单选题When the millionaire died, his son was left a lot of wealth.A. luckB. resourceC. propertyD. formation

单选题Please put up your hands if you have any questions. A. raise B. reach C. wave D. fold

单选题When she was invited to the party, she Ureadily/U accepted.

单选题 A Memory Drug? It's difficult to imagine many things that people would welcome more than a memory-enhancing drug. A memory enhancer could help eliminate forgetting associated with aging and disease. Furthermore, such a drug could help people remember past experiences more {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}and help us acquire new information more easily for school and at work. As scientists learn more about {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}},we are closing in on this tantalizing goal. Some of the most exciting evidence comes from research that has built on earlier findings linking LTP and memory to identify a gene that improves memory in mice. The gene makes a protein that assists the NMDA receptor, which plays an important {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}in long-term memory by helping to initiate LTP. Mice bred to have extra copies of this gene showed more activity in their NMDA receptors, more LTP, and {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}performance on several different memory tasks—learning a spatial layout, recognizing familiar objects, and recalling a fear-inducing shock. If these basic insights about genes, LTP, and the synaptic basis of memory can be {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}to people-and that remains to be seen—they could pave the way for memory-enhancing treatments. {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}steroids for bulking up the muscles, these drugs would bulk up memory. As exciting as this may {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, it also raises troubling issues. Consider the potential educational implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memory enhancers were available, children {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far more rapidly in {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}than they could otherwise. How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don't have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school—and as a result handicapped later in life? What are the potential implications of memory-enhancing drugs for the workplace? Imagine that you are {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}for a job that requires a good memory, such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers' names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities? Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}can't. The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a young man seeking just such freedom {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can't forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also interfere with an individual's ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience? We may find ourselves {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}these kinds of questions in the not-to-distant future.

单选题The Marketing Mix Marketing is a total system of business activites designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute want-satisfying products to target markets to achieve organizational objectives. This definition implies that the entire system of business activitiis should be customer-oriented, and a marketing program should start with an idea about a new product and should not end until the customer's wants are completely satisfied, which may be sometime after the sale is made. The combination of the four primary elements that comprise a company's marketing program is termed the marketing mix. The design, implementation, and evaluation of the marketing mix constitute the bulk of a firm's marketing effort. The four elements of the marketing mix are. ·Product—Managing the product ingredient includes planning and developing the right goods and/or services to be marketed by the company. Strategic decisions are also needed for changing existing products, adding new ones, and taking other actions that affect the assortment(分类) of products carried. Strategic decisions are also needed regarding branding, packaging, and various other product features. ·Price—Management must determine the right base price for its products. It must then decide on strategies concerning discounts, freight (货运) payments, and many other price-related factors. ·Distribution—Even though marketing intermediaries(中介)— primarily wholesalers and retailers are largely a noncontrollable environmental factor, an executive has considerable latitude when working with them. Management's responsibility is to select and manage the trade channels through which the products will reach the right market at the right time and develop a distribution system for physically handling and transporting the products through these channels. ·Promotion—Management needs to inform and persuade the market regarding a company's products. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity are the major promotional activities. The four ingredients in the marketing mix are interrelated; decisions in one area usually affect actions in the others. Each of the four also contains countless variables. A company may market one item or several—related or unrelated. The item may be distributed through wholesalers or directly to retailers, and so on. Ultimately (最后) ,from the multitude of variables, management must select the combination that will best adapt to the environment, satisfy target markets, and still meet marketing and organizational goals.

单选题The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research. A. encouraged B. fastened C. raised D. initiated

单选题You have to follow the guide whose {{U}}sole{{/U}} interest is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule.

单选题Many cities have restricted smoking in public places.

单选题Nevertheless, hand - washing is still your best defense against getting sick generally this fall - colds and other respiratory diseases are no fun, even if they don't sound as scary as swine flu. For that and other flu viruses, don't seek solutions at the sink: your best chance of avoiding H1N1 this fall is to get the vaccine once it becomes available. "At the sink" in the paragraph refers to the effort to avoid being infected by flu virusesA. before the disease becomes too serious.B. by hand - washing.C. by getting the vaccine.D. before you are surrounded by carriers.

单选题The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. A. take out B. repair C. pull D. dig

单选题 What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions. Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves. Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime. Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on is: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.

单选题 Some Things We Know about Language Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek. A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means 0f expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

单选题The dentist has decided to {{U}}take out{{/U}} the girl's bad tooth. A.dig B.draw C.pull D.extract

单选题A fundamental premise of a free-enterprise economic system is that all small businesses face difficult competition.

单选题Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very {{U}}worthwhile{{/U}}.

单选题U. S. States Do Poorly in Women"s Health Not a single U. S. state meets basic federal goals for women"s health, and the nation as a whole fails except in two areas — mammograms (乳腺X光照片) and dental (牙齿的) check-ups — researchers said on Thursday. Millions of women lack health insurance, and states make it difficult to enroll (加入) in Medicaid, the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor, according to the report. And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking-the leading cause of death in the United States. "The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals," reads the report, put together by the National Women"s Law Center and the Oregon Health & Science University. "These health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of women"s health." Of 27 measures examined by the group, from screening for diseases to actually treating them, the nation passes on only two, the researchers said. "The nation is so far from the health goals that it receives an overall grade of "unsatisfactory"," they wrote. The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general, the NWLC said. "State policy makers" piecemeal (一件一件做的) approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of women," Judy Waxman, NWLC Vice President for Health, said in a statement. "Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive, long-term approach to meeting women"s health needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families."

单选题A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation.

单选题 A Long and Expensive War By the Treaty of Paris of 1763, which ended the war with the French and the Indians, England gained possession of Canada and all the territory east of the Mississippi River. French influence on this continent thus came to an end; England now controlled most of North America. But the war had been long and expensive. England had many debts. George Ⅲ, King of England, after consulting with his advisers, decided that the American colonists (殖民者) should help pay some of the expenses of this war. A standing English army of 10,000 men had been left in the colonies(殖民地)for protection against the Indians. The English government also felt that the colonists should share in the expenses of maintaining this army. The result was a series of measure, the Grenville Program, passed by Parliament and designed to raise money in the colonies. Some of these measures were accepted by The colonists, but one in particular, the Stamp Act, was met with great protest. The Stamp Act required that’s tamps, ranging in price from a few cents to almost a dollar, be placed on all newspapers, advertisements, bills of sale, wills, legal papers, etc. the Stamp Act was one of the causes of the American Revolution. It affected everyone, rich and poor alike. Some businessmen felt that the act would surely ruin their businesses. Of all the voices raised in protest to the Stamp Act, none had greater effect than that of a young layer from Virginia-Patrick Henry. Henry had only recently been elected to the Virginia Assembly. Yet when the Stamp Act came up for discussion, he opposed it almost single handedly. He also expressed, for the first time, certain ideas that were held by many Americans of the time but that never before had been stated so openly. "Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be bought at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty(万能的) God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!/

单选题She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.A. persistedB. consistedC. resistedD. suggested

单选题Relieving the Pain "Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more, and start exercising. "The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work. Lumbar(腰部的)pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动的 )lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), the body' s"feel-good"chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body. Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. "It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names. " A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity. In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice train chi(太极) ,self-defense,and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours'physiotherapy(理疗)a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy,flexibility, and confidence,"explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment. /