填空题Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room. Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盘问) is enormous. (46) "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is. to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess. " Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do. (47) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility. Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. (48) Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds. "There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. (49) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation—not hours of aggressive questioning—and still, most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. (50) A. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "ah" key, because doing so would crash the systems.B. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision. "C. "It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齿的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.D. "But adults are highly vulnerable too."E. How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Strawberries: In a study that tracked the diets and health of 1, 271 people in Massachusetts, researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health found that strawberry-lovers were 70 percent less likely than those who rarely ate the fruit to develop cancer.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}. Tomatoes: With their load of vitamin C, tomatoes are the richest source of the fiery red pigment lycopene, which has been shown to defend against malignancies of the lungs, cervix, prostate, and mouth{{U}} (47) {{/U}}. If they need to ripen, leave them in a cool spot in your kitchen for a day or two. Oranges: Like all citrus fruits, oranges are known for their aromatic oils and high vitamin C content.{{U}} (48) {{/U}} Garlic: Garlic could be your ticket to longevity. The same sulfur compounds that give the bulb its pungent flavour protect against cancer both by neutralizing carcinogens and slowing tumors' growth. If you don't care for garlic, take heart: onions, leeks, shallots, and chives deliver many of the same cancer-fighting substances. Tea:{{U}} (49) {{/U}}. One recent study found that certain of these compounds appear to keep newly formed tumor cells from growing out of control, a trick they pull off by restoring a chemical in the body that limits how many times the rogue cells can divide. Whole Wheat:{{U}} (50) {{/U}}. Grain-lovers ran one-third the risk of people who rarely ate whole grain bread or cereal. A. Loaded with nutrients and fiber, grains have many of the same phytochemicals as fresh produce. B. But berries of every kind offer benefits. C. A lot of people in China like to drink tea because it's traditional. D. Whatever you do, don't put fresh tomatoes in the fridge unless you want to spoil their flavour and texture. E. Tea is rich in antioxidants called polyphenols. F. Citrus-lovers show comparatively low rates of stomach and lung cancers.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}English and English Community{{/B}}1. There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.2. A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊), a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3. We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience (方便), we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4. Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional (虚构的) lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.

填空题A. a longer life expectancy for most people B. artists are adroit in dealing with their painting subject C. engage in the medical profession D. careful study and experimentation E. the chief centers for medical care in most countries F. science and technology

填空题 Single-parent Kids Do Best Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents—at least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate. The finding shows that family conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological factors such as hunting and food supply. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}} In evolutionary terms, the best strategy for any parent in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring, so they can concentrate on breeding again. So it's normal for parents to try to pass the buck to each other. But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team wondered how families solve this conflict, and how the conflict itself affects the offspring. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}They compared single females with pairs, by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected, and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising four chicks, and each single mum had two—supposedly the same amount of work. But single mums, they found, put in about 25 per cent more effort than females rearing with their mate. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}"The offspring suffer some of the cost of this conflict," says Hartley. The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight, but in how attractive they are to the opposite sex. When the chicks were mature, the researchers tested the "fitness" of the male offspring by offering females their choice of partner. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}} Sexual conflict has long been thought to affect the quality of care given to offspring, says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University, who works on conflict of parents in birds. "But the experimental evidence is not great. The breakthrough here is showing it empirically." More surprising, says Kilner, is Hadley's statement that conflict may he a strong influence on the evolution of behaviour, clutch size and even appearance. "People have not really made that link," says Hartley. A female's reproductive strategy is usually thought to be affected by hunting and food supply. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} A. To avoid being exploited, mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the father is being lazy, and it's the chicks that pay the price. B. To find out, they measured how much effort zebra finch parents put into raising their babies. C. Those males reared by single mums were chosen more often than those from two-parent families. D. With two parents around, there's always a conflict of interests, which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring. E. Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken into account as well. F. It turned out that single mums had greater influence on their offspring.

填空题More Rural Research Is needed 1 Agricultural research funding is Vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead. 2 "The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty," he said. 3 Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which in turn slowed population growth Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world's ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world's population is expected to rise from 5.8 to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there'll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020 similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia. 4 The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) on research, and the developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDS Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries. 5 He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs for Mexico, China or India. 6 "Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently," Dr. Fischer said. 7 Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2-8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth, such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. "If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you're going to have to increase yield," Dr. Fischer said.A. The Same or Improved Food Supply Situation in 2020B. Research Focus on Increased YieldC. More Research Funding NeededD. Local Situations AnalyzedE. ncrease in Investment on Agricultural ResearchF. Sustained Development of Modern Technologies

填空题Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000. Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart. The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders. ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced. New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

填空题Before July 1st, many young people go to CMVD to get ______.

填空题 First Aid1 First aid is the kind of medical that are given to a victim of an accident or sudden sickness before trained medical help can arrive. First aid techniques are often simple. They can be taught to people of all ages. And learning them is important. Knowing how to treat someone in an emergency can mean the difference beween life and death.2 Thousands of persons die each year after eating or drinking poison substances. Experts say most accidental poisonings happen in or near the home. And most are caused by substances we commonly use at home: medical supplies, insect poisons or cleaning fluids. There are several common signs of poisoning. A sudden feeling of pain or sickness. Burns in the area of the mouth. Or an unusual smell coming from a person's mouth.3 Health experts generally advise poison victims to drink water or milk. But never give liquids to someone who is not awake or to those having a violent reaction to the poison. Next, seek help from trained medical experts. Save material expelled from the mouth for doctors to examine. Save the container of the suspected poison to answer questions the doctors may have. The container also may describe a substance that halts the poison's effects. Use this substance without delay.4 The American Red Cross says all homes should have at least three substances to deal with poisoning. One, syrup of ipecac(吐根糖浆),is a fluid that helps the body expel material from the stomach. Another, activated charcoal (活性炭), lessens the danger of poisons. The other material, epsom salts(泻盐), helps to speed the release of body wastes. All three should be used only on the advice of a medical expert.5 The Red Cross says expulsion (清除) of material from the stomach—vomiting (呕吐)— sometimes may be started if medical advice is delayed. But it says vomiting should be used only when it is known the victim took too much of what is called a general poison, such as a medicine. The experts say never cause vomiting if the victim was poisoned by a petroleum product or by a substance that was a strong acid or a strong alkali(碱). These victims should be taken to a medical center as soon as possible.

填空题Natural Gas 1. Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth"s surface. It is a fossil fuel, meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago. The main component of natural gas is methane (甲烷). 2. The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure (基础设) has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential, commercial and industrial customers worldwide. Today, natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the US, and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes use natural gas. In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes, much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products, from paint, to fibers for clothing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings. Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants. 3. Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits less pollution than other fossil fuels. When natural gas is burned, it produces mostly carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and water vapor—the same substances emitted when humans exhale. Compared with some other fossil fuels, natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted (燃烧), making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all. The industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution, which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly. 4. The United States consumes about one third of the world"s natural gas output, making it the largest gas consuming region in the world. The U. S. Department of Energy"s Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025. 5. There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth"s surface. The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia, West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG (液化天然气) has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades. Today, the leading importers of LNG are Japan, Korea, France and Spain.

填空题Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. ______ They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.A. Emotions, however, may be weak or strong.B. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.C. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world.D. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.E. For example, a student taking all examination may be so worried about failing that hecannot think properly.F. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfie

填空题Every Dog Has Its Say Kimiko Fukuda, a Japanese girl, always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve. 1 When the dog barks, she glances at a small electronic gadget (装置). The following "human" translation appears on its screen: "Please take me with you." "I realized that"s how he was feeling," said Fukuda. The gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world"s first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it. 2 "Nobody else had thought about it," said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara. "We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understand dogs?" Bowlingual has two parts. 3 The translation is done in the gadget using a database (资料库) containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behaviour research, these noises are divided into six categories: happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. 4 In this way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda"s house recently, the dog barked a loud "bow wow". This translated as "Don"t come this way". 5 The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US $120. It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog"s emotions when the owner is away. A. Wireless microphone is attached to the dog"s collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner. B. Nobody really knows how a dog feels. C. It was followed by "I"m stronger than you" as the dog growled (嗥叫) and sniffed (嗅) at the visitor. D. More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer. E. Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows. F. Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let"s play", "Look at me", or "Spend more time with me".

填空题1. Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, influencing one's outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That's great if your mood is a pleasant one, but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or simply lonely. 2. Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out; sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern pharmacology(药物学)offers n abundance of tranquilizers(镇静剂), antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs. What many people don't realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to make you loose from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous. So next time you feel out of sorts, don't head for the drug-store--try the following approach. 3. Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, aerobic(增氧健身的)exercise seems to be the most efficient cure fox a bad mood. "If you could keep the exercise, you'd be in high spirits," says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty. 4. Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compare favorably to drugs as a mood-raiser. Physical exertion such as housework, however, does little. The key is aerobic exercise——running, cycling, walking, swimming or other repetitive and sustained activities that boost the heart rate, increase circulation and improve the body's utilization of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a session three to five times a week.

填空题You will find it hard to make friends with people ______.

填空题Science and Technology There is a difference between science and technology. 1 Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. 2 Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other peoples likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. 3 But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic (超音速的) aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air. 4 The purpose of technology is to serve people—people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. 5 Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion (枯竭) and even social decay in general—so much so that the promise of technology is "obscured". That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will? A. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. C. What scientists discover may shock or anger people—as did Darwin"s theory of evolution. D. Science and technology are different. E. We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. F. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.

填空题A. everythingB. a great successC. a tremendous failureD. nothingE. many firstsF. quite possible

填空题Cancer patients may differ in their

填空题Understanding Autism Autism (孤独症) is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear, and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships, communication, and behaviour. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly (费力地) learn normal patterns of speech and communication, and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke. The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic (遗传的) factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several "causes". Most people with mental retardation (智力迟钝的) show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits (欠缺) in certain areas—most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others—and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders, since diagnostic (诊断的) confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques. In general, individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists, piano tuners, painters, farm workers, office workers, computer operators, dishwashers, assembly line workers, or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.

填空题 阅读—下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Caribbean Islands{{/B}} What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山).{{U}} (46) {{/U}} The Caribbean Islands are known by several names.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral. You can see why pirates (海盗) such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters.{{U}} (49) {{/U}} The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}A. But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always painful.B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies.C. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.F. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.

填空题Deciding on the vacation's destination(目的地) with your family can be a difficult task, especially when your choice of place does not interest your children. You might plan to visit Alaska, but your children might want to go to the Bahamas. (46) Eastern cities like Beijing, Seoul and Bangkok are on the list of favorite destinations with children. The holiday can prove to be a fun learning experience because you can see things like the Great Wall and learn about different cultures. (47) However, the problem is that getting permission to enter the country, usually takes some time, so plan your trip well ahead of time to ensure a smooth trip to your chosen destination. European cities have also gained popularity over the years, but a trip might be a little." too expensive. However, the Western Europe country trips generally come with discounts (折扣) and by going to Europe you can experience several different cultures. You can explore the rains of Pompeii (庞贝城的遗迹) and go on a boat ride in Venice, or taste delicious Italian sweets in Florence. (48) This gives them an opportunity to learn about their ancestors. (49) Lying in the sun, playing on the sand and swimming in the deep blue water can be very relaxing, and that's why so many families go there. Because of the white sandy beaches, black mountains and deep red sunsets, the islands are considered by many to be a tourists' dreaming place. (50) It also otters sun, sand and water, along with all kinds of summer and water sports activities from diving to swimming with dolphins. You can also go whale watching. A. Different food, different money and an altogether different way of life can be highly entertaining for you. B. The Caribbean is the next best holiday spot for children. C. Because of movies like Madagascar, children now want to travel to adventurous places. D. Most Western European families enjoy vacations to countries like Italy. E. The best choice is to figure out where your kids want to go this vacation and find a kid-friendly destination. F. Hawaii as a holiday destination is also very popular, and many families go there every year.