填空题 For Love or Money Sports is one of the world's largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are well paid for their effort. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only not by economic background or family connections—sports can be route to wealth, and many athletes play more for money than for love. (1) In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath (花冠) of olive leaves. Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. (2) As time passed, however, the contests became increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. (3) In 1896, the Olympic games were received with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a ＄ 50 prize or an athletic scholarship, or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. (4) He was Spiridon Loues. He won the marathon race. After the race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a car and a horse. (5) But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, "Nobody pays any attention to these rules." Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic contestants are eager to sell their names to companies that make from ski equipment to breakfast cereals. A. Athletes won fame, but no money. B. This has not always been true. C. Then he gave up running forever. D. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met all these qualifications. E. Olympics has become the biggest games in the world. F. By the fourth century A. D. the Olympics were mined, and they were soon ended.

填空题More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at AIDS Conference Prevention is a central issue being discussed at the sixteenth International AIDS Conference in Toronto, Canada. Twenty-four thousand delegates are at the conference which ends Friday. Bill and Melinda Gates called for faster research to develop preventions like microbicides for women to use when they have sex. (1) Melinda Gates said the way to "change this epidemic" is to put power in the hands of women. In southern Africa, for example, about sixty percent of adults living with HIV are women. Bill Gates said women today often have no choice but to depend on men not to infect them. "A woman should never need her partner's permission to save her own life, " he said as the conference opened Sunday. (2) On Monday, former President Bill Clinton said more people would get tested for HIV if an aggressive effort took place to fight the stigma. But reducing fears of social rejection is not enough. (3) Researchers at the conference presented the results of a new study of HIV testing. It involved more than one hundred thousand people tested in California last year. Some received a quick test, with results in about twenty minutes. The others received a test that is more commonly used; the results takes two weeks. The researchers say twenty-five percent of the people who had the longer test did not return to learn the results. (4) George Lemp of the University of California led the study. He says quick tests could be especially important in developing countries with limited transportation. Speakers at the AIDS conference also discussed high rates of new HIV infections among black Americans. Julian Bond is chairman of the NAACP, a leading civil rights group. (5) Public health officials say half of all new HIV infections in the United States are in blacks. African-American delegates at the conference said they will prepare a five-year plan to reduce infection rates and increase testing. A. The chairman said African-Americans must, in his words, "face the fact that AIDS has become a black disease. " B. Mr. Clinton said people also need a guarantee they would get medicine to suppress the virus. C. Delegates at the conference have worked out an action plan to fight the wide spread of this terrible disease all over the world. D. They hoped that such products could protect against infection with the virus that causes AIDS. E. The world's richest man said "stopping AIDS" is the top priority of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. F. But that was true of only two percent of those who had the quick test.

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Clinical Trials 1 Many clinical trials are done to see if a new drug or device is safe and effective for people to use. Sometimes clinical trials are used to study different ways to use the standard treatments so they will be more effective, easier to use, and/or decrease side effects. Sometimes, studies are done to learn how to best use the treatment in a different population, such as children, in whom the treatment was not previously tested. 2 It is important to test drugs and medical products in the people they are meant to help. It is also important to conduct research in a variety of people because different people may respond differently to treatments. Some people participate in clinical trials because they have exhausted standard treatment options. Other people participate in trims because they want to contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge. 3 The FDA(食品及药物管理局)works to protect participants in clinical trials and to ensure that people have reliable information as they decide whether to join a clinical trial. Although efforts are made to control the risks to clinical trial participants, some risks may be unavoidable because of the uncertainty inherent (内在的) in medical research studies involving new medical treatments. 4 People should learn as much as possible about the clinical trials that interest them. They should also feel comfortable discussing their questions and concerns with members of the health care team. Prospective(预期的) participants should understand what happens during the trial, the type of health care they will receive, and any costs to them. Anyone considering a clinical trial should al so know that there are benefits and risks associated with participating. A. Why are clinical trials done? B. Where are clinical trials conducted? C. Who should consider clinical trials and why? D. What should people know before participating in a clinical trial? E. What are clinical trials? F. Are clinical trials safe?

填空题How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the Mind Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying... Arms. 1 If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. 2 If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you"re unhappy! Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. 3 Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still! Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. 4 This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don"t wish to show. 5 A. If you are feeling down, you normally don"t sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. B. If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this. C. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. D. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. E. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you"re not pleased. F. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.

填空题Caribbean Islands What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals (珊瑚) and even more colorful fishes and birds? You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the islands were formed by the eruption (爆发) of ancient volcanoes (火山). 1 The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. 2 The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea. 3 These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles. Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands. The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片) of exposed coral. You can see why pirates (海盗) such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. 4 The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year. 5 A. But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always painful. B. The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies. C. Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. D. They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships. F. There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.

填空题A. fall asleep again.B. become more energetic the following dayC. sleep less than 7 hoursD. confirm those serious consequencesE. suffer sleep problemsF. sleep more than 8 hours

填空题Old Man Myths and Realities 1. When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it"s when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt(生硬的)method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命)increases, retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago. 2. Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70 to 75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation. 3. Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc, but that"s really about all we know. 4. It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.

填空题Many Benefits from Cancer Organization 1. Do you know a child who survived leukemia? Do you have a mother, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Society"s research program. 2. Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take U.S. one step closer to a cure. The American Cancer Society has long recognized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. 3. As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the United States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946, they"ve invested more than $2.4 billion in research. The investment has paid rich dividends. In 1946, only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis; today 60 percent live longer than five years. 4. Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the country receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Society had more money available for research funding, could nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding be funded each year? 5. You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society Relay for Life, a team event to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer breakthroughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American Cancer Society at 451-4880.

填空题Public Relations Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases,designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. (46) Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts,government officials,and other noncustomer groups,it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to tip management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. (47) Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image,this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix. (48) Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department,as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. (49) The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function,whether within the company or an outside firm,can take care of public image problems and opportunities. (50) Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertising. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events,and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity,but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.A. Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.B. Furthermore,not all publicity is initiated by the firm；some can result form an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.C. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm,usually in the form of press releases or press conferences.D. Many factors impact on the public image.E. It surely causes heavy losses to the company.F. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences.

填空题About Eating Disorder The causes of eating disorders are not clear. There may be genetic or biochemical factors in some cases. There may be psychological problems from early childhood or the present (such as school or family conflicts) that trigger the problem. Often, there is the double pressure to enjoy life through food and yet remain ultra-slim. Society all around us encourages eating and drinking as main ways to enjoy life. To be popular, you are supposed to eat, eat, eat. But in real life most people, if they keep consuming like that, just keep pulling on more and more weight. They then find themselves in conflict with another dominant pressure in society—to stay slim and trim. Models in ads, even those shown eating fairy foods, are usually physically lit and quite thin. All of these pressures put teens in a terrible situation. The "solution" that some teens choose is to deny themselves all the time so as to keep temptation away. But soon, hunger and food boredom lead to overeating. Over time they develop anorexia (厌食症) or bulimia (暴食症). Once an eating disorder has become firmly established, there is no easy cure. Someone who"s never suffered anorexia and never known an anorexic might be tempted to think, "It"s simple—just tell them to eat more!" Unfortunately, it"s not that simple. Even when anorexics have been brought into the hospital and are receiving physical care, nutritional therapy, and psychiatric care, many don"t improve much. Our society"s obsession with thinness, together with a constant emphasis on the theme that rich food means pleasure, puts many teens in a difficult situation. Being drawn to overeating on the one hand and self-denial on the other can bring about anorexia or bulimia—or both. Anorexics seem to feel that no matter how much weight they lose, they are still too fat. Don"t compare yourself with the models and actors in the media. Set your sights more realistically by comparing yourself with family and friends, if anyone. Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image. Self-denial is the typical first step toward an eating disorder. Eventually, desires for what you"ve denied yourself become unbearable, and you react with either a binge or overly fierce self-control. The answer is not, of course, to eat all the snacks and treats you fancy. But to avoid that first step that leads to overeating, strive for a good and healthy diet. Such a diet is based primarily on grain products, fruits, and vegetables, with moderate amounts of meat and dairy products and with small amounts of snacks and desserts. Research demonstrates that this kind of diet leaves you more alert and energetic.

填空题Screen Test 1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey Australia, Canada, the U.S. and Spain, screen women under 50. 2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women"s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain"s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the U. N. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant" compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40% and 80% if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimize the technique" for breast cancer screening. 7. "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. "On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That"s why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme. "

填空题 The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech: It's a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer. And you don't have to lug a hand held device along with you for it to work. Logitech's technology works like this: The pen writes normally, using normal ballpoint pen ink. But while you are writing, a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing, mapping your writing via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this information the movement of your pen on the paper, basically—is then stored digitally inside the pen, whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in the pen's memory. As far as you are concerned, you are just using a normal pen. It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done, and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad, it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail, a "to do" task, or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downloaded you can view them, print them out or convert them to other formats. The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing, sharing and retrieving handwritten notes, as well as for handling diagrams, pictures and other non-text doodling. You don't have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just to whip out the pen and the special paper and you are off. It is a great product because it does not force you to work differently—walking around with a screen strapped to your arm, or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to, while the special notepads look and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar. The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx, for example, is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by hand—instead of punching letters into cumbersome devices. Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with it—transferring it wirelessly to a central computer, for example, or via a hand-phone. Doctors could transmit their prescriptions directly to pharmacies, reducing fraud; policemen could send their reports back to the station, reducing paperwork. A．A Friendly and Convenient Device B．Ways to Download the Stored Information C．Examples of Other Potential Applications of the Io Pen D．Customers' Passion for the Io Pen E．FedEx—the First User of the Io Pen F．Working Principle of the Io Personal Digital Pen

填空题A. Growth of Economy B. "Servant" Economy C. Strength of the Creative Economy D. Weakness of the Creative Economy E. Gift of talking F. Export of Talking Machines

填空题Exercising Your Memory Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go. That"s not to say that memory doesn"t change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime). Short-term memory isn"t mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes through life. It"s not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory. First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈的、迟钝的) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. It"s no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life. Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active—reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking—and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (保持力，记忆力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost—whether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.

填空题A. disease preventionB. health educationC. healthy behaviorD. unhealthy behaviorE. other health servicesF. many vaccines

填空题下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1) 第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中第2、4、5、6每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 Hypnosis(催眠) 1 Increasing numbers of American doctors are using a technique known as hypnosis. They say hypnosis often can help persons suffering pain and stress. It also can help speed the healing of bums, and treats some forms of asthma and some skin diseases. Hypnosis is not new. It has been used for many years both in scientific research and to please crowds at public gatherings, 2 Hypnosis is commonly described as a condition similar to sleep. But, experts say it is more a form of deep thought. The thought becomes so intense that it is longer just a thought. To the per son, it becomes reality. 3 Hypnotized patients are reported to have increased self-control and a reduced sense of pain. Some doctors use hypnosis to limit pain during a medical operation. Hypnosis is used mainly when the patient may have problems with usual anesthetic or pain-killing drugs. 4 Experts say there is little chance that a patient will awaken during such an operation. But, if this happens, the operation is temporarily halted, and the patient hypnotized again. Doctors may advise hypnosis for women who are giving birth. Dentists may use it in place of traditional pain-killing drugs, such as novocaine (麻醉药). 5 Hypnosis also has been used to treat burn victims. Researchers have found that bum victims who are hypnotized improve faster that those who are not. But, they are not sure why this happens. 6 Hypnosis can reduce or end a patient's pain. But experts say this does not mean the patient is cured. The problem that caused the pain still must be treated. 7 Experts also say persons cannot be forced to do something they would normally oppose. That is why hypnosis often is not effective in treating cigarette smokers and persons who eat or drink too much. The success of the technique depends on how much someone wants it to succeed. A. Hypnosis Can Reduce or End a Patient's Pain B. Why Hypnosis Is Not Effective in Treating Cigarette Smokers and Some Other Illness C. Hypnosis Can Treat Bum Victims D. The Definition of Hypnosis E. The Function of Hypnosis F. The Importance of Hypnosis

填空题下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。{{B}}What'sLackingin"Sicko"?{{/B}}Whenitcomestoeconomicdecisions,therearealwaystrade-offs(取舍).Gainonethingandyoulosesomethingelse.{{U}}(46){{/U}}ThecentralargumentofMichaelMoore'smovie"Sicko"-thatthecuretothenation'shealthcareproblemsisasingle-payersystem-ishardlynovelandiscertainlyworthconsideration,whetherornotyouagreewithit.ButincomparingtheAmericansystemwithsingle-payerplansofothercountries-Britain,France,CanadaandCuba-Mr.Mooreleftoutthetrade-offs,characterizingthosecountriesashealthcareparadises.{{U}}(47){{/U}}KurtLoder,thefilmcriticwhoisbestknownastheanchor(主持人)of"MTVNews,"wroteacritique(批评)ofthefilmforMTV'swebsite."'Sicko,'"hesaid,"doesarealservice"inportraying(描绘)victimsofAmericaninsurancecompanies-likethepeoplewhodiedbecausetheironlytreatmentoptionswereconsidered"experimental"andthereforenotcovered{{U}}(48){{/U}}When"governmentsattempttoregulatethebalancebetweenalimitedsupplyofhealthcareandanunlimiteddemandforit,they'reinevitablyforcedtorationtreatment,"Mr.Loderasserted{{U}}(49){{/U}}Mr.Lodercitedtheshortfilm"DeadMeat,"whichpresents,anecdotes(轶事)offailureintheCanadiansingle-payersystem.Initsone-sidedness,"DeadMeat"mighthavemadeforanicedoublefeaturewith,"Sicko,"andleftmoviegoerswithamorecompleteunderstandingofthecomplicationsofdecidingonahealthcaresystem.{{U}}(50){{/U}}Thisallmakesanotherwise"emotionallycompellingfilmnotnecessarilyanintellectuallysatisfyingone,"wroteDarrenBarefoot,aCanadianblogger(博客作者).A.Mr.Moorealsodecidedtoignoreproblemsinothercountries,likeFrance'shightaxesandBritain'scash-shorthospitals.B.Butthefilmasawhole,heconcluded,is"breathtakinglymeretricious(似是而非的),"inlargepartbecauseofitscharacterizationsofothercountries'healthcaresystems.C.Theproblemshavebeennoticed-andcriticismiscomingnotjustfromMr.Moore'sdetractors(底毁者).D.Hetickedoffanumberofnegativestatisticstocounterthepositive,onesofferedbyMr.Moore.E.Healthcareistheprevention,treatment,andmanagementofillness.F.Thisisparticularlytrueinhealthcare,amarketinwhichscarce(稀罕的)goodsareridiculouslyexpensive,butneededbyeverybody.

填空题The Open University in Britain 1 In 1963 the leader of the Labour Party made a speech explaining plans for a " university of the air"-an educational system which would make use of television, radio and correspondence courses. Many people laughed at the idea, but it became part of the Labour Party's program to give educational opportunity to those people who, for one reason or another, had not had a chance to receive further education. 2 By 1969 plans were well advanced and by August 1970 the Open University, as it is now called, had received 400,000 applications. Only 25,000 could be accepted for the four "foundation" courses offered: social sciences, arts, science and mathematics. Unsuccessful candidates were told to apply again the following year, when a foundation course in technology would also be offered. 3 The first teaching programs appeared on the air and screen in January 1971 , with clerks, farm workers, housewives, teachers, policemen and many others as students. Correspondence units had been carefully prepared and science students were given devices for a small home laboratory. Study centers have been set up all over the country so that students can attend once a week, and once a year they will spend a week at one of the university' s summer schools. 4 It has been nearly 30 years since the Open University started to offer courses. Now it is a very important part of the British educational system. Not only does it offer foundation courses like those mentioned above, it also carries out very advanced scientific researches, some of which lead to Master's or PH. D degrees. Many other countries have started similar educational programs following the successful example of the Open University in Britain.A. Progress since its foundingB. Special facilities of the universityC. Enrollment in the early daysD. Teaching staff of the universityE. Drawbacks of Open UniversityF. Start of Open University

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of and injury to the liver. The disease has many causes, including misuse of alcohol and drugs, but viruses are the most common cause. Researchers estimate that more than 300,000 cases of viral hepatitis occur each year in the United States. 2. Symptoms of viral hepatitis appear from two weeks to six months after exposure to the virus. The first symptoms are usually fatigue, poor appetite, and nausea. Pain in the abdomen above the liver and a slight fever are also common. After a few days, the person's urine becomes dark and jaundice appears. The jaundice and dark urine indicate the liver is not working properly. 3. Symptoms of viral hepatitis generally last two to six weeks. Severe cases can lead to liver failure and death. But most patients-even those with severe hepatitis-eventually recover completely. In some patients, the disease becomes persistent and is called chronic hepatitis. People with chronic hepatitis may experience mild, vague symptoms of fatigue and poor appetite. 4. There are five types of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis A is a highly contagious disease, but it is rarely fatal. It is also called infectious hepatitis. Hepatitis A is extremely common in developing nations. Outbreaks often occur due to unsanitary conditions, such as contamination of food or the water supply. 5. Hepatitis B is the best-known form of viral hepatitis. It can be severe and often develops into chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B is spread by close personal or sexual contact with an infected person, or by exposure to infected blood.6. Hepatitis C is usually spread by exposure to infected blood. It is the most common cause of transfusion-related hepatitis. It is also a common cause of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis D is the most serious and also the rarest form of viral hepatitis. It only infects people who also have hepatitis B. Many cases of hepatitis D are fatal, and most commonly occur among intravenous drug users, who can be infected by sharing hypodermic needles. Hepatitis E often occurs in epidemics that can be linked to poor hygiene and contaminated water. It is particularly likely to lead to serious illness in pregnant women. The disease has been reported almost exclusively in developing countries.

填空题A. diseases of the cardiovascularB. have a body shape that all people Will admireC. longer life-timeD. digestive system diseaseE. a shorter life spanF. pneumonia and influenza