单选题Cosmetic Surgery Surgery that can improve the way a person looks is becoming more and more popular in the United States. This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, and both men and women are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive (有竞争力的) in their jobs. Men especially are beginning to turn to face-lifts (面部拉皮手术), liposuction (taking fat out of the body), and implants (putting artificial parts into their bodies) to help them look younger. As companies downsize (缩编) and move younger employees into higher positions, older employees in their late forties and early fifties feel the need to look and act younger in order to stay competitive. These operations are not without dangers, however. One young woman had an eye operation to get rid of the bags under her eyes. She described her experience as terrible. She said, " When he started cutting, I was fully awake. Even though he"d given me an injection near my eyes, I saw everything." She went on to explain, "I knew I had to keep still because of what he was doing. He was scraping (刮) away fat underneath my eyes. It took about ten minutes. After he finished, I felt I couldn"t walk. I was so faint." Her troubles did not end after the operation for two weeks. Her eyes were swollen (肿胀的) and almost completely closed, and even dark glasses could not hide the side effects of the operation. Liposuction, taking fat out of the body, is probably the most popular cosmetic operation in the United States. It seems simple enough. First, a small cut is made over the place where the patient wants the fat removed. Next, a small pipe is put into the cut. A machine like a vacuum cleaner is then used to suck the fat out of the body. However, as one doctor explained, some problems can happen after the operation. He warned, "Irregular lumps and loose skin can reset from this operation. If it is not evenly done, liposuction can produce a very lumpy result." Patients often must have more liposuction to correct the problem.

单选题Weight of Americans Americans still have been gaining weight, although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates (碳水化合物) which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively, have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize (新陈代谢) fat than it does to metabolize other foods. But cutting fat from your diet doesn"t necessarily mean your body won"t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there"s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight gain. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grains of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn"t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he"d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. "They don"t have any fat," he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce. Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Roils gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group"s yogurt label said "high fat"—the other, "low fat". The "low fat" yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. "People think they"ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences," says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. "But when they do that, they don"t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it."

单选题Nobody can put up with his bad temper.A. standB. changeC. stopD. criticize

单选题He is not ordinary. He's a boy of {{U}}extraordinary{{/U}} talents.

单选题Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A. second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. "Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age, " Convit says. "And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition. " Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

单选题Helen will leave immediately .

单选题The girl felt very ______ about the new product.A. curiousB. angryC. worriedD. aware

单选题Medical facilities are being upgraded .

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} Some personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of one' s intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of cultivating these factors in young people. The so-called non-intelligence factors include one's feelings, will, motivation, interests and habits. After a 30-year follow-up study of 800 males, American psychologists found out that the main cause of disparities(差别)in intelligence is not intelligence itself, but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn, will-power and self-confidence. Though people all know that one should have definite objectives, a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents don't pay much attention to cultivating these factors. Some parents are greatly worried when their children fail to do well in their studies. They blame either genetic factors, malnutrition, or laziness, but they never take into consideration these non-intelligence factors. At the same time, some teachers don't inquire into these, as reasons why students do poorly. They simply give them more courses and exercises, or even rebuke or ridicule (训斥或奚落) them. Gradually, these students lost self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and give themselves up as hopeless. Others may go astray because they are sick of learning. The investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 percent of them were afraid of learning, because of examinations, 36.4 percent lack persistence, initiative and conscientiousness and 10.3 percent were sick of learning. It is clear that the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main obstacle to intelligence development in teenagers. It ever causes an imbalance between physiological and psychological development among a few students. If we don't start now to strengthen the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only obstruct the development of the intelligence of teenagers, but also affect the quality of a whole generation. Some experts have put forward proposals about how to cultivate students' non-intelligence factors. First, parents and teachers should fully understand teenage psychology. On this basis, they can help them to pursue the objective of learning, stimulating their will-power. The cultivation of non-intelligence factors should also be part of primary education for small children. Parents should attend to these qualities from the very beginning. Primary and middle schools can open psychology courses to help students overcome the psychological obstacles to their learning, daily lives and recreation.

单选题 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 {{B}} Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer{{/B}} Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer. Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet. New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body. Researchers at Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive: The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it. Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things may play a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat. The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine. And now we have more to tell you about our subject -- resveratrol. We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it. Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance -- again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 as mice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biologys appeared in the journal Cell.

单选题The secrets of sleep were a mystery for centuries simply because there was neither the means (51) them, nor the need. Only when candles gave way (52) gaslight, and gas to electricity, when man became able to (53) night into day, and double his output by working shifts round the clock, did people seriously start wondering (54) sleep could possibly be a waste of time. Our ability to switch night into day is very recent, and it is (55) if we will ever (56) want, or be able to give up our habit of (57) a good night's sleep. (58) , a remarkable research project in London has already discovered a few people who actually enjoy insomnia. Even chronic insomniacs often get hours more sleep. (59) they think. But, by placing electric contact (60) the eyes and on the head, it is possible to check their complaint by studying the tiny currents we generate which (61) the different brainwaves of sleep and (62) . This has shown that for some people seven or eight hours sleep a night are quite unnecessary. (63) recent work has shown that (64) sleep is bad for you, so that if you are fortunate enough to be born with a body which needs only a small (65) of sleep, you may well be healthier and happier than someone who sleeps longer.

单选题Chemical weapons are {{U}}banned{{/U}} internationally. A.listed B.forbided C.handled D.investigated

单选题Irradiating Food Irradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products. Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of. All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients. Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation—gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X rays—and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.

单选题With immense relief, I stopped running. A. much B. enormous C. little D. extensive

单选题The story was Utouching/U.

单选题Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis

单选题After seeing some of Louis Kahn"s architectural plans, Jonas Salk asked him to build a laboratory in La Jolla, California.

单选题The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have been developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as nature/nurture . Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patter, ns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of the behavior. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

单选题The governments of most seacoast nations print tidal tables showing the times of the tides at their main ports.