填空题Napping to A Healthier Heart? Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke. The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that person"s treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient"s chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association . Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

填空题Napping to a Healthier Heart? 1. Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 2. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 3. The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure5 that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure. 4. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that person's treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 5. Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps. 6. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

填空题1 "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" is a popular saying in the United States. Other countries have similar sayings. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are going to maintain good health and enjoy life. Good physical and mental health in fact enables us to work more efficiently. 2 Everyone has his own way of relaxing. Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, skating and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people who like to be outdoors. Chess, card-playing, and dancing are forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by many people. 3 Not everyone who enjoys sporting events likes to participate in them. Many people prefer to be spectators, either by attending the games in person, watching them on television, or listening to them on the radio. When there is an important baseball game or boxing match, it is almost impossible to get tickets; everyone wants to attend. 4 It doesn't matter whether we play a fast game of ping-pong, concentrate over the bridge table (桥牌桌), or go walking through the woods on a brisk (清闲的) autumn afternoon. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time and enjoy some form of recreation.A. The importance of having recreationB. The recreation centersC. Types of sportsD. Fun of being spectatorsE. The necessity of having recreationF. Dangers involved in playing sports

填空题A. Keprike's research tool B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripke's report D. A way of, overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems

填空题Owls and Larks (锚头鹰与云雀) 1. In this article,we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight of more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place? We need sleep for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it? The truth is that it's difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion. 2. The popular belief that people are naturally either larks (early risers) or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle, age, and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning. 3. "The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie, or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning-an owl's or a lark's lifestyle? The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is probably the secret. 4. As for naps,experts on insomnia (失眠) argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours. However, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, it's not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine(尼古丁) ,do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log, whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.A. Which is better, being an owl or a lark?B. What should we avoid?C. What helps us fall asleep?D. What makes people owls or larksE. Why do we need sleep?F. How much sleep do we need.'?

填空题Every Dog Has Its Say Kimiko Fukuda, a Japanese girl, always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve. 1 When the dog barks, she glances at a small electronic gadget(装置). The following human translation appears on its screen: "Please take me with you. I realized that"s how he was feeling," said Fukuda. The gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world"s first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it. 2 "Nobody else had thought about it," said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara. "We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understand dogs?" Bowlingual has two parts. 3 The translation is done in the gadget using a database(资料库)containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behavior research, these noises are divided into six categories. happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. 4 In this way, the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda"s house recently, the dog barked a loud "bow wow". This translated as "Don"t come this way". 5 The product will be available in U.S. pet stores this summer for about US $120. It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog"s emotions when the owner is away. A. A wireless microphone is attached to the dog"s collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner. B. Nobody really knows how a dog feels. C. It was followed by "I"m stronger than you" as the dog growled(嗥叫)and sniffed(嗅)at the visitor. D. More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer. E. Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows. F. Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let"s play" "Look at me", or "Spend more time with me".

填空题Einstein Named "Person of the Century" Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel (解决) the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday. A man whose very name is synonymous (同义的) with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific though that set the stage for the age of technology. "The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological--technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science," wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein's significance. (46) Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon (象征) for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics. "What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom's fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying (象征，体现) the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom, "said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson. Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879 (47) He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams. In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history (48) Everything else mass, weight, space, even time itself — is a variable (变量). And he offered the world his now-famous equation (公式): energy equals mass times the speed of light squared — E=mc2. (49) "There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality." Einstein's famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did (50) Einstein did not work on the project. Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.A. "Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics," Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time's choices.B. How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public's view about Albert Einstein.C. "Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein."D. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project" that secretly developed the first atomic weapon.E. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.F. In his "Special Theory of Relativity," Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.

填空题2. Taste Taste is such a subjective matter that we don' t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone's preference is that it's one person's opinion. (46) We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca -Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for Coca--Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. (47) We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. (48) Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 1 9 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. (49) While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. (50) A. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guess - work could have accomplished.B. There are many Coca--Cola and Pepsi Cola fans around the world.C. These were people who thought they' d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.D. But because the two big cola companies--Coca - Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively (攻势地), we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty.E. The diet, cola drinkers did a little worse--only 7 to 27 identified all four Samples correctly.F. Our preference test result suggests that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and pric

填空题A. History of the cityB. Industries of the cityC. Population growthD. EducationE. Cultural centerF. Immigration

填空题Scientists working on a problem do not know and sometimes can't even guess what the final result will be. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, Professor Rontgen, a German physicist, was doing an experiment in his laboratory when he noticed something extraordinary. He had covered an electric bulb with black cardboard, and when he switched on the current he saw little dancing lights on his table. (46) ; how then could any ray penetrate? On the table there were some pieces of paper which had been covered with metal salts. (47) . Professor Rontgen took a piece of this paper and held it at a distance from the lamp. Between it and the lamp he placed a variety of objects, a books, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a door key. The ray penetrated every one of them except the key. He called his wife into the laboratory and asked her to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. (48) , but she held up her hand for a quarter of an hour, and when the plate was developed there was a picture of the bones of her hand and of the ring on one finger. The mysterious ray could pass through the flesh and not through the bone or the ring. At a scientific meeting, Professor Rontegen called this new ray "the unknown", the X-ray. (49) , and soon there were X-ray machines in all the big hospitals. The most obvious use for this discovery was to enable doctors to see exactly how a bone was fractured. Other uses came later. It was found that these rays could be used to destroy cancer cells, just as they destroyed the healthy cells of the doctors who first used the machines. (50) , and the lungs could be X-rayed to show if there was any tuberculosis present. A. It was on this paper that the lights were shining B. She was very surprised by this request C. Now the bulb was completely covered D. It was a great invention E. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be located F. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as objects unto themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. In this case, it becomes an open question whether there might not be some more effective means of the same result. Alterntively, one may attribute a negative value to art, as Plato did in his republic, arguing that art has a corrupting or desiderative effect on those exposed to it. The extrinsic approach, adopted in modern times by Leo Tolstoy in What Is Art in 1986, has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory. Philosophers have constantly sought for a value in aresthetic experience that is unique to it and that, therefore, could not be obtained from any other source. The extreme version of this intrinsic approach is that associated with Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan "art for art's sake." {{U}}(47) {{/U}}. They also hold that in order to understand art as it should be understood, it is necessary to put aside all interests other than an interest in the work itself. Between those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host of intermediate positions. We believe, for example, that works of art must be appreciated for their own sake, but that, in the act of apreciation, we gain from them something that is of independent value. {{U}}(48) {{/U}}. Why should not something similar be said of works of art, many of which aspire to be amusing in just the way that good jokes are? The analogy with laughter...which, in some views, is itself a species of aesthetic interestintroduces a concept without which there can be no serious discussion of the value of art: the concept of taste. {{U}}(49) {{/U}}. We thus begin to think in terms of a distinction between good and bad reasons for laughter. Amusement at the wrong things may seem to us to show corruption of mind, cruelty, or bad taste; and when it does so, we speak of the object as not truly amusing, and feel that we have reason on our side. Similarly, we regard some works of art as worthy of our attention and others as not. In articulating this judgment, we use all of the diverse and confusing vocabulary of moral appraisal; works of art, like people, are condemned for their sentimentality, coarseness, vulgarity, cruelty, or self-indulgence, and squally praised for their warmth, compassion, nobility, sensitivity, and truthfulness. Clearly, if aesthetic interest has a positive value, its only when motivated the good taste; it is only interest in appropriate objects that can be said to be good for us. {{U}}(50) {{/U}}.[A] Thus a joke is laughed at for its own sake, even though there is an independent value in laughter, which lightens our lives by taking us momentarily outside ourselves.[B] All discussion of the value of art tends, therefore, to turn from the outset in the direction of criticism: Can there be genuine critical evaluation of art, a genuine distinction between that which deserves our attention and that which does not?[C] Art is held to be a form of education, perhaps an education of the emotions.[D] Artistic appreciation, appreciation, a purely personal matter, calls for appropriate means of expression. Yet, it is before anything a process of "cultivation", during which a certain part of one's "inner self" is "dug out" and some knowledge of the outside world becomes its match.[E] If I am amused it is for a reason, and this reason lies in the object of my amusement.[F] Such thinkers and writers believe that art is not only an end in itself but also a sufficient justification of itself.

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 I Know Just How You Feel Do you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart. Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types -- anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. {{U}}(46) {{/U}} Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin's small group. More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. {{U}}(47) {{/U}} The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions. The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an "emotion". {{U}}(48) {{/U}} Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from "afraid" to "wanting". Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. {{U}}(49) {{/U}} The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someone's face. "It was really clear when the actors had got it right," says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. "Although they were given some direction," says Ms Collis, "the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. {{U}}(50) {{/U}}" For example, when someone feels contempt, you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down. Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called "action units". These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion. A. We thought of trying to describe each emotion,but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this. B. These particular muscles are difficult to control,and few people can do it. C. Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions. D. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel" or "he looks" or "she sounds". E. He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognisable by anyone, from any culture. F. Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions,such as words, would have been far less effective.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个紧佳选项。 Icebergs 1 Icebergs are among nature's most spectacular (壮观的 ) creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being-somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most case no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away (消融) just as unnoticed. 2 Objects of sheerest (最纯粹的) beauty they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring-in calm, sunlight seas. 3 But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are—in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. 4 Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at aft, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each year's snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice. A. Formation of iceberg B. Iceberg is beautiful C. Color'of iceberg D. Iceberg is dangerous E. Iceberg is mysterious F. Classification of iceberg

填空题How to Argue with Your Boss 1. Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss"s secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss"s secretary, there are keys to timing: don"t approach the boss when he"s on deadline; don"t go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed; don"t go in just before or after he has taken a vacation. 2. If you"re mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don"t let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you. 3. Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it. 4. Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can"t put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can"t get past the secretary. 5. To deal effectively with a boss, it"s important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work with you to achieve your goals. A. Keep Your Voice Low All the Time B. Put Yourself in the Boss"s Position C. Propose Your Solution D. Don"t Go In When You Are Angry E. Make the Issue Clear F. Never Give In

填空题What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes? When you eat, your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. 1 Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose can"t be used by the body on its own—it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body. Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body gets the energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, it"s because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. 2 You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents" age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes. 3 When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life. It won"t ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older. Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. 4 Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes, something else outside the person"s body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with—this means you can"t get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this type of diabetes isn"t caused by eating too many sugary foods, either. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person"s body—sometimes months or years. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. 5 A. Genes are something that you inherit from your parents, and they are in your body even before you"re born. B. This sugar-fuel is called glucose. C. It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes. D. You can"t catch diabetes from people who have it, no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them. E. The glucose can"t get into the cells of the body without insulin. F. When a person has this kind of diabetes, the pancreas usually can still make insulin, but the person"s body needs more than the pancreas can make.

填空题Parkinson"s Disease 1. Parkinson"s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson"s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson"s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3. Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson"s disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson"s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson"s may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills (dementia). 4. At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson"s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.

填空题 Ebola Outbreak 1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus. 2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable. 4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every, organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

填空题The day her daughter was born, the writer's heart was mostly filled with ______.

填空题 A. disease prevention B. health education C. healthy behavior D. unhealthy behavior E. other health services F. many vaccines

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Exercising Your Memory{{/B}}1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go.2 That's not to say that memory doesn't change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime).3 Short-term memory isn't mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes more through life. It's not until the early teens (十几岁) that most people develop a mature long-term memory.4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. It's no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life.5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active m reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking — and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout (锻炼) is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity.6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (记忆力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost—whether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages.7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.