单选题Did she accept his research proposalA. invitationB. planC. offerD. view

单选题Is the Airbus Back? Whatever else, Airbus cannot be accused of failing to put on a brave face at this week"s Paris Air Show, held every two years. Louis Gallois is the troubled European air-frame-maker"s third chief executive within 12 months. But still he declared: "I can tell you with full confidence that Airbus is back and fully back." Supporting his confident public message was an extraordinary flow of orders and commitments for over 600 aircraft accumulated in time for the show by the firm"s super-salesman, John Leahy. Although it is heading for a second successive loss—last year it plunged 572m ($ 718m) into the red—Airbus is undoubtedly in better shape than it was 12 months ago when wiring problems delayed the A380 and the weak dollar exposed the firm"s bloated cost base. It has begun the "Power8" recovery plan, intended to save 2 billion annually by cutting 10,000 jobs and auctioning off six factories to partners. And the giant A380 will begin commercial service with Singapore Airlines in the autumn, although being two years late. In the contest between the twin-engined wide-body Boeing 787 and the A350 XWB, Mr Gallois struggles to be as positive. The 787 is already a sales phenomenon, with over 630 firm orders even before the plane"s roll-out next month. The airlines are excited by its revolutionary use of a composite material called carbon-reinforced plastic (CRP). Five years behind the 787, which will enter service next year, the A350 contains a similar share of composite material, but is based on a less advanced structural design that involves hanging CRP panels on a titanium frame. Boeing acknowledges that the A350 may be as light as the 787, but argues that it will be a less pleasant plane to fly in and a more difficult one to maintain. Mr Gallois admits that following Boeing"s approach would have been too expensive and risky for Airbus. At the same time Mr Gallois bemoaned the advantage his rival has in government-supported research and development. Boeing, he claims, receives about $800m a year—ten times as much as Airbus. Earlier in the week, during meetings with ministers representing the four Airbus partners (France, Germany, Britain and Spain), he asked them to fund half the company"s planned 600m-a-year investment in research and technology. He is not hopeful. But for the moment what matters most for Airbus is that the market stays strong and that it gets to grips with its costs. This may require going further in imitating Boeing"s risk-sharing partner (RSP) model than Airbus seems willing to contemplate. According to some estimates, about 80% of the work on the 787 is outsourced to RSPs, saving Boeing both precious development time and working capital. What this week has shown is that for all the success of the 787 and the mistakes of Airbus, the competitive duopoly of the past decade is still firmly in place. But will things stay that way? That depends partly on whether Airbus really has learnt its lessons and partly on who else wants to get into the game. Boeing reckons that in 20 years, 36% of the market will be in the Asia-Pacific region. For the time being, the Chinese, the Indians and others are happy to be partners and customers. But that could change.

单选题Customers often {{U}}defer{{/U}} payment for as long as possible.

单选题His shoes were shined to perfection.

单选题The Olympic Games attempt to transcend national interests and bring together the best international athletes in a spirit of friendly competition and peace.A. debateB. celebrationC. instructionD. rivalry

单选题Sharpshooter Annie Oakley performed {{U}}astonishing{{/U}} feats of marksmanship as the star of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show beginning in 1885.

单选题I rarely play basketball.A. normallyB. seldomC. frequentlyD. usually

单选题Columbus discovered America while seeking a trade route to Indi

单选题Exercise Whether or not exercise adds 16 the length of life, it is common experience that a certain 17 of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise 18 involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should 19 merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the 20 of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with 21 of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is 22 vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question 23 to answer. Individual variability is 24 great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise 25 on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will 26 as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be 27 periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The 28 is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion. What type of exercise one should 29 depends upon one"s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate 30 throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.

单选题Influenza Influenza has been with us a long time. According (51) some Greek writers on medical history, the outbreak of 412 B. C. was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through the Greek army (52) Syracuse in 395B.C. Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people (53) in crowded conditions, hence, it is likely to attack armies. During the nineteenth century there were five widespread (54) of influenza. The last of the five (55) in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time. Like the recent outbreak, (56) started in Asia. For more than forty years before that outbreak, influenza had steadily (57) and was believed to be dying out. A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu (58) a constant threat. In April 1918 flu broke out among American troops stationed in France. It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively (59) deaths. Four months later, (60) , a second outbreak started which proved to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also (61) young adults. It went through every country in the world, only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining. (62) . It brought the life of whole countries (63) , food supplies stopped and work loss was very great. Before the great outbreak ended, it (64) at least 15 million people. Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world. It is thus (65) that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.

单选题Young people all over the world are fascinated by science.A. confusedB. inspiredC. frustratedD. attracted

单选题Step Back in Time Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80. One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily. But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits, let's have a look at what life was like 100 years ago. Families had between 15 and 20 children, although many babies didn't live logn. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets (佝偻病) and scurvy (坏血病), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well. Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down. People didn't have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills (窗台板), blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden. Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks (火柴杆) (a job done by many children) or working with your dad by now.

单选题Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.

单选题 Sauna Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Firms have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body's core temperature usually rises 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying "feed a cold, starve a fever". The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute. A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.

单选题Plant Gas Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadn"t regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment. Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that, microbes need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth"s atmosphere and contribute to global warming. In its experiments, Keppler"s team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth"s atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material,such as fallen leaves. With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees ℃ elsius to 70 degrees ℃. At 30 degrees ℃, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled. Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it"s unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That"s another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes. The new finding is an "interesting observation," says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant"s influence, she notes.

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}} The True Historian{{/B}} To be "historically minded" is to see things in relation and in perspective, and to judge tolerantly. We must remember how differently men have thought and acted in different time. We must always keep an open mind, ready to receive and weigh new evidence. If we grasp this idea, we will never think that a historian(历史学家) is someone who can remember dates. That childish idea is like calling a man a statesman (政治家) because be can remember the names of voters in his district. A waiter could remember more names and a telephone operator more numbers than the greatest historian. The true historian is not content to take all his facts from other historians. Today he makes sure his statements are based on sound "documents" or "sources" which go back to the time of the facts themselves. But the historian needs always to be in his guard not to be misled by his sources. A document may not be a real one. Its author may be lying on purpose for some reason. He may be so greatly influenced by national, religious, party, or personal backgrounds as to be totally unfair to the other side. If honest, he may be misinformed as to the facts and mistaken in his inferences. Anyone who reads the accounts published in the different countries concerning the causes and results of wars will realize that the historian needs caution and training in handling these sources. The trained historian asks first: "Did this writer mean to tell the truth?" and second: "Was he in a position or frame of mind to tell the truth even if he wants to?" Every statement must be patiently weighed and tested and combined with all other available information in order to get at the truth.

单选题 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空自给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 In the 1950's accumulating scientific evidence linking cigarette smoking and lung cancer made a{{U}} (51) {{/U}}impact{{U}} (52) {{/U}}the smoking public. During this period many health agencies declared smoking to be a{{U}} (53) {{/U}}Hazard. US Surgeon General Leroy E. Brunei said in 1957: "The weigh of the evidence is increasingly pointing to one direction: that{{U}} (54) {{/U}}smoking is one of the causative factors in lung cancer." The initial reports had the heaviest impact, so{{U}} (55) {{/U}}total cigarette production dropped in 1953 and again in 1954.{{U}} (56) {{/U}}reports appeared to have less{{U}} (57) {{/U}}on smoking habits, and by 1957 cigarette production had{{U}} (58) {{/U}}above the 1952 level. {{U}} (59) {{/U}}four voluntary health organizations urgued president John F. Kennedy to{{U}} (60) {{/U}}a commission to study the widespread implications of the tobacco problem, the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health was{{U}} (61) {{/U}}in 1962 to review and evaluate all{{U}} (62) {{/U}}scientific data. When its report, Smoking and Health, was released in early 1964, cigarette consumption again declined{{U}} (63) {{/U}}. Pipe and cigar smoking increased. More than 350, 000 copies of the report were contributed and sold.{{U}} (64) {{/U}}abstracts and pamphlets were prepared by the Public Health Service and other organizations{{U}} (65) {{/U}}a massive educational campaign on the hazards of cigarette smoking.

单选题A fundamental premise of a free-enterprise economic system is that all small businesses face difficult competition. A. confront B. mock C. lose D. appreciate

单选题She was dressed in a plain brown blouse.A. commonB. simpleC. dullD. pretty

单选题There may be a good reason why some people are not able to stop smoking cigarettes. A new study found that people who suffer from depression were two times as likely to fail when they tried to stop smoking. Alexander Glassman presented the findings recently during the yearly meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Doctor Glassman is the director of an antismoking center at Columbia University in New York City. His study examined 100 smokers who have a history of depression. People with depression suffer periods of extreme sadness. The researchers studied people who have succeeded and those who have failed in their efforts to stop smoking. The study found that people who did stop smoking were two times as likely to suffer from depression again within six months as those who continued to smoke. Doctor Glassman says smokers who are depressed use tobacco to make themselves feel better. But, he says people with depression seem to have a much harder time stopping than non-depressed smokers. So, drugs to fight depression are now also being used to help people stop smoking. Doctors say the most effective one is called Buproprion. Buproprion mainly affects the brain chemical dopamine(多巴胺). nicotine(尼古丁) is a substance in tobacco that also affects dopamine. Buproprion helps people stop smoking because it eases the body's desire for nicotine. Doctor Glassman says the drug does not make people stop smoking. But it makes it easier for those who want to stop.