单选题Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.

单选题Keep your room tidy .

单选题This is his obligation to take care of the child.

单选题The Body Thieves In the early nineteenth century in Britain, many improvements were being made in the world of medicine. Doctors and surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the human body. Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable. However, surgeons had one problem. They needed dead bodies to cut up, or dissect (解剖). This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body, and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations. The job of finding these dead bodies was carried out by an unpleasant group of people called "body snatchers". They went into graveyards (墓地) at night and, using wooden shovels to make less noise, dug up any recently buried bodies. Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them. A body could be sold for between ￡5 and ￡10, which was a lot of money at that time. The doctors who paid the body snatchers had an agreement with them—they never asked any questions. They did not desire to know where the bodies came from, as long as they kept arriving. The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare. Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig up bodies from graveyards. They got greedy and thought of an easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up, they killed the poorer guests in Hare's small hotel. Dr Knox, the respected surgeon they worked for, never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled (勒死). For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because, unsurprisingly, the bodies of their victims were never found by the police. They were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1829. The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged. Appropriately, his body was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table, just like his victims. In one small way, justice was done. Now, over 150 years later, surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills. However, the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome (令人毛骨悚然的) help.

单选题Smoking Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

单选题Weight of Americans Americans still have been gaining weight, although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates (碳水化合物) which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively, have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize (新陈代谢) fat than it does to metabolize other foods. But cutting fat from your diet doesn"t necessarily mean your body won"t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there"s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight gain. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grains of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn"t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he"d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. "They don"t have any fat," he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce. Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Roils gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group"s yogurt label said "high fat"—the other, "low fat". The "low fat" yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. "People think they"ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences," says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. "But when they do that, they don"t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it."

单选题 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}} Florence Nightingale{{/B}} Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages. When Nightingale was 17, she told her family that she was going to help sick people. 'Her parents did not approved, but Nightingale was determined. She traveled to hospitals all over Europe. She saw that doctors were working too hard. She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care. Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people. Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more, they needed special training in how to take care of sick people. Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing. Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen during illness. These women cared for sick people in their homes. In 1854, England was fighting a war with Russia. No reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded. People demanded that something be done about it. A leader of government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals. So, in November 1854, Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital. She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself. At first, the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals. They did not believe that women could help. But in fact, the nurses did make a difference. They worked around the clock, tending the sick. Thanks to their hard work, many wounded soldiers survived. After the War, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes. Finally, in 1860, she started the Nightingale School for nurses. In time, thanks to Florence Nightingale, nursing became an important part of medicine.

单选题Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A. wasteB. buyC. sellD. use

单选题The director often says it is difficult to design a program that will meet the diverse needs of all our users.A. variousB. differentC. versatileD. distinguished

单选题One day last week he came to my house with a gloomy face.A. happyB. sadC. shiningD. angry

单选题The room is small but cozy.

单选题This book {{U}}embraces{{/U}} many subjects. A. adopts B. covers C: presses D. accepts

单选题His sole motive was to make her happy.

单选题California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality, now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦) of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016. But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology is to be used widely. A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites, which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth. The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geosynchronous (与地球同步的) orbit. Earth-based solar cells, by contrast, can only collect sun light during daytime and when skies are clear. "But space-based solar power must grapple (努力克服) with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space," says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. "If you"re talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth, it"s a tough go." he says. Cal Boer Man, Solaren"s director of energy services, says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down. "We knew we had to come up with a different, revolutionary design," he says. A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system"s weight, including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells, so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy. "But using minors introduces other challenges, including keeping the solar cells from overheating," says Schwartz. "You have to take care of heat dissipation (散发) because you"re now concentrating a lot of energy in one place," he says. According to the company"s patent, Solaren"s solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool. Though Boer Man says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work, it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy. Laws in California and other states require increasing use of renewable energy in coming years, he points out. "To meet those needs, we"re going to need all types of renewable energy sources," he says.

单选题Old and Active It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A 1 report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world. A healthy long life is the result of the 2 in social environment. Scientists are trying to work 3 exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be 4 from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we 5 any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret 6 in the Japanese diet that is particularly 7 to the human body? Another factor 8 to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate. Although longer life should be celebrated, it is 9 considered a social problem. The number of older people had 10 in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs. The country could soon be 11 an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked 12 , and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them. 13 the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a 14 of responsibility and mission in life. It"s important that the elderly play active 15 in the society and live in harmony with all generations.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} Acceptance of Chronic Illness For chronically ill patients, giving up the hope that they will get better may actually lead to more happiness, U.S. researchers suggest. "Hope is an important part of happiness, but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness," Dr. Peter A. Ubel from the University of Michigan Health System said in a university news release. He and his colleagues studied patients who'd just had a colostomy (结肠造口术), which means their colons (结肠) were removed and they had to have howe1 (肠) movements in a pouch (小袋) outside the body. At the time of the surgery, some patients were told the procedure was reversible and they'd have a second operation in a few months to reconnect their bowels. Other patients were told the colostomy was permanent. The patients were followed for six months, and the researchers found that those without hope of regaining normal bowel function were happier than those with reversible colostomies. "We think they were happier because they got on with their life. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," Ubel said. "The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed. They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. " The study, published in the November edition of Health Psychology, also may explain why people whose spouse dies often recover better emotionally over time than those who get divorced, the researchers said. That's because people whose husband or wife dies have closure (结束), while those who get divorced may still have hope for some chance of making up, they explained.

单选题 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}} New Foods and the New World{{/B}} In the last 500 years, nothing about people--not their clothes, ideas, or languages--has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine (饥荒)" of 1845--1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.

单选题What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard anything but common.

单选题He was beginning to feel uneasy about their visit.

单选题The government is debating the education laws.