单选题We"ve seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.

单选题Phobia Phobia is intense and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. Because of this intense and persistent fear, the phobic person often leads a constricted life. The anxiety is typically out of proportion to the real situation, and the victim is fully aware that the fear is irrational. Phobic anxiety is distinguishable from other forms of anxiety only in that it occurs specifically in relation to a certain object or situation. This anxiety is characterized by physiological symptoms such as a rapid, pounding heartbeat, stomach disorders, nausea, diarrhea, frequent urination, and choking feelings, flushing of the face, perspiration, tremulousness, and faintness. Some phobic people are able to confront their fears. More commonly, however, they avoid the situation or object that causes the fear—an avoidance that impairs the sufferer's freedom. Psychiatrists recognize three major types of phobias. Simple phobias are fears of specific objects or situations such as animals, closed spaces, and heights. The second type, agoraphobia, is fear of open, public places and situations (such as public vehicles and crowded shopping centers) from which escape is difficult; agoraphobics tend increasingly to avoid more situations until eventually they become housebound. Social phobias, the third type, are fears of appearing stupid or shameful in social situations. The simple phobias, especially the fear of animals, may begin in childhood and persist into adulthood. Agoraphobia characteristically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, and social phobia is also associated with adolescence. Although agoraphobia is more often seen in treatment than the other types of phobia, it is not believed to be as common as simple phobia. Taken together, the phobias are believed to afflict 5 to 10 persons in 100. Agoraphobia and simple phobia are more commonly diagnosed in women than in men; the distribution for social phobia is not known. Agoraphobias, social phobias, and animal phobias tend to run in families. Behavioral techniques have proved successful in treating phobias, especially simple and social phobias. One technique, systematic desensitization, involves gradually confronting the phobic person with situations or objects that are increasingly close to the feared ones. Exposure therapy, another behavioral method, has recently been shown more effective. In this technique, phobic are repeatedly exposed to the feared situation or object so that they can see that no harm befalls them; the fear gradually fades. Ant anxiety drugs have also been used as palliatives. Antidepressant drugs have also proved successful in treating some phobias.

单选题He was given a present in Uacknowledgement/U of his work for the business.

单选题He tended his grandmother in the hospital.

单选题Sleep Problems Plague the Older Set Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night"s rest. It"s a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults. "Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging," said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. "It"s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people." Yet in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine , researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need. Older people tend to have "sleep fragmentation", meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammck, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University. They also seem to get less "REM" sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added. It"s unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a person"s quality of life, Bloom said. "What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep," he said. And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause. "Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations," said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington"s Northwest Geriatric Education Center. Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and "hypersomnia", or being tired all the time, Bloom added. Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. "Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems." Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients aren"t getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom said.

单选题All the cars are tested for Udefects/U before leaving the factory.

单选题They only have a {{U}}limited{{/U}} amount of time to get their points across. A. large B. total C. small D. similar

单选题Study Confirms Red Meat Links with Bowel (肠) Cancer People who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who eat less 46 20 grams a day，according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478,040 men and women 47 35 to 70 from lo European countries. All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but 48 an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been reported. The subsequent analysis, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute , confirms the long-held suspicion 49 high intakes (纳入量) of red meat are associated with increased bowel 50 risk. After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was 51 with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken. Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated 52 a 31 percent reduction in risk compared with eating less than 10 grams a 53 . Subjects with high red meat and low fish intake were at 63 percent higher risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish 54 . In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for 55 people who ate a low fiber diet. Sheila Bingham, study investigator at the UK"s Medical Research Council nutrition unit, said, "People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat 56 risk of bowel cancer, but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a 57 relationship." Study coordinator, Elio Riboli, 58 the World Health Organization International Agency for research into cancer, said, "Other risk factors for 59 cancer include obesity (肥胖) and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play a 60 . These factors were all taken into account in the analysis."

单选题 After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide A new mother apparently suffering from postpartum mental illness fell to her death from a narrow 12th-floor ledge of a Chicago hotel, eluding the lunging grasp of firemen called to help. The Chicago Tribune reported Tuesday that the mother of a 3-month-old daughter, Melanie Stokes, 41, was said to be suffering from3 a severe form of after-birth depression called postpartum psychosis, an extremely rare biological response to rapidly changing hormonal levels that can result in4 hallucinations, delusions, severe insomnia and a drastic departure from reality. "That was a monster in my daughter's brain," said Stokes' mother, Carol Blocker. "The medicine took no effect at all, while her grief was so strong that nothing could make up for it. I'm just glad she didn't take her daughter with her." Virtually all new mothers get postpartum blues, also called the "baby blues", which are brief episodes of irritability, moodiness and weepiness. About 20 per cent of birthing women experience postpartum depression, which can be triggered by hormonal changes, sleeplessness and the' pressures of being a new mother. It is often temporary and highly treatable. But The Tribune said what scientists suspect Stokes was battling, postpartum psychosis, is even more extreme and is considered a psychiatric emergency. During postpartum psychosis -- a very real disorder that affects less than 1 percent of women, according to the National Institute of Mental Health-- a mother .might hear voices, have visions, feel extremely agitated and be at risk of harming the child or herself. Often the consequences are tragic. In 1987, Sheryl Masip of California told a judge that postpartum psychosis made her drive a Volvo over her 6-week-old son. Latrena Pixley of Washington, D. C. o, said the disorder was why she smothered her 6-week-old daughter in 1992. And last year, Judy Kirby, a 31-year-old Indianapolis mother allegedly suffering from postpartum psychosis, sped into oncoming traffic and plowed into a minivan, killing seven youngsters, including three of her own.

单选题Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases—clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived (复活). Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the "breaking up" of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final. Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic(麻醉的) sleep. By slowing down the body"s metabolism (新陈代谢),cooling delays the processes leading to biological death. To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (动脉). The monkey"s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial respiration. After two minutes Keta"s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自然产生的) respiration began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.

单选题Cough syrups and cold remedies that are manufactured with alcohol will last much longer than those prepared with water.A. floatB. finishC. remain effectiveD. be prescribed

单选题Now about half of the women who work in social welfare are part-time, as compared to 38% in the private sector.A. guaranteeB. farewellC. well-offD. well-being

单选题Your compass and clock are the most essential Uinstruments/U in sailing.

单选题He succeeded in passing the exam at last.A. gladlyB. apparentlyC. eventuallyD. happily

单选题The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.

单选题Many baby-boomers living in the Information Age feel that

单选题 Shopping at Second-hand Clothing Stores When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at Second-hand clothing stores was just something he did — "like changing the tires on his car. "He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops. "Even new clothes are fairly disposable(可丢失的)and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes". Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment. Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army(SA)(救世军)thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment. "When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?" Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US— "some as big as department stores. "All of the clothes are donated(捐赠), and when they have a surplus(盈余), they'll have "stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars, Julia Slocum, 22points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness. "I'd say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization, the Center for a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填理场); they give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing for those who can't afford to buy new ones and generate(生气)income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed(摆脱)some of the guilt for their level of consumption./

单选题He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child.

单选题He told me he had been offered a very well-paid {{U}}position{{/U}} abroad.

单选题A Trip Every year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the "classic European holiday". The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel from Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often beyond. There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passage—as well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the delights of Europe"s food and wine, it"s relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs. There is just one problem. As the Kombis become "antique", these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadside sessions as the van sits idle, in no hurry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this deter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedules to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, off-the-beaten-track villages where the "real" locals live, freedom to not have to book accommodation in advance—you can nearly always get a campsite and can load your vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bonuses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleasurable driving experience is a good navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving around New Zealand"s cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe. As copilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn-offs and keep the music playing. Language is not a big problem once a few essential terms are mastered. The biggest challenge is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic and elaborate one-way systems and narrow, cobbled alleyways can make finding your destination hard work. It can be easier to leave the vehicle on the outskirts of town or in a camping ground and use public transport. This also avoids paying for costly parking.