填空题A. Attractions of Travelling B. Language Problem When Eating Out C Revolution Caused by Jets D. How Travellers' Concerns Are Met E. Travel Industry Today F. Travel Conditions

填空题There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on thefamily are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit (信任) - not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that awoman's place is the home. ______ Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.A. We are beginning, howevel to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it.B. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.C. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences.D. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family.E. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.F. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".

填空题Yoga May Help Ease High Blood Pressure People who follow the ancient practice of yoga may be getting an added health boost, with a new study suggesting it can fight high blood pressure—also known as hypertension. "This study confirms many people"s feelings that exercise may be useful in the control of hypertension," said Dr. Howard. "Yoga would be a useful adjunct in the lowering of blood pressure in certain populations." 1 Although the study couldn"t prove a cause-and-effect relationship, doing yoga two to three times a week was associated with an average drop in blood pressure readings from 133/80 to 130/77, the researchers said. In comparison, the average decrease in blood pressure was smaller (134/83 to 132/82) among people who ate a special diet but did not do yoga. In a bit of a surprise, doing yoga in tandem with a special diet did not outperform doing yoga alone. 2 Dr. Howard said the study shows that "yoga can have a favorable effect" on hypertension. 3 "But some large population studies have suggested that changes of this magnitude could have very significant long-term benefits." 4 , including its relatively short length and the fact that most participants were young and had milder forms of high blood pressure, Dr. Howard said. 5 "Yoga, along with deep breathing exercises, meditation and inner reflection, is a good adjunctive and integrative cardiovascular approach to better health, including lowering blood pressure, as this data suggests," said Dr. David Friedman. A. This may be because doing both required a greater amount of time, making it more difficult for participants to stick with their regimens. B. In the study, researchers tracked 58 women and men, aged 38 to 62, for six months. C. The study did have some limitations D. Yoga is proved to be effective in lowering high blood pressure. E. Another expert agreed that the ancient Indian practice of yoga might ease hypertension. F. The amount of change was small, he said.

填空题 Pain All of us have felt pain. we have cut ourselves. We have been burned. Or we have had headaches. Some of us suffer pain rarely. (46) Pain can take complete control of our body and mind, making it impossible to move and even to think. Yet we need pain. Without It, we would not know if we have hurt ourselves. It is our body's warning system. (47) Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor. It is the most common reason we take medicines. Until recently, however, most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains. (48) But new knowledge about the process of pain Is helping them to control pain batter. Scientists have learned that the sense of pain Is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. (49) Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow. The first message is the warning signal. It moves at a speed of 30 meters a second. In less than a second, the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and how badly it is injured. (50) It tells' us not to use the injured part until it heals. A And others have painful attacks all the time.B These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord (脊髓) to the brain, and back down again.C It tells us that we are injured and should do something about it.D They knew little about the process of pain itself.E The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.F And they send the second, slower message of pain to the brain.

填空题Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities. (46) . She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. (47) . She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. (48) . Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity. The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument the cello. (49) . The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. (50) She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better. A. Both involve different senses. B. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois. C. Some disabled children attended the musical training Class. D. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. E. Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. F. The brain stem controls our ability to hear.

填空题Mt. Desert Island The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northern most coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline (46) At that time,the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川)descen- ded, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean, water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, former a series of twisting inlets and lagoons(咸水湖). The highest parts of the former mountain in range, rearest the shore,remained as islands (47) Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles. Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands (48) . For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because tile island sits on the boundary line between the temperate(温带) and sub—Arctic zones, the island suppers the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach inland,and alpine(高山的)plants. (49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling and boating Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. (50) From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier.A. This mountain rises 1,532 feet making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seaboard.B. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water, seven miles long.C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Deserts Island selfishly kept it to themselves.D. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier.E. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.F. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题：(2)第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的位置上。 {{B}} Earthquake{{/B}} Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. These are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9, major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before earthquakes happen.

填空题A. can be found in ParisB. the major events of the nationC. of the country's industriesD. a lot of cinemas and theatresE. has been growing steadilyF. has been decreasing rapidly

填空题Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. (46) . Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles(困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off(挡开) illness, (47) . (48) . First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties (49) . They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移...注意力)us from our worries and troubles. (50) --financial aid, material resources, and needed services--that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.A. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.B. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.C. Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportD. People can't live without social support.E. and the absence of such support makes poor health more likelyF. Second, other people often provide us with informational support.

填空题Parkinson"s Disease 1. Parkinson"s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson"s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson"s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3. Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson"s disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson"s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson"s may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills (dementia). 4. At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson"s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.

填空题Exercising Your Memory Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go. That"s not to say that memory doesn"t change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime). Short-term memory isn"t mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes through life. It"s not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory. First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈的、迟钝的) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. It"s no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life. Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active—reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking—and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (保持力，记忆力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost—whether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.

填空题 A. larger than the party above the water B. stay near the iceberg C. melt away just as unnoticed D. larger crystals E. stay away from iceberg F. above the water

填空题Ceremonial (仪式性的) bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. 1 Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. 2 Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis (关节炎) may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation (炎症). Asthma (气喘) patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion (阻塞) and speed recovery time. 3 The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying "starve a cold, feed a fever". The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body"s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. 4 Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute. A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor"s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should cheek with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. 5 Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath. A. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. B. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. C. The body"s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. D. An extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in. E. The cardiovascular system gets a workout as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. F. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.

填空题Hepatitis Hepatitis (肝炎) is a disease characterized by inflammation (炎症) of and injury to the liver. The disease has many causes, including misuse of alcohol and drugs, but viruses are the most common cause. Researchers estimate that more than 300,000 cases of viral hepatitis Occur each year in the United States. Symptoms of viral hepatitis appear from two weeks to six months after exposure to the virus. The first symptoms are usually fatigue, poor appetite and nausea. Pain in the abdomen above the liver and a slight fever are also common. After a few days, the person"s urine becomes dark and jaundice (黄疸) appears. The jaundice and dark urine indicate the liver is not working properly. Symptoms of viral hepatitis generally last two to six weeks. Severe cases can lead to liver failure and death. But most patients—even those with severe hepatitis—eventually recover completely. In some patients, the disease becomes persistent and is called chronic hepatitis. Persons with chronic hepatitis may experience mild, vague symptoms of fatigue and poor appetite. There are five types of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis A is a highly contagious disease, but it is rarely fatal. It is also called infectious hepatitis. Hepatitis A is extremely common in developing nations. Outbreaks often occur due to unsanitary conditions, such as contamination of food or the water supply. Hepatitis B is the best-known form of viral hepatitis. It can be severe and often develops into chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B is spread by close personal or sexual contact with an infected person or by exposure to infected blood. Hepatitis C is usually spread by exposure to infected blood. It is the most common cause of transfusion-related hepatitis. It is also a common cause of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis D is the most serious and also the rarest form of viral hepatitis. It only infects people who also have hepatitis B. Many cases of hepatitis D are fatal and most commonly occur among intravenous drug users, who can be infected by sharing hypodermic needles. Hepatitis E often occurs in epidemics that can be linked to poor hygiene and contaminated water. It is particularly likely to lead to serious illness in pregnant women. The disease has been reported almost exclusively in developing countries.

填空题The Sandwich Generation Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. 1 In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are "sandwiched" in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household—a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them. There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75. 2 The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. It"s also more common for today"s young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support. 3 They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents" financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents" future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone. Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions. How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone"s privacy? 4 The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming. However, this time in life also has its rewards. 5 It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them. However, in order to survive this difficult period in their lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They can"t be totally selfless. A. Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family. B. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. C. People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues. D. Young adults feel sandwiched between their financial responsibilities and their desire to enjoy life. E. However the reality is often very different. F. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one"s parents or children.

填空题The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancel However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. 1 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the stroke, from other people"s cigarettes. 2 The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke. The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past. scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker"s health. 3 They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. 4 Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. 5 A. Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. B. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. C. Which smoke is called secondhand smoke. D. However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young. E. As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. F. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.

填空题The Process of Ageing At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is the least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor resistance which, though imperceptible (察觉不出的) at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us. (46) . If we escape wars, accidents and diseases, we shall eventually "die of old age", (47) .Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer. But there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are. Normal people tend to forget this process until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. "They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things "wear out". Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do; (48) . But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. (49) .But a watch could never repair itself it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction (摩擦). We could, at one time tune, repair ourselves well enough, at least to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power. (50) . If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 of the survivors to be reduced by half again.A. Some old people are oppressed by the fear of deathB. an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our graveC. and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energyD. This decline in vigor with the passing of time is Called ageingE. And old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mendingF. and this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person

填空题What We Take from and Give to the Sea As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it. We take fishes from the ocean—millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. 1 We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. 2 Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 3 Seaweed becomes food of many kinds—even candy, and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. 4 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the ocean while the salts are removed. The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea Garbage. 5 Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life. Water pollution does not only cause great environmental damage but is also the leading of deaths and diseases which should be responsible for the deaths of more than 14,000 people each day, mostly in developing countries. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever. We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late. A. Natural sponges become cleaning aids. B. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump. C. The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller. D. Along with salt, other minerals left after evaporation. E. We even use their bones for fertilizer. F. Some of its contents may cause illness.

填空题1. Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example. 2. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centred on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary. 3. The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalisation, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague. 4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的)nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when. 5. Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

填空题Bedwetting Millions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It's so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don't tell their friends, so it's easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. (1) The fancy name for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families. This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are asleep, there's a good chance that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. (2) The most important thing to remember is that no one wets t e bed on purpose. It doesn't mean that you're lazy or a slob. (3) For some reason. kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladder is full and don't wake up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that he's in the bathroom peeing — only to wake up later and discover he's all wet. "Many kids who wet the bed are very deep sleepers. (4) Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are dry on others. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend's or a relative's house. (5) So the brain may be thinking, "Hey, you! Don't wet someone else's bed!" This can help you stay dry even if you're not aware of it. A. The good news is that almost all kids who wet the bed eventually stop. B. Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log — they just stay asleep. C. It's something you can't help doing. D. Just like you may have inherited your mom's blue eyes or your uncle's long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too. E. That's because kids who are anxious about wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightly. F. But you are not alone.