单选题The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight You hear this: "No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat." You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight." How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45 kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn"t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9 kg. Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

单选题Her father was a quiet man with g raceful manners.

单选题Food and Cancer Medical experts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a person's chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years. Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β-carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β-carotene, vitamin E and selenium. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels. Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.

单选题Urban renewal programs strive to {{U}}upgrade{{/U}} areas that are becoming slums.

单选题Foot-and-mouth Disease Britons" most searing memories of their encounter with foot-and-mouth disease in 2001 are of the piles of animals slaughtered to try to stop its spread. Such a draconian policy might have been accepted had the disease been controlled quickly. But its ineffectiveness more than 6m cows, sheep and pigs were culled before the disease was eradicated—led to widespread revulsion and a government rethink. Just as in 2001, if an animal is thought to be infected, its herd will be culled and a quarantine zone set up. But this time, unless the disease is stamped out quickly, animals nearby will also be vaccinated to create a "fire-break" across which it is unlikely to travel. Already 300,000 doses of vaccine have been ordered, so that if government vets decide that slaughter alone is unlikely to be effective, they can start vaccinating straight away. Humans almost never catch foot-and-mouth and it rarely kills the cloven-hooved beasts it affects. But animals produce less milk and meat, so its economic effects are severe. It is also highly contagious: infected livestock produce the virus that causes it in large quantities, and transmit it through saliva, mucus, milk, faeces and even droplets in their breath. Even so, only countries where foot-and-mouth is endemic, as in parts of Latin America, vaccinate all animals. One reason is cost: the disease is caused by a virus with seven main types and tens of sub-types, with a targeted vaccine needed for each strain and shots repeated, perhaps as often as twice a year. It is also because vaccinating damages exports. Places that are free from foot-and-mouth are unwilling to import vaccinated beasts, or fresh meat from them, because they may still carry the disease. The fear of being shut out of foreign markets led to the British government"s disastrous foot-dragging over vaccination in 2001. But that same year an outbreak in the Netherlands involving 26 farms was brought under control in just one month by vaccinating 200,000 animals. Though healthy, these beasts then had to be culled so that farmers could return to exporting without restrictions as soon as possible. Not even eternal vigilance on imports can keep a country free of foot-and-mouth disease: the latest outbreak was apparently caused by a breach of bio-security at the Pirbright laboratory complex in Surrey, where government researchers keep the live virus for vaccine research and Merial, an American animal-health company, manufactures vaccine for export. Human action, accidental or deliberate, seems likely to have been involved. Ironically, one reason for eschewing vaccination is that although it provides the best hope of dealing with outbreaks, maintaining the capacity to produce vaccine is itself a risky business. Many earlier episodes of foot-and-mouth in countries normally free from the disease have been caused by laboratory escapes; in 1970 a leak from Pirbright"s isolation facilities was fortunately contained.

单选题Both countries have been making efforts to ease tension.

单选题His parent won' t let her marry anyone ______ family is poor.A. thatB. whomC. whatD. Whose

单选题 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 {{B}}Charter Schools{{/B}} American public education has changed in recent years. One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are starting independent public schools called charter schools. In 1991, there were{{U}} (51) {{/U}}charter schools in the United States. Today, more than 2,300 charter schools{{U}} (52) {{/U}}in 34 states ar/d the District of Columbia, 2,575,000 students{{U}} (53) {{/U}}these schools. The students are from 5 years{{U}} (54) {{/U}}age through 18 or older.A charter school is created by groups of parents, teachers and community members. It is similar{{U}} (55) {{/U}}some ways to a traditional public school. It receives tax money to operate just as{{U}} (56) {{/U}} public schools do. The amount it receives depends{{U}} (57) {{/U}}the number of students. The charter school must prove{{U}} (58) {{/U}}local or state governments that its students are learning. These governments provide the school{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate. Unlike a traditional public school,{{U}} (60) {{/U}}, the charte'r school does not have to obey most laws governing public schools. Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to teach. Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to{{U}} (61) {{/U}}those goals. Class sizes usually are smaller than in many traditional public schools. Many students and parents say teachers in charter schools can be more creative. However, state education agencies, local education-governing committees and unions often{{U}}(62) {{/U}}charter schools. They say these schools may receive money badly needed by traditional public schools. Experts say some charter schools are doing well while others are struggling. Congress provided 200 million dollars for establishing charter schools in the 2002 federal budget.{{U}}(63) {{/U}}often the schools say they tack enough money for their programs. Many also lack needed space. {{U}}(64) {{/U}}, many of the 36 charter schools in the District of Columbia hold classes in crowded buildings. These schools have almost 11, 000 students. District officials say they have provided 14 former school buildings{{U}} (65) {{/U}}charter education. Yet, charter-school supporters say officials should try harder to find more space.

单选题The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students takmg science courses.

单选题Do you {{U}}follow{{/U}} what I am saying?

单选题According to the passage, a person suffering from cancer will

单选题Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the (51) of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their (52) children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any (53) visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth (54) story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care (55) elderly people need. Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied (56) the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. (57) , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers (58) a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best people for the job. In other words, they all felt that they could do the job better than anyone else. Social workers (59) caregivers to find out why they took (60) the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had (61) to help their relative. Some stated that helping others make them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping (62) now, they would deserve care when they became old and (63) . Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a (64) satisfying experience for everyone who might be (65) .

单选题The new car at the motor-show was a very unusual shape. A. rare g. common C. strange D. curious

单选题As the headmaster made a long speech, the ceremony was prolonged by ten minutes.

单选题Did anyone call me when I was out? A. invite B. name C. answer D. phone

单选题下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确的信息，请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，衣选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Evolution of Sleep Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles. There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seemsclearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.

单选题We have got to abide by the rules.

单选题If you're like 67% of Americans, you're currently overweight or obese. If you're like 27%, your blood pressure is too high. If you're like a whopping 96% of the population, you may not be able to recall the last time you had a salad, since you're one of the hundreds of millions of Americans who rarely eat enough vegetables. And what you do eat, you don't burn off - assuming you're like the 40% of US who get no exercise. Most troubling of all, if you're like any parent of any child anywhere in the world, you may be passing your health habits to your children, which explains why experts fear that this generation of American kids may be the first ever to have a shorter life span than their parents do. What is the percentage of Americans who do not do physical exercise,9A. 67%B. 27%C. 96%D. 40%

单选题In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production. A. speed up B. decrease C. stop D. control

单选题Alice is {{U}}a fascinating{{/U}} girl. A. a beautiful B. a pretty C. an attractive D. a pleasant