ 400. Although old computers are still more useful than old typewriters, you must be careful about buying a second-hand computer. The microchips in a computer may last a long time, but the hard disk will not. It will probably cost more to replace the hard disk with a new one than the computer itself is worth. Moreover, replacing the old processor in a computer is simply not worth the trouble as it will probably be incapable of running newer software. Ultimately, saving and repairing an old computer is like building a car from spare parts. It is far cheaper to buy a new car. One well-known computer magazine recently compiled a list of ten things to do with an old computer. One suggestion was to donate it to charity or give it as one of the small prizes in a competition. The final suggestion was to store it in a safe place and hope that it would become a collector's item in fifteen or twenty years though the article in the magazine admitted that in fifteen or twenty years there may be so many old computers that they will all be worthless. Whatever you decide to do with an old computer will not alter the fact that it will be useless as a piece of technology in several years. The world of computers is quickly changing and eventually all computers will not only be integrated with video telephone and run CD-ROM disks, but will also be able to perform a countless number of tasks which as yet we cannot even imagine. All these uses will require much more advanced and powerful machines that will automatically condemn even the most advanced computer today to the garbage can of the twentieth century.

单选题I am sure to tell you that there's no danger. A. ensure B. assure C. insure D. secure

单选题Sugar Power for Cell Phones Using enzymes commonly found in living cells, a new type of fuel cell produces small amounts of electricity from sugar. If the technology is able to succeed in mass production, you may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone. In fuel cells, chemical reactions generate electrical currents. The process usually relies on precious metals, such as platinum. In living cells, enzymes perform a similar job, breaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy. When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells, they had trouble keeping them active, says Shelley D. Minteer of St Louis University. Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes, there's no mechanism in fuel cells to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade. Minteer and Tamara Klotzbach, also of St Louis University, have now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket. "We tailor these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment" for the enzyme, Minteer says. The polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days. In the new fuel cell, tiny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes. When glucose from a sugary liquid gets into a pocket, the enzyme oxidizes it, releasing electrons and protons. The electrons cross the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode, where they react with oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water. The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electrical current that can generate power. So far, the new fuel cells don't produce much power, but the fact that they work at all is exciting, says Paul Kenis, a chemical engineer at the University of Illinois at Urhana-Champaign. "Just getting it to work," Kenis says, "is a major accomplishment." Sugar-eating fuel cells could be an efficient way to make electricity. Sugar is easy to find. And the new fuel cells that run on it are biodegradable, so the technology wouldn't hurt the environment. The scientists are now trying to use different enzymes that will get more power from sugar. They predict that popular products may be using the new technology in as little as 3 years.

单选题Sauna Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. a fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "svusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. Sauna is goof for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute. A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.

单选题Scott seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the director.

单选题She had a natural courtesy combined with unshakable conviction .

单选题 The Renewable Energy Sources Today petroleum provides around 40% of the world's energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil, but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the world's poor too. "Renewable" refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. China's Three Gorges Dam, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the US's Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of China's entire electricity demand. In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation-quadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the world's entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benign—they can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint, altering climate and lilling sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them. Scotland is building Europe's largest wind farm, which wil power 200,000 homes. The UK's goal is to generate one fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable.

单选题______ they can do to help as is not known.A. whatB. whenC. thatD. where

单选题Germs on Banknotes People in different countries use different types of money: yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, (51) in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing (52) : Germs on the banknotes. Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over 2, 100 years. (53) the turn of the 20th century, some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease. Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop and other researchers compared the germ (54) found on bills of different countries. Vriesekoop is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia. He led the study, which (55) the germ populations found on money gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1, 280 banknotes (56) ; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets, street vendors and cafes, because those businesses often (57) cash. Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria—-no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most—about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not (58) harm. What we call "paper money" usually isn't made (59) paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly cotton Different countries may use different materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his team, such as the American dollar, were made from cotton. (60) were made from polymers. The three currencies with (61) numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos. The other currencies were printed on fabric made mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests (62) germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money and (63) or not we need to be concerned. Vriesekoop is now starting a study that will compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills. Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact (64) : Paper money harbors germs. We should wash our hands after touching it; (65) , you never know where your money's been. Or what's living on it.