填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1—4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}The Drink Your Body Needs Most{{/B}}1 Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.2 We lose water through urination (腓尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is an obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3 A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per'day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don't need.

填空题The Value of Motherhood In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her for her unselfish love". When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. (46) . The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more enough to make her horrified. (47) . They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested for disturbing the peace, interestingly. (48) .As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right." But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. (49) So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation. (50) . According to the Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."A. The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.B. But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood.C. Obviously, the best girl will be a phone call or a visit.D. According to a research by the US card company Halhnark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.E. As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.F. In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desir

填空题Crop Circle Mysteries They are giant geometric patterns, which appear over-night in a field of crops. Many people believe that they are made by aliens. 31 "Crop circle", as the mysterious patterns are called, became a hot phrase this month. 32 It"s believed to be the world"s first three-dimensional crop circle. The giant crop circle gives an impression of looking down on skyscrapers from above. 33 Crop circles were first widely noticed in the late 1970s as many mysterious circles began appearing in crop fields throughout the English countryside. People were intrigued by these giant patterns. They were huge (at least tens of meters in diameters) and popped up over-night. 34 Various scientific and pseudo-scientific explanations were put forward to explain the phenomenon. Some hold that they were left by alien spaceships. Others say that they are simply an elaborate prank. 35 To date, thousands of circles have been discovered all over the globe, from the former Soviet Union to Japan to Canada. A. A strange pattern 360 feet (110 meters) in diameter was discovered earlier this month in a wheat field in Oxfordshire, England. B. Others call them hoaxes. C. No one knew how or by whom they were made. D. The design"s discovery immediately generated a new tide of public interest in this mysterious phenomenon. E. Farmers often make crop circles for fun. F. But rather than discovering the truth, people saw increasingly complicated circles appear worldwide.

填空题Parkinson's Disease 1. Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells Break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3. Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation (便秘). In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills. 4. At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results. A. Tips for Patients with the Disease B. Common Treatment for the Disease C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease D. Typical Symptoms of the Disease E. Possible Causes of the Disease F. Definition of Parkinson's Disease

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有的位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案填在相应的横线上。 {{B}} Why do People Shrink?{{/B}} Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids? It's about a wacky dad (who's also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops!{{U}} (1) {{/U}}. For older people, shrinking isn't that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less), and this kind of shrinking can't be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or stow it down.{{U}} (2) {{/U}}. There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to collapse into one another.{{U}} (3) {{/U}}But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made.{{U}} (4) {{/U}}Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older people--especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with--are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit. Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act? You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don't worry, though.{{U}} (5) {{/U}}. A.They end up pressing closer together, which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter. B. Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again. C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced. D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking. E. The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size. F. But why does shrinking happen at all?

填空题1. Mind and body are two parts of a complex organism controlled by the nervous system, which acts on information received from the senses. The way a person perceives and reacts depends on his mood, his state of health, his diet, his body temperature and his level of consciousness. 2. There is considerable evidence that every thought or emotion has some related physical effect, and that every change within the nervous system should have some psychological effect. Although the precise nature of these correlations is not always known, the view that body and mind are constantly interacting in some way is now accepted by most psychologists. 3. The relationship between mind and body is particularly apparent in emotional states, especially those of fear and anger. When a person is in the grip of a powerful emotion his body undergoes changes, just as it does when he is asleep, ill or under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Most people are familiar with such sensations as a dry mouth when they are nervous, or a racing heart when they are afraid or excited. Such physical changes can be measured, for instance, by recording pulse rate and breathing, or by measuring the dilation of the pupils of the eyes. 4. a particularly sensitive measure of bodily change during periods of emotion is the galvanic skin response(GSR). This is used in the instrument known as the lie detector. The GSR depends on the fact that some mental activity produces bodily changes, such as sweating, which affect the skin's resistance to electricity. To measure GSR, electrodes are placed on the palm and on the back of the hand, and a weak current is passed between the electrodes. Changes in the current are recorded in an amplified form, often by means of an automatically controlled pen on moving paper. Other recordings, for instance of pulse, blood pressure and breathing, can be made simultaneously, by an instrument called a polygraph. 5. The galvanic skin response method has proved a very efficient indicator of general psychological arousal. Even slight embarrassment will cause a defection of the recording pen.

填空题 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 {{B}}Lowering the Risk of Heart Disease{{/B}} Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a history of heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}I grew up with heart disease. It was there, but I didn't take it seriously. When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol (胆固醇) level was measured for the first time. It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me — an extremely high level that put me at a very high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to be screened for participation in a clinical trial.{{U}} (47) {{/U}}At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery (动脉) up to the heart.{{U}} (48) {{/U}}Learning about the risks of the experiment as well as the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life. For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol.{{U}} (49) {{/U}}But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick. This was hard to take. This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong, I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family history, it could not be ignored.{{U}} (50) {{/U}}A．The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured.B．Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate.C．I was three years old at that time.D．There is not enough oxygen in the blood.E．It was a heart attack just waiting to happen.F．The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.

填空题UV Light Causes Skin Cancer Don't laugh if you hear about kids hiding in their basement this summer. They might have been frightened by a recent report from Europe that liquid sunscreens don't protect people from the sun's harmful rays. Researchers kept track of 631 children, some of whom used sunscreen and (46) . The researchers found that the kids who used sunscreen got more sun-caused moles than did the kids who didn't use sunscreen. Kids with sun-caused moles are more likely to develop skin cancer later in life. Did sunscreen harm the children? Probably not, the researchers concluded. They believe that the children relied too much on their sunscreen and stayed in the sun too long. Sunscreen is still safe to use, say skin experts, as long as it is used sensibly. Solar Cares Using sunscreen sensibly is more important than ever. Why? Skin experts like Martin Weinstock believe that (47) . Earth's ozone layer appears to be getting thinner. Ozone is a gas. In the upper atmosphere, ozone blocks much of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Polluting chemicals are thought to be destroying the ozone in some places. Even though the world's wealthy countries agreed to stop making polluting chemicals a few years ago, ozone is still disappearing. And that's bad news, skin experts say, because UV light causes skin cancer, and skin cancer is the most common kind of cancer in the United States. More than a million new cases of skin cancer are showing up in the United States every year. Scientists are looking at kids to reverse that trend. Why? Because getting too much sun when you're a kid seems to set the stage for getting skin cancer when (48) . According to Weinstock, three-quarters of all skin cancers might never develop if people under the age of 18 avoided overexposure to the sun. Glaring Facts What happens when skin meets sun? Light rays, which come in varying wavelengths, strike the skin. Visible light consists of wavelengths (49) . Ultraviolet light consists of waves too short to be seen. UV light comes in several varieties, among them UVB and UVA. UVB wavelengths are slightly shorter than UVA wavelengths. Scientists once thought that UVB light was harmful and that UVA light produced a healthful tan. But opinions have changed. Scientists still agree that UVB light causes sunburns. But now they suspect that both kinds of UV light damage the DNA of cells. Moreover, scientists believe that either UVA light or UVB light or both weaken the body's disease-fighting immune system. The body becomes less capable of repairing damaged cells, and such cells may go on to divide uncontrollably. In other words, (50) Three Little Words To help people avoid getting harmed by the sun, the American Cancer Society has summed up its advice in three words: Slip, Slop and Slap. The words are short for "Slip on a shirt! Slop on the sunscreen! Slap on a hat!"A. they may become cancerousB. people can seeC. you're olderD. UVA is different from UVBE. sunlight is growing more hazardousF. some of whom didn't

填空题Ebola Outbreak 1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus. 2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders. 3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable. 4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body"s inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body"s normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death. 6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world"s most fatal viral infections. Ebola"s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

填空题Obviously, recruiting voluntary bone marrow donors in mainland China is ______.

填空题Death Control A very important world problem—in fact, I am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems 26 —is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and resources. This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. By 2000, unless something desperate happens, there Will be as many as 7,000,000,000 people on the surface of the earth. So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime. Why is this enormous increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of 27 . Have you heard of birth control? Death control is something rather different. Death control recognizes the work of the doctors and the nurses and the hospitals and the health services in keeping alive people who, 28 , would have died of some of the incredibly serious killing diseases, as they used to do. Squalid conditions, which we can remedy by an improved standard of living, caused a lot of disease and dirt. Medical examinations at school catch diseases early and ensure healthier school children. Scientists are at work stamping out malaria and other more deadly diseases. If you are seriously ill there is an ambulance to take you to a modem hospital. Medical care helps 29 . We used to think seventy was a good age. Now eighty, ninety, it may be, are coming to be recognized as a normal age for human beings. People are living longer because of this death control, and 30 , so the population of the world is shooting up. A. fewer children are dying B. a few years ago C. what is coming to be called death control D. which face us at the present time E. making it possible for people to live longer F. to keep people alive longer

填空题 Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply without control, destroy healthy tissue, and endanger life. About 100 kinds of cancer attack human beings. The disease is a leading cause of death in many countries. In the United States and Canada, only diseases of the heart and blood vessels kill more people. Cancer occurs in most species of animals and in many kinds of plants, as well as in human beings. 2. Cancer strikes people of all ages but especially middle-aged persons and the elderly. It occurs about equally among people of both sexes. The disease can attack any part of the body and may spread to other parts. However, the parts most often affected are the skin, the digestive organs, the lungs, the male prostate, and the female breasts. 3. Scientists do not know exactly why cancer develops. Most experts agree that people develop cancer mainly through repeated or prolonged contact with one or more cancer-causing agents, called carcinogens. These agents include the tars in tobacco smoke, a variety of other chemicals, and certain kinds of radiation. In many cases, cancer can be prevented if a known agent is avoided or eliminated. The elimination of cigarette smoking, for example, would prevent most cases of lung cancer and about a third of all cases of cancer. Scientists also believe that some people may inherit a tendency to develop cancer. 4. Without proper treatment, most kinds of cancer are fatal. Only a doctor can diagnose cancer. But in many cases, a doctor is consulted only after the disease is far advanced. A person should therefore be alert to any physical change that may be a symptom of cancer. Early detection greatly increases the chances of a cure. 5. Cancer shows no symptoms in its beginning stages. But symptoms may appear before the disease spreads. The American Cancer Society lists seven such warning signals. They are: (1) Change in bowel or bladder habits; (2) A sore that does not heal; (3) Unusual bleeding or discharge; (4) Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere; (5) Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing; (6) Obvious change in wart or mole; (7) Nagging cough or hoarseness. A person who has any of these symptoms longer than two weeks should consult a physician promptly.

填空题 Ginseng Shows Benefits in Cancer Treatment Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, U.S. researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine. The studies reflect doctor's efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $36 billion and $46 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. "Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm," said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. "The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed," said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president elect of ASCO. "I think this is fascinating." Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. "We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile," said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing, who led the study. Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer ceils in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group. But Wendy Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. "It's a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitely say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer," she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer. In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different doses of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were "moderately better" or "much better". Only 10 percent of those taking a 750mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. "I wouldn't have predicted this, I have to admit," Davidson said in an interview. "We might want to test this in a large scale." The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants. A．The Motivation of Flaxseed Study B．The Study on Ginseng Displays Its Good Promise C．The Doctor's Responsibilities Led them to Carry Out These Two Studies D．Ginseng Is as Good to Cancer Patients as Flaxseed E．The Methods and Results of the Study on Flaxseed F．A Different Opinion on the Use of Flaxseed

填空题 Transport and Trade 1. Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the global. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 3. Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods, which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year, can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4. By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. A. Higher Living Standard B. Importance of Transport in Trade C. Various Means of Transport D. Birth of Transport-related Industries and Trade E. Role of Information in Trade F. Public Transportation

填空题Wash Your Hands The World Bank, the United Nations and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine did a study to urge hand-washing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand-washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease. Doctors say，many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These include pinworms (寄生虫), influenza (流行性感冒), the common cold, hepatitis (肝 炎), meningitis (脑膜炎) and infectious diarrhea (腹泻). Hand-washing destroys germs from other people, animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then these people can infect other people. The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean. The experts say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste, and after cleaning a baby. The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing. And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick. The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water. They say you do not have to use special antibacterial soap. Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds. The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse (冲洗) the hands with water and dry them.

填空题What"s Lacking in "sicko"? When it comes to economic decision, there are always trade-offs (取舍). Gain one thing and you lose something else 1 . The central argument of Michael Moore"s movie "Sicko"—that the cure to the nation"s health care problems is a single-payer system-is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration, whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single-payer plans of other countries-Britain, France, Canada and Cuba-Mr. Moore left out the tradeoffs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. 2 Kurt Loder, the film critic who is best known as the anchor (主持人) of "MTV News," wrote a critique (批评) of the film for MTV"s website. "Sicko," he said, "does a real service" in portraying (描绘) victims of American insurance companies-like the people who died because their only treatment options were considered "experimental" and therefore not covered 3 . When "governments attempt to regulate the balance between a limited supply if health care and an unlimited demand for it, they"re inevitably forced to ration treatment," Mr. Loder asserted 4 Mr. Loder cited the short film "Dead Meat," which presents anecdotes (轶事) of failure in the Canadian single-payer system in its one-sidedness, "Dead Meat" might have made for a nice double feature with "Sicko," and left movie-goers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system 5 . This all makes an otherwise "emotionally compelling film not necessarily an intellectually satisfying one," wrote Darren Barefoot, a Canadian blogger (博客作者). A. Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries, like France"s high taxes and Britain"s cash-short hospitals. B. But the film as a whole, he concluded, is "breathtakingly meretricious (似是而非的)," in large part because of its characterizations of other countries" health care systems. C. The problems have been noticed-and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore"s detractors (诋毁者). D. He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore. E. Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness. F. This is particularly true in health care, a market in which scarce (稀罕的) goods are ridiculously expensive, but needed by everybody.

填空题The Story of Lani Five-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning. "She"s very good about it" says her father David. Lani is alive today because of her father David, in more than one way; when she was one year old she received part of her father"s liver in a liver-transplant operation. Lani was born with a liver illness. 1 Doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live. The operation lasted 12 hours and needed two teams, one for the father and one for the daughter. 2 In these cases, the donor"s liver grows to normal size in about eight weeks. And the child"s liver becomes smaller. Lani spent three weeks in hospital after the operation. Because the receiver"s body tries to reject the new organ, the patient has to be given special drugs. 3 Although David left hospital after 10 days, he didn"t return to work until after three months. In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall, which is strong and full of muscle. It therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation. 4 So far, only 16 of these liver-transplant operations have been carried out in Britain. 5 Doctors say, "If possible, we prefer to take a liver from a dead don not, usually a parent." Lani still has to look after her health, and she gets more tired than other children of the same age, but doctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger. A. She had one operation when she was six weeks old, which was not successful. B. While these drugs are given, it is important that the patient does not catch any illness, trot even a cold. C. In this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250～300 grams, was removed from the father and transplanted into the daughter. D. David quickly recovered from the operation. E. However, they are more common in North America and Japan. F. David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year.

填空题It is wise of us to avoid _____ .

填空题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 {{B}}Napping to a Healthier Heart?{{/B}} 1. Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 2. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 3. The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure5 that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure. 4. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that person's treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 5. Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps. 6. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.

填空题A. you don't have to carry your laptop alongB. the information will be shown digitally on the penC. FedEx has special software to store your informationD. it works like an ordinary penE. you simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradleF. the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen