单选题 Happiness Happiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy, with the UK government exploring a "happiness index". It's tough, though, to define exactly what happiness is, and what makes us happy. There are two broad ways of looking at happiness: short-term happiness (a great cookie, a boodle of wine) and long-term happiness (financial security, achieving your goals). Both types of happiness are valid, and important. The problem is, they're often in competition. Let's say you've got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year. You know you'd be happier and healthier if you weren't carrying that extra weight. To achieve long-term happiness, you need to go on a diet. In the short-term, though, it's not that easy. A chocolate cake, or a large glass of wine, might seem like just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long day—or to celebrate with friends. It's the same with lots of other goals. If you've got a tendency to {{U}}prioritize{{/U}} long-term happiness at the expense of day-to-day pleasures, you should start looking for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life. I'm not suggesting that you go our and get drunk every night, or that you stuff with cake. There are plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself. Don't pin all your hopes of happiness on some far-off future, though. There's no point working a 60-hour week and making yourself thoroughly miserable in the belief that things will be prefect as soon as you're making a six-figure salary.

单选题Will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased are {{U}}realized{{/U}}. A. fulfilled B. accepted C. advocated D. received

单选题He has made up his mind to give up smoking. A. tried B. attempted C. agreed D. decided

单选题The room was filled with the {{U}}scent{{/U}}, of flowers.

单选题The Race into Space American millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. "I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives," Tito explained. He loved his time in space. "Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have." This kind of experience isn"t cheap. It cost $ 20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream, so he was happy. "For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when I didn"t have any money," he told reporters. On April 30, 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the world"s second space tourist. Shuttleworth is a South African businessman. At the age of twenty-eight, he also paid $20 million for the eight-day trip. Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures. The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. The spaceship to take them doesn"t exist yet. Many of the customers are persons who like adventure. They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma. Other customers are people who love space. However, these people are worried. Because it"s so expensive, only very rich people can go into space. They want space travel to be available to more people. That day may soon be here. Inter Orbital Systems (IOS) plans to send up to four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in Tonga. The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California, seven days in space, and a vacation in Tonga, for $2 million. However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASA"s deputy assistant administrator for space flight. He says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500. Because of this it may take time before space tourism really takes off. You might be able to go up, but will you come down?

单选题It's impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation. A. leave B. talk loudly C. stand up D. interrupt

单选题Her{{U}} speciality{{/U}} is heart surgery

单选题 Many millions of people have high blood pressure(hypertension 高血压). What's so frightening about this so called silent killer is that it often does not produce {{U}}(51) {{/U}}for years, secretly damaging arteries and organs throughout the body until it erupts (爆发) in the form of stroke, heart attack, congestive heart failure(充血性尽力衰竭) or kidney disease. {{U}}(52) {{/U}} left untreated, even mild hypertension can reduce the life expectancy of a 35-year-old {{U}}(53) {{/U}} several years. (Readings of 140 to 159 over 90 to 99 are mildly high; about 120/80 is normal. ) That's why high blood pressure is commonly treated with anti-hypertensive drugs. But studies {{U}}(54) {{/U}} that in some people an increase in calcium(钙) consumption can help {{U}}(55) {{/U}} blood pressure without medication(药物治疗)。 Calcium also seems to help prevent high blood pressure. {{U}}(56) {{/U}} the results of 13-year survey {{U}}(57) {{/U}} by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, James H. Dwyer, associate professor of {{U}}(58) {{/U}} medicine at the University of Southern California School of Medicine, found that people who consumed 1300 milligrams of calcium a day were 12 percent {{U}}(59) {{/U}} likely to develop hypertension than those {{U}}(60) {{/U}} only 300 mg. a day. In people under age 40, risk was reduced by up to 25 percent. Soon doctors may {{U}}(61) {{/U}} some hypertension patients to increase their calcium intake, {{U}}(62) {{/U}} the way they now advise sodium(钠) restriction. "It's {{U}}(63) {{/U}} to add food or supplements than to go on a low-sodium diet," {{U}}(64) {{/U}} Dr. David McCarron, professor of medicine at Oregon Health Sciences University. "Our studies show that people who try the low-sodium {{U}}(65) {{/U}} don't stay with it very long. "

单选题How to Read Books A number of recent books have reworked subjects, forms and writing techniques. Today's children read stories about divorce, death, drugs, air pollution, political extremism and violence. Relying on the magic of the illustrator, all kinds of books are being published. Before they know how to read, babies can play with books made of cloth or books made to take in the bath. Later on, they are given picture books that may be cubical(立方形的) or triangular, outsized or very small. They also like work-books which come with watercolours and paintbrushes, and comic books(漫画册) filled with details where they have to spot a figure hidden among thousands of others. Not that the traditional children's books are being neglected. There are still storybooks where the pages pop up(跳起) when they are opened, to make a forest or a castle. Among the latest ideas are interactive stories where readers choose the plot(情节) or ending they want, and books on CD, which are very popular in rich industrialized countries. The public has enthusiastically greeted the wealth of creativity displayed by publishers. "Previously, giving a child a book was often seen as improper," says Canadian author Marie-France Hebert. Her books, published by a French-language publisher, sell like not cakes in hundreds of thousands of copies. "There's real appetite for reading these days and I try to get across to children the passion for reading which is food for the mind and the passion for reading which is food for the mind and the heart, like a medicine or a vitamin. /

单选题 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 {{B}}Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early{{/B}} An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use. The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients. "When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials—more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years," study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday. Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007,the researchers found that 11 (79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration. "This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an 'immature' benefit/risk balance of new drugs," Apolone said. He and his colleagues "are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation. " It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration (持续时间) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months. They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they'd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis. "Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation," Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference. "However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy (功效) without strong evidence being available."

单选题Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation.

单选题Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterday.

单选题Jane said that she couldn’tU tolerate/U the long hours．

单选题Eleanor Roosevelt's dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad.

单选题Which is NOT affected by the number of years we have to live?

单选题He looks like a crazy man.

单选题The thunder scared the children.A. caredB. pleasedC. frightenedD. shouted

单选题Immune Functions The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive (蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate effective, and self-limiting. At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and no self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders(入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a selfmarker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in s state known as self-toler-ance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to"remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗体) passed during lactation (哺乳期]), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物)in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader. Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen(抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (过敏原), which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual also act as antigens;because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first brokendown by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes(抗原表位),which protrude(突 出) from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface; some may even carry several hundreds. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situation does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.

单选题The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} IQ-gene{{/B}} In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a "smart gene", you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early--and still score at Princeton--caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. "We have," says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence." Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6 of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group--32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for "chopsticks fallacy". Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups mat emphasize academic achievement. "What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?" asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. "That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environment. "And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg, "I would take these findings with a whole box of salt."