单选题The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.

单选题Food Safety and Foodborne Illness Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts are in response (51) an increasing number of food safety problems and (52) consumer concerns. Foodborne illnesses are (53) as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. Every person is (54) risk of foodborne illness. Foodbome diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem, both in developed (55) developing countries. The global (56) of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005 (57) 8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases. A great (58) of these cases can be attributed to contamination of food and drinking water. (59) , diarrhoeal is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children. In industrialized countries, the percentage of me population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be 10 (60) 30%. In the United States of America (USA, for example, around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases, (61) 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year. While less well documented, developing countries bear the brunt of the problem due to the presence of a wide (62) of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites. The high (63) of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing countries suggests major underlying food safety problems. In partnership (64) other stakeholders, WHO is developing policies that will further promote the safety of food. These policies cover the entire food chain from production to consumption and will (65) different types of expertise.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}} Changes in the American Family{{/B}} How much change has really occurred in the American family and what are the implications of these changes? First, the household size has changed greatly since 1790. From 1790 to 1978 the mean family size was cut in half from 5.79 persons to 2.81 persons. In 1790 almost 63 percent of all persons lived in the households of five or more people. By 1978 the size accounted for a little over 14 percent of all households. By the end of the 19th century a majority of Americans were living in urban areas, and the family was very much influenced by the rapid development of industrialization. With the arrival of immigrants, the urban population was increasingly heterogeneous(由不同成分组成的). This challenges the exclusiveness of any single family pattern. In the 20th century, the ideal American family consisted of a husband and wife living with dependent children. They lived in a household of their own provided for by the husband's earnings. The wife was responsible for emotional maintenance of the marriage and for raising the children and running the household. The major change in the family in this century has been due to married women entering the work force. This, at least for periods of time. has taken the woman out of her full-time involvement in the home. Of all husband and wife families about 40% have both in the work force at any given time. In the past the identity of the individual was submerged in the family. In general, reputation in the community came from the family. Today, however, whatever individuals achieve is usually assessed on its own merit, and family has little relevance. Individuals make it or don't make it essentially on their own. A sociologist describes another way in which the American family has changed. Today, in the Western world, the major burdens that are a part of the family system are emotional ones. But in the 19th century the family was much more involved with economic needs and tasks; family and relatives were valued for providing assistance during crisis.

单选题People who do not sleep enough tend to become {{U}}irritable{{/U}}.

单选题There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather. Colds are caused by viruses(病毒)harbored in the body, and you' re better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a toasty warm room, surrounded by friends, co-workers, or fellow students, who just may be passing the virus around. If you feel a chill when you're coming down with a cold, you're already sick. A chill is an early symptom: It's the cold that caused the chill, not the other way around. While the virus can spread through droplets propelled into the air when a cold-sufferer coughs or sneezes, surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission. Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are "caught" by hand contact. A cold-sufferer rubs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit. "Don't kiss me," she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand. The friend then wipes her own nose or eye--and several days later is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their child's discarded(丢弃了的)tissues and carefully throw them away, but fail to wash their hands afterward. Cold viruses also can be transferred to objects--telephones, towels, plates--and remain infections for up to three hours. Frequent hand-washing--on the part of the cold-sufferer as well as other members of the household--will minimize the spread of viruses in this way.

单选题He noticed that Joan was studying him closely, but her expression {{U}}gave away{{/U}} nothing of what she was thinking. A. revealed B. disposed C. reminded D. distributed

单选题Can we resume the meeting?

单选题A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.

单选题How can we Ureduce/U the risk of cancer?

单选题 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 {{B}}Study Confirms Red Meat Link with Bowel (结肠) Cancer{{/B}} People who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who eat less______(51) 20 grams a day, according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478,040 men and women______(52) 35 to 70 from 10 European countries. All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but ______(53) an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been reported. The subsequent analysis, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, confirms the long-held suspicion______(54) high intakes (纳入量) of red meat are associated with increased bowel______(55) risk. After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was______(56) with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken. Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated______(57) a 31 percent reduction in risk compared with eating less than 10 grams a______(58). Subjects with high red meat and low fish intake were at 63 percent higher risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish______(59). In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for______(60) people who ate a low fibre diet. Sheila Bingham, study investigator at the UK's Medical Research Council nutrition unit, said: "People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat______(61) risk of bowel cancer, but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a______(62) relationship." She added in a statement: "The overall picture is very consistent for red and processed meat and fibre across all the______(63) populations studied." Study coordinator, Elio Riboli, of the World Health Organisation International Agency for Research into Cancer, said: "Other risk factors for______(64) cancer include obesity (肥胖) and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play a ______(65). These factors were all taken into account in the analysis."

单选题The word "{{I}}Sunset{{/I}}" in the title of this novel most probably means

单选题Martin decided that he had no adequate proof.A. enoughB. convincingC. qualifiedD. appropriate

单选题In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that {{U}}arouses{{/U}} the bull. A. confuses B. excites C. scares D. diverts

单选题It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} American officials have announced rules to help prevent people from getting sick from the medicines they take. The rules require the medicines Americans use most to have information that is easy to read and understand. The officials say the new system will help people make more informed decisions about the drugs they use. More and more people use medicines known as over-the counter drugs to treat common health problems. Americans buy 5', 000,000,000 such products each year. About 100,000 over-the-counter drugs can be purchased in the United States without orders from a doctor. Many people decide on their own which drug to take, how to take it, and if it should be given to their children. Over-the-counter drugs are generally very safe. However, using them the wrong way can be dangerous. Officials say hospitals in the United States treat 170,000 people each year because the drugs make them sick. Studies estimate that half of these hospital visits could be prevented if Americans were better educated about the products. The Food and Drug Administration proposed the new rules two years ago. FDA officials say they worked with the drug industry and public interest groups to develop the requirements. The agency also received almost 2,000 public comments about the proposals. The new information should make it easier for people to identify active chemicals used in a medicine. This information will be listed at the top of the product container. The label also will list uses of the drug, warnings, and directions. Chemicals in the drug which are not active also will be listed. The reason for this is to let Americans select products that will not make them sick.

单选题The revelation of his past led to his resignation.

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}Effects of Exercise on Elderly Diabetics (糖尿病人){{/B}} Most older people with so-called type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) could stop taking insulin (胰岛素) if they would do brisk (轻快的) exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper. Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication (药物治疗) today. Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type 2 diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects' muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin worked. Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time, it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin," Dela said. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas (胰腺), controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes. Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise. Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.

单选题Hospital Mistreatment According to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, (1) threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school. The findings come from analysis of the (2) a l3-page survey mailed in January 1901 to 1,733 second-year residents. The survey and (3) appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Overall, out of the 1,277 residents (4) completed surveys. 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. (5) reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons (6) false medical records. Moreover. nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent (7) . More than 10% of the residents said they were (8) to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours (9) sleep was 37.6. The average on-call time during a (10) week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. (11) 30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they (12) belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being " (13) tasks for punishment, " " being pushed, kicked or hit, " and (14) someone "threatening your reputation or career, " were reported as a more (15) occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.

单选题John has Umade up his mind/U not to go to the meeting.

单选题The train came to an abrupt stop.