单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}} Natural Medicine{{/B}} Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured, how? By ancient methods.By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however. Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases. Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modem medicines come, in one way or another, from nature. Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.

单选题Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could bejust for you. The clock, called Sleep Smart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits for you to be in your lightest phase of sleep (51) rousing you. Its makers say that should (52) you wake up feeling refreshed every morning. As you sleep you pass (53) a sequence of sleep states - light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement)sleep - that (54) approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can (55) how you feel later, and may even have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase means you are more likely to wake up energetic. Sleep Smart (56) the distinct pattern of brain waves (57) during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped (58) electrodes (电极) and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearer' s brain, in much the (59) way as some machines used for medical and research (60) , and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You (61) the clock with the latest time at (62) you want to be wakened, and it then duly (适时地) wakes you during the sleep phase before that. The (63) was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island (64) , a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test. "As sleep -deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of (65) to do about it," says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.

单选题Smoking Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

单选题下面每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选定1个最佳选项。 {{B}}第一篇{{/B}} Sleeplessness Insomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep for staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was no! adequate for you. For women who are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesn't, it may be, or have become chronic insomnia. How do you know? If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you're not having night sweats then it's time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them; there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working and pain. In up to 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the adult population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time. Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The recommendations are: -Go to bed only when sleepy. -Do not wait up to a specified time. -Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc.

单选题His motive for working so hard is that he needs money. A. motivation B. solution C. motion D. nature

单选题Dreams Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who (51) that they never dream at all actually dream (52) as frequently as the rest of us, (53) they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly (54) of dreaming night (55) night very seldom remember those dreams in (56) detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our (57) , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste. One of the world's oldest (58) written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can (59) that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilisations believed that you (60) never wake a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return (61) time if the sleeper were suddenly (62) From ancient times to the present (63) , people have been (64) attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance. There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation, although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream (65) there are books.

单选题 The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight You hear this: "No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat." You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight." How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without "hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60—69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

单选题Before the invention of photoengraving,steel and copperplate engraving served as the principal means of reproducing illustrations. A. visions B. pictures C. advertisements D. pages

单选题Rope skipping has many advantages for someone looking for an inexpensive and convenient form of exercise. It (51) to all the components of physical fitness, (52) in the area of cardiorespiratory(心和肺的)endurance. Rope skipping can be done (53) or in pairs. The ends of the rope are held loosely in the fingers. Elbows should be (54) the sides and the arms pointed away from the body. The arms and shoulders move in circular motion; as the rope follows a circular motion, (55) momentum (力量，势头)can be provided by rotating the wrists. (56) by pushing off from the toes just (57) enough to allow the rope to pass under your feet. Some physical educators (58) that rope skipping expends as much energy as running. Another (59) is the relatively short time it takes to perform the activity. Some people rope skip for 10 minutes and feel that this is (60) to jogging for 30 minutes, at least (61) terms of energy expenditure (消耗). An added advantage of rope skipping (62) an activity for many students is that they do not have to skip on hard surfaces. Some students find jogging difficult because of the need to (63) on hard surfaces. Rope skipping, on the other hand, (64) be performed indoors or outdoors on a hard or (65) surface. Rope skip- ping can be done almost anywhere at anytime, providing there is space enough for the rope to make a complete revolution.

单选题Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely (遥远地) Speeding off (超速行驶) in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer (使车辆不能调动的装置), and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1 , he will not be able to start it again. For now, such devices 2 only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization (使车辆不能调动) technology could soon start to trickle (慢慢地移动) down to ordinary cars, and 3 be available to ordinary cars in the UK 4 two months. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates 5 miniature cellphone (移动电话，手机), a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. 6 the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle"s engine management system and prevent the engine 7 restarted. There are even plans for immobilizers 8 shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making 9 harder for car thieves. "The pattern of vehicles crime has changed," says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part 10 the motor insurance industry. He says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 a novice (新手，初学者) how to steal a car using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are a far tougher (艰苦的) proposition (任务), as their engine management computer will not 12 them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this 13 achieve a 31 percent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner"s keys in a burglary (盗窃). In 2000, 12 percent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner"s keys double the previous year"s figure. Remote-controlled immobilization system would 14 a major new obstacle in the criminal"s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the 15 expects.

单选题He was a little lightheaded since he just caught a cold.

单选题This is the sort of case in which judges must exercise the power.A. makeB. useC. haveD. display

单选题He accused that company of breaking the contract. A. tearing B. writing C. breaching D. concealing

单选题I don"t quite follow what she is saying.

单选题Reading Poem No poem should ever be discussed or "analyzed", until it has been read aloud by someone,teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling "interpretation" of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it. I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than "analyzing" it, if there isn't time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is "a criticism of life", "a heightening of life, enjoyment with others". It is "an approach to the truth of feeling", and it "can save your life". It also deserves a place in the teaching of languages and literature more central than it presently occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who don't like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else, But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.

单选题I didn't have much confidence in my talent as an actor.A. wisdomB. giftC. performanceD. show

单选题Immune Functions The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive (蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate effective, and self-limiting. At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and no self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders(入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a selfmarker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in s state known as self-toler-ance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to"remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗体) passed during lactation (哺乳期]), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物)in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader. Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen(抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (过敏原), which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual also act as antigens;because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first brokendown by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes(抗原表位),which protrude(突 出) from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface; some may even carry several hundreds. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situation does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.

单选题He lacked the strength to {{U}}deal with{{/U}} all these problems.

单选题"Tm not meddling". Mary said mildly."Tin just curious".A. gentlyB. shylyC. weaklyD. sweetly

单选题Have you ever suddenly felt that someone you know was in trouble-and he was? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP(超感官知觉). ESP stands for Extra Sensory Perception. It may be called a sixth sense. It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some distance away. Here is an example: A woman was doing washing. Suddenly she screamed. "My father is dead! I saw him sitting in the chair!' Just then, a telegram came. The woman's father had died of a heart attack. He died sitting in a chair. There are thousands of stories like this on record. Scientists are studying them to find out what is behind these strange mental messages. Here's another example--one of hundreds of dreams that have come true. A man dreamed he was walking along a road when a horse and carriage came by. The driver said, "There's room for one more." The man felt the driver was Death, so he ran away. The next day the man was getting on a crowded bus. The bus driver said, "There's room for one more." Then the man saw the driver's face was the same face he had seen in the dream. He wouldn't get on the bus. As the bus drove off, it crashed and burst into flames. Everyone was killed! Some people say stories like these are lies or coincidences. Others, including some scientists say that ESP is true. From studies of ESP, we may some day learn more about the human mind.