填空题Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing? 1 In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers. 2 Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists (文体学家) and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank (智囊团) says the UK's four iconic (标志性职业) jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. 3 Although the country's trade deficit was more than ￡60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry (医药工业)? and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services-accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock'n'roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to he made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of Strength to carry the British economy. 4 However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent). 5 In fact, it might tie better to call Britain a "servant" economy-there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector-in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes.A. Growth of EconomyB. "Servant" EconomyC. Strength of the Creative EconomyD. Weakness of the Creative EconomyE. Gift of talkingF. Export of Talking Machines

填空题Stanford University 1 Stanford University,famous as one of northern California's several institutions of higher learning,is sometimes called "the Harvard of the West. "The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco,a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidectly cosmopolitan flavor. 2 The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford,and many foreign students study here,as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes. 3 Not only because of the high caliber of its students But also Because of the desirable location and climate,Stanford has attracted to its facuhy some of the world's most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch,Dr. Robert Hofstadter,and Dr. William Shockley in physics,Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine,and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksandr SoIzhenistsyn has Been in residence. Stanford's undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business,law, and medicine are especially well-regarded. 4 What is student life like on "The Farm"? Cuhurally, the campus is a magnet for Both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the university's several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater , where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Union's coffee house;here the Beverages and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging. 5 In addition to financial support from alumni,Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic foundations. In recent years,government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At presents Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program,financed in part by the Ford Foundation's 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business,new graduate school of law,new student union,and undergraduate library.A. Colorful life on the campusB. Intelligent student bodyC. School administrationD. Distinguished facultyE. Substantial financial supportF. The Harvard of the West

填空题The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech: It"s a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer. And you don"t have to lug a hand held device along with you for it to work. Logitech"s technology works like this: The pen writes normally, using normal ballpoint pen ink. But while you are writing, a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing, mapping your writing via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this information the movement of your pen on the paper, basically—is then stored digitally inside the pen, whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in the pen"s memory. As far as you are concerned, you are just using a normal pen. It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done, and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad, it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail, a "to do" task, or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downloaded you can view them, print them out or convert them to other formats. The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing, sharing and retrieving handwritten notes, as well as for handling diagrams, pictures and other non-text doodling. You don"t have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just to whip out the pen and the special paper and you are off. It is a great product because it does not force you to work differently—walking around with a screen strapped to your arm, or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to, while the special notepads look and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar. The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx, for example, is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by hand—instead of punching letters into cumbersome devices. Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with it—transferring it wirelessly to a central computer, for example, or via a hand-phone. Doctors could transmit their prescriptions directly to pharmacies, reducing fraud; policemen could send their reports back to the station, reducing paperwork.

填空题A Baby's Growth 1. To describe a baby's growth, the old saying "one thing leads to another" should really read, "one thing leads to an explosion. " The perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up allow appreciation of visual space. The evolution of increasingly efficient reaching also lets the baby appreciate and participate in his three-dimensional world. 2. You may notice that your baby can grab toys with either hand. This is partly because the baby has learned to grasp an object even if it touches his hand lightly or his eyes are averted. By the end of the fourth month, he can probably alternate hands to grab the toys or transfer a toy from one hand to the other. He may even wave it briskly, then transfer it and repeat the waving, shuttling it back and forth between hands. In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby may be becoming aware that he can do the same thing with each arm and that each hand is distinct from the other. This awareness is important to his receiving information about space. The baby also begins to see himself act when he repeatedly reaches for and grasps things. He starts to distinguish himself from the outer world. 3. If you would like another sign of this growth process, try one or Gesell's measures of mental growth, the behavior of a baby before a mirror. According to Gesell. a baby will smile at his image at around twenty weeks of age. Hold your baby up to a mirror and watch him examine the faces there. He will probably attend most to his own image and perhaps smile at it. As his image returns the smile, he may become active and vocalize. He may also look back and forth between your image and you as if the duplication puzzles him. A baby who knows his mother's face cannot understand two of them. Calling softly to your baby, as he looks at your confusing double, complicates matters even further. His turning back to the real you shows that a baby four months old is likely to have the ability of preference in discrimination. 4. An early attachment to one object — a toy or a stuffed animal — is another index of discrimination. as well as self-development, for the baby's interests are going beyond himself. Most babies do not prefer one toy this early, but some will. After exploring each toy. your baby may start reaching and playing with one special one. In the months co come, the toy or anything else the baby identifies with himself by wearing or carrying may become a "lovey". A "lovey" will be slept with, chewed, hugged, loved, and "talked to. " These "loveies" give the baby a way of coping with the necessary separations from the mother. A friendly and familiar toy bear may just make him easier on himself. Rather than feeling threatened, a mother should be flattered by her baby's extension of affection elsewhere. A baby with the heart to find a "lovey" is showing early mental resourcefulness and flexibility.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}} Screen Test{{/B}} 1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimise the technique" for breast cancer screening. 7. "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. "On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme."

填空题As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. ______ I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.A. Yet, despite the competition, my 8 - year - old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.B. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher.C. A revelation came last week when I asked her, " Don't you want to win again? ...'No. " she replied, "I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade. "D. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly "guided" by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.E. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.F. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.

填空题High Dive Chery Stems aims to go boldly where no human has ever gone before in a balloon: 40 kilometers up into the atmosphere. (46) . No one has ever leapt from such a height or gone supersonics without an airplane or a spacecraft. Yet Stems, an airline pilot, is not the only person who wants to be the first to accomplish those feats. Two other brave people, an Australian man and a Frenchman, are also planning to make similar leaps. (47) . First, she'll climb into a cabin hanging from a balloon the size of a football field. Then the balloon will take her high into the stratosphere, the layer of Earth's atmosphere 12 to 50 kilometers above the planet. "The ascent will take two and a half to three hours," said Stems. "I'll be wearing a fully pressurized, temperature-controlled space suit." At 40 kilometers, Stems will be able to see the gentle curve of Earth and the blackness of space over head. Then she'll unclip herself from the cabin and dive headfirst, like a bullet, into the atmosphere. (48) . For high dive, astronaut escape suits are a key to success. Current pilot and astronaut escape suits are guaranteed only a maximum altitude of 21 kilometers. Del Rosso, a NASA engineer of spacesuits and life-support systems, said the suit designed for Stem's jump could serve as a model for the lethal environment of higher climbs. (49) . The first hazard is oxygen-deficient air. Any person without an additional oxygen supply at 40 kilometers would die within three to five seconds. The second hazard is low atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is much lower at high altitudes than it is at sea level. The low atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere causes the gases in body fluids to fizz out of solution like soda bubbles. (50) . Other hazards include temperatures as low as 55 degrees Celsius, flying debris, and solar radiation. For Stems to survive, her spacesuit will have to protect hex from all of these hazards. "A spacesuit is like a one-person spaceship," Del Rosso explained. "You have to take everything you need in a package that's light enough, mobile enough, and tough enough to do the job. You can't exist without it."A. It will handle several major hazards.B. Escape suits are tough enough to stand the atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere.C. From there, she'll take a death-defying leap back to Earth at supersonic speed.D. "In 30 seconds, I'll be going Mach (马赫) speed," said Sterns.E. How will Stems make her giant jump?F. In short, blood boils.

填空题Pregnant Women Warned about ACE Inhibitor Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors (血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂). Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000. Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart. The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost 30,000 births between 1985 and 2000. 209 babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders. ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow off blood, so pressure is reduced. New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study. The FDA says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

填空题 Old Man Myths and Realities 1. When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it's when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命) increases, retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago. 2. Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70 to 75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation. 3. Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc, but that's really about all we know. 4. It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger. A. New Definitions of the Old Man B. Changing Concept of the Old Man C. Health of the Old Man D. Happy Old Man and Sad Old Man E. Limited Knowledge of the Old Man's Experiences F. Contempt for the Old Man

填空题Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a history of heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one. I was three years old at that time. 1 It was there, but I didn"t take it seriously. When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol (胆固醇) level was measured for the first time. It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me—an extremely high level that put me at a very high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to be screened for participation in a clinical trial. 2 At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery (动脉) up to the heart. 3 Learning about the risks of the experiment as well as the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life. For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol. 4 But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick. This was hard to take. This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong, I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family history, it could not be ignored. 5 A. The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured. B. Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate. C. I grew up with heart disease. D. There is not enough oxygen in the blood. E. It was a heart attack just waiting to happen. F. The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.

填空题Pain All of us have felt pain. We have cut ourselves. We have been burned. Or we have had headaches. Some of us suffer pain rarely. 1 Pain can take complete control of our body and mind, making it impossible to move and even to think. Yet we need pain. Without it, we would not know if we have hurt ourselves. It is our body"s warning system. 2 Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor. It is the most common reason we take medicines. Until recently, however, most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains. 3 But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better. Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. 4 Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow. The first message is the warning signal. It moves at a speed of 30 meters a second. In less than a second, the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and how badly it is injured. 5 It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals. A. And others have painful attacks all the time. B. These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord (脊髓) to the brain, and back down again. C. It tells us that we are injured and should do something about it. D. They knew little about the process of pain itself. E The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second. F. And they send the second, slower message of pain to the brain.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 "I smoke for my health," I declared in a newspaper article published in 1979.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. I reasoned that smoking made me cough and thus prevented pneumonia (肺炎); smoking made my heart go faster and eliminated the need for special exercise; smoking restrained my appetite and kept me trim. And then, at 51, I had a heart attack. I knew the risk factors for early heart attacks include hypertension, diabetes(糖尿病), and a family history of heart disease, high blood-cholesterol (胆固醇)levels and smoking.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. Strange how the evidence that linked smoking to heart disease appeared unclear to me, and how the same data now appear overwhelmingly convincing. Why stop now? Smokers who stop after their first heart attack have an 80-percent chance of living ten more years-- {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. As a smoker, I always resented the fact that we smokers received only scorn from non-smokers. How could non-smokers know that smoking was had for the health if there were no smokers to prove it? Being a member of the experimental group, rather than the control group, deserves a certain measure of social appreciation. I've done my time. I' m now ready to be a control. I no longer smoke for my health. My health can' t stand the help. Will I miss the late - night trips to find a store that's still open and selling cigarettes? Will I miss searching through ashtrays(烟灰缸)to find the longest butt(烟蒂) that is still smokable? Only time will tell. Not smoking may give me the time to find out. {{U}} (49) {{/U}}Sure. Here is all you have to do. First, experience a severe crushing pain under your breastbone as you finish a cigarette. Next, have yourself admitted to a coronary-care(心脏康复)unit and be stripped of your clothing and belongings. Finally, remain in the unit at absolute bed rest for four days while smoking is forbidden. This broke my habit{{U}} (50) {{/U}} A. Was it easy to stop? B. if they don't, a 60 percent chance. C. See if it works for you. D. All the smokers find it's hard to stop. E. Since I am a doctor, this advice attracted amused attention. F. The first four were in my favour, but I chose to smoke.

填空题All those who met the little girl were touched by her ______.

填空题Clinical Trials 1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use. Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective, easier to use, and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes, studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population, such as children, in whom the treatment was not previously tested. 2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help. It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments. Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options. Other people participate in trims because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge. 3 The FDA(食品及药物管理局)works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants, some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent (内在的) in medical research studies involving new medical treatments. 4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them. They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective(预期的) participants should understand what happens during the trial, the type of health care they will receive, and any costs to them. Anyone considering a clinical trial should al so know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. A. Why are clinical trials done? B. Where are clinical trials conducted? C. Who should consider clinical trials and why? D. What should people know before participating in a clinical trial? E. What are clinical trials? F. Are clinical trials safe?

填空题Many Benefit from Cancer Organization 1. Do you know a child who survived leukemia? Do you have a mother, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Society's research program. 2. Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take us one step closer to a cure. The American Cancer Society has long recognized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. 3. As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the United States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946, they've invested more than $2.4 billion in research. The investment has paid rich dividends: In 1946, only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis; today 60 percent live longer than five years. 4. Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the country receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Society had more money available for research funding, nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding could be funded each year. 5. You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society Relay for Life, a team event to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer breakthroughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American Cancer Society at 451-4880.

填空题 The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancel. However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of U. S. breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A. Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. B. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. C. Which smoke is called secondhand smoke? D. However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young. E. As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. F. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.

填空题Caribbean Islands What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山). 11 The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. 12 The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. 13 These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral. You can see why pirates (海盗) such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. 14 The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. 15 A. But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise. B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. C. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships. F. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.

填空题A. many vaccines B. prevent diseases C. health education D. healthy behavior E. change unhealthy behavior F. other health services

填空题Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000. Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart. The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders. ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced. New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Stanford University{{/B}}1 Stanford University is sometimes called "the Harvard of the West." The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的) flavor.2 The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.3 Not only because of the high caliber (素质) of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world's most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners in various fields. Stanford's undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded.4 What is student life like on "The Farm"? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the university's several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging.5 In addition to financial support from alumni (校友), Stanford receives grants from the government and from private charities. In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At present Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program, financed in part by the Ford Foundation's 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library.