填空题Cancer patients may differ in their

填空题Understanding Autism Autism (孤独症) is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear, and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships, communication, and behaviour. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly (费力地) learn normal patterns of speech and communication, and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke. The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic (遗传的) factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several "causes". Most people with mental retardation (智力迟钝的) show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits (欠缺) in certain areas—most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others—and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders, since diagnostic (诊断的) confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques. In general, individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists, piano tuners, painters, farm workers, office workers, computer operators, dishwashers, assembly line workers, or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.

填空题 阅读—下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Caribbean Islands{{/B}} What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山).{{U}} (46) {{/U}} The Caribbean Islands are known by several names.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral. You can see why pirates (海盗) such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters.{{U}} (49) {{/U}} The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}A. But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always painful.B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies.C. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.F. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.

填空题Deciding on the vacation's destination(目的地) with your family can be a difficult task, especially when your choice of place does not interest your children. You might plan to visit Alaska, but your children might want to go to the Bahamas. (46) Eastern cities like Beijing, Seoul and Bangkok are on the list of favorite destinations with children. The holiday can prove to be a fun learning experience because you can see things like the Great Wall and learn about different cultures. (47) However, the problem is that getting permission to enter the country, usually takes some time, so plan your trip well ahead of time to ensure a smooth trip to your chosen destination. European cities have also gained popularity over the years, but a trip might be a little." too expensive. However, the Western Europe country trips generally come with discounts (折扣) and by going to Europe you can experience several different cultures. You can explore the rains of Pompeii (庞贝城的遗迹) and go on a boat ride in Venice, or taste delicious Italian sweets in Florence. (48) This gives them an opportunity to learn about their ancestors. (49) Lying in the sun, playing on the sand and swimming in the deep blue water can be very relaxing, and that's why so many families go there. Because of the white sandy beaches, black mountains and deep red sunsets, the islands are considered by many to be a tourists' dreaming place. (50) It also otters sun, sand and water, along with all kinds of summer and water sports activities from diving to swimming with dolphins. You can also go whale watching. A. Different food, different money and an altogether different way of life can be highly entertaining for you. B. The Caribbean is the next best holiday spot for children. C. Because of movies like Madagascar, children now want to travel to adventurous places. D. Most Western European families enjoy vacations to countries like Italy. E. The best choice is to figure out where your kids want to go this vacation and find a kid-friendly destination. F. Hawaii as a holiday destination is also very popular, and many families go there every year.

填空题Every Dog Has Its Say Kimiko Fukuda, a Japanese girl, always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve. 1 When the dog barks, she glances at a small electronic gadget (装置). The following "human" translation appears on its screen. "Please take me with you." "I realized that"s how he was feeling," said Fukuda. The gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world"s first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it. 2 "Nobody else had thought about it," said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara. "We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understand dogs?" Bowlingual has two parts. 3 The translation is done in the gadget using a database (资料库) containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behaviour research, these noises are divided into six categories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. 2 In this way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda"s house recently, the dog barked a loud "bow wow". This translated as "Don"t come this way". 5 The product will be available in US pet stores this summerfor about US $120. It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog"s emotions when the owner is away. A. Wireless microphone is attached to the dog"s collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner. B. Nobody really knows how a dog feels. C. It was followed by "I"m stronger than you" as the dog growled (嗥叫) and sniffed (嗅) at the visitor. D. More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer. E. Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows. F. Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let, s play", "Look at me" or "Spend more time with me".

填空题The faculty of the university boasts some of the world's ______.

填空题Health Education1. Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2. Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫) :scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people to go receive the immunization.3. Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4. Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resouces, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5. Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.

填空题A. Arguing about the Rights of Animal Is FoolishB. Sympathy to the Animals Should not Be EncouragedC. The Human's View Is FaultfulD. Rights Exist only Wlmin a Social ContractE. Whether Animals Have Rights?F. The Most Elementary Form of Moral Reasoning

填空题Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. (46) . Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. (47) It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people, debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. (48) . People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. (49) . Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. (50) .A. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.B. A man who has never been to school can also be well-educated.C. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.D. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.E. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.F. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}What Makes Me the Weight I Am?{{/B}} There's no easy answer to this question. Your genetic makeup, the physical traits that get passed down to you from your parents, plays a big part in determining your size and weight. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} But if your parents are smaller than average, you may want to rethink that professional basketball career! The same goes for your body type. Have you ever heard someone say a person is "big boned"? It's a way of saying the person has a large frame, or skeleton. Big bones usually weigh more than small bones. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} Like your height or body type, your genes have a lot to say about what your weight will be. But that's only part of the story. Being overweight can run in someone's family, but it may not be because of their genes. {{U}}(48) {{/U}} And even though some kids gain weight more easily than others, when they eat right and exercise, most kids can be a healthy and happy weight that's right for them. It's true — the way you live can change the way you look. How much you weigh is a balance between the calories you eat and the calories you use. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} If you spend your free time watching TV, your body won't use as many calories as it would if you played basketball, skated, or went for a walk. If you are in balance, your weight will stay right for you as you grow. But if you eat more and exercise less, you may become overweight. {{U}}(50) {{/U}}A That's why it's possible for two kids with the same height, but different weights, to both be the right weight.B If you eat more calories than your body needs to use, you will gain too much weight.C Poor eating and exercise habits also run in families and this may be the reason the members of a family are overweight.D However, many overweight people have difficulty reaching their healthy body weight.E On file other hand, if you eat less and exercise more, you may lose weight8.F If both your parents are tall, there is a good chance you'll be tall.

填空题A Biological Clock Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. 1 It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake. Events outside the plant and animal affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the number of hours of daylight. In the short days of winter, its fur becomes white. 2 3 German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration flight twice each year. Birds prevented from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended. Scientists say they are beginning to learn which parts of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain seems to control the timing of some of our actions. 4 Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities. Dr. Moorhead is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours. 5 Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory"s production. A. These cells tell a person when to awaken, when to sleep and when to seek food. B. Inner signals control other biological clocks. C. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. D. It can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. E. The reason why there is a biological clock is not confirmed. F. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.

填空题How to Interview People Interviewing (采访) is one of those skills that you can only get better at. You will never again feel so ill at ease as when you try it for the first time, and probably you"ll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he or she may be too shy to reveal. 6 The rest is instinct, which can all be learned with experience. The basic tools for an interview are paper and two or three well-sharpened pencils. But keep your notebook or paper out of sight until you need it. There"s nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad. 7 Take a while just to chat, judging what sort of person you"re dealing with, getting him or her to trust you. Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can. If you are interviewing a town official, know his voting record. If it"s an actor, know what plays he has been in. 8 Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. 9 Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting, and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen. This doesn"t necessarily mean that it will go well. In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before, and they will get used to the process awkwardly, perhaps not giving you anything that you can use. 10 You will both even begin to enjoy it proof that you aren"t forcing your victim to do something he doesn"t really want to. A. Come back another day; it will go better. B. But at least half of the skill is mechanical. C. As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes, they lack irony. D. You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance. E. This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary. F. Both of you need time to get to know each other.

填空题A parent should de as much as he or she can so as to give his or her child ______.

填空题More Than 8 Hours Sleep—Too much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night"s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night"s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that "it might be a good idea" for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep. For instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing sleep problems than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. "It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they"ll spend a higher percentage of time awake." he said.

填空题 Facts about Stroke 1. Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3.1 minutes, someone dies of one. Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nation's third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer. Stroke is a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States. 2. Stroke is a type of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. It affects the arteries (动脉) leading to and within the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients (营养物) to the brain is either blocked by a clot (凝块) or bursts. When that happens, part of the brain cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, so it starts to die. 3. The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions. If a stroke occurs and blood flow can't reach the region that controls a particular body function, that part of the body won't work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance it's likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction (阻塞) and the extent of brain tissue affected. 4. The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you can't control, such as increasing age, family health history, race, and prior stroke. But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk. Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider's help. Some of these include: high blood pressure, current smoking, heart disease, and high red blood cell count. 5. A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment. In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments. For the treatments to work, the person must get to a hospital immediately.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Pain{{/B}} All of us have felt pain. We have cut ourselves. We have been burned. Or we have had headaches. Some of us suffer pain rarely.{{U}} (46) {{/U}} Pain can take complete control of our body and mind, making it impossible to move and even to think. Yet we need pain. Without it, we would not know if we have hurt ourselves. It is our body's warning system.{{U}} (47) {{/U}} Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor. It is the most common reason we take medicines. Until recently, however, most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better. Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow. The first message is the warning signal. It moves at a speed of 30 meters a second. In less than a second, the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and how badly it is injured.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.A. And others have painful attacks all the time.B. These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord (脊髓) to the brain, and back down again.C. It tells us that we are injured and should do something about it.D. They knew little about the process of pain itself.E. The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.F. And they send the second, slower message of pain to the brain.

填空题Washoe Learned American Sign Language 1．An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American sign language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. 2．Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe"s progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like," Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. 3．However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe"s keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. 4．Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. 5．Debate continues about chimps" understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure— Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.

填空题Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older ruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 rigatonis of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global waning that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Paleocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the super continents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric Volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sculpture dioxide emissions.A. Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsB. Association of Mass Extinction with Volcanic EruptionC. Calculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsD. A Mass ExtinctionE. Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass ExtinctionF. Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions

填空题Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for ______.

填空题Caribbean Islands What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of me Atlantic Ocean, Some of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山) 1 The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. 2 The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea 3 These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral. You can see why pirates (海盗) such as the famous Blackbeard satled these waters. 4 The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year 5 A. But life Oil the Caribbean Islands is not always painful. B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. C. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships. F. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.