单选题An independent inquiry into out of hours services of family doctors in Scotland has concluded that the introduction of GP cooperatives has been a positive development that is benefiting both patients and doctors. The working group that drew up the report, however, has expressed some concern about the treatment of children and difficulties faced by some patients in arranging their own transport to travel to emergency centers. Improvements are being sought by the Scottish Office on these issues to improve the quality, fairness, and responsiveness of the system. The inquiry was prompted by the deaths of two babies in Ayrshire after the local cooperative, Ayrshire Doctors on Call, provided telephone advice but declined requests for home visits. Parents of the dead children criticized the cooperative for failing to send out a doctor. The parents supported a campaign that called for automatic home visits to be provided for certain groups of patients, such as children and elderly people. That idea has been rejected by the inquiry team, which said that neither patient nor professional groups accepted the value of policies that would provide automatic home visits. Instead, it is recommended that cooperatives carry out more effective monitoring of treatment for children, including reviewing complaints and critical incidents. The first GP cooperatives were formed three years ago to take over out of hours calls from individual practices, but they were established with different working practices. The report notes that variation exists in transport arrangements, with some cooperatives providing free transport to emergency centers and others requiring people often make their own arrangements. Health board have been ordered to report on the fairness of transport arrangements in their area. Guidelines are also to be introduced to ensure that cooperatives are working to similar high standards. They will include arrangements that will allow patients to make contact with an out of hours service with a single phone call. Initiatives are also planned to help GPs in rural areas who have been unable to benefit from the development of cooperatives. An extra 540 000 is being provided to pay for these developments.

单选题During the Second -World War, many Jews escaped to America.A. traveledB. fledC. flewD. ran

单选题 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}More Than a Ride to School{{/B}} The National Education Association claims, "The school bus is a mirror of the community." They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right — sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesl's bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesl's family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus. She says, "It's been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when you're a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important." Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company. Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy's outstanding record: "You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and hasa perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardy's reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus." Althouse further adds, "Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come." Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations. Liesl's mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy's bus to the Octorara School District.

单选题I expect that she will be able to {{U}}cater for{{/U}} your particular needs. A. supply B. reach C. provide D. meet

单选题His shoes were shined to perfection.

单选题One of the {{U}}qualifications{{/U}} we need in advertising is an original mind.

单选题 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} Medical bills in the United States have risen violently since 1960's and steps need to be taken to reverse this trend or the average American will not be able to afford medical care. The major factor in increasing the cost of medical care has been the dramatic increase in the cost of hospital services. The rise in the cost of hospitalization can be only partly blamed on inflation (通货膨胀)since hospital bills in the last two decades have risen at a considerably higher rate than inflation. Another factor cited by doctors as a major cause for the increase in the cost of medical care is malpractice(治疗错误). Increasingly large awards for malpractice have caused doctors to increase their rates to cover the higher malpractice insurance. Because of the large malpractice awards, doctors are also prescribing more conservative and more extensive and therefore more costly treatment for patients as a defense against malpractice claims. Whatever the causes of the wild increases in the cost of medical care are, the government needs to take strong action before it is too late for Americans.

单选题Drug Reactions — a Major Cause of Death Adverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association. "The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high, " say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as "any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy. " An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that "in 1994, overall 2,216,000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs. " This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America. And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures. The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year. Dr. David Bates of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. "When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, " Bates notes, "and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency. "He believes computerized surveillance systems — still works-in-progress at many of the nation's hospitals — should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors.

单选题We have got to abide by the rules. A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply

单选题Energy Resources Humans are using up the world's energy resources in a way no other animal has ever done. We use them to provide light and heating in our homes, to plough the land, to cook our food, to travel, to run our factories, and in countless other ways. Whether we are rural workers in a developing country or urban workers in a wealthy industrial country, we all need energy, although the sources of the energy and the amounts used vary greatly from one society to another. There are different forms or types of energy. Fuels such as coal, oil (petroleum), and wood contain chemical energy. When these fuels are burnt, the chemical energy changes to heat and light energy. Electricity is the most important form of energy in the industrialized world, because it can be transported over long distances via cables and transmission lines. It is also a very convenient form of energy, since it can power a wide variety of household appliances and industrial machinery. It is produced by converting the chemical energy from coal, oil, or natural gas in power stations. Energy resources fall into two broad groups: renewable and nonrenewable. Renewable resources are those which replenish(补充) themselves naturally and will either always be available hydroelectric power(水力发电), solar energy, wind and wave power, tidal energy, and geothermal energy (地热能) or will continue to be available provided supplies are given sufficient time to replenish themselves-peat(泥煤) and firewood. Nonrenewable resources are those of which there are limited supplies and which once used are gone forever. These include coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium (轴). Coal, oil, and natural gas are called fossil fuels(化石燃料) because they are the fossilized(使成化石) remains of plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years age. Burning fossil fuels releases chemicals that cause acid rain, and is gradually increasing the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, causing global warming.

单选题An independent inquiry into out of hours services of family doctors in Scotland has concluded that the introduction of GP cooperatives has been a positive development that is benefiting both patients and doctors. The working group that drew up the report, however, has expressed some concern about the treatment of children and difficulties faced by some patients in arranging their own transport to travel to emergency centers. Improvements are being sought by the Scottish Office on these issues to improve the quality, fairness, and responsiveness of the system. The inquiry was prompted by the deaths of two babies in Ayrshire after the local cooperative, Ayrshire Doctors on Call, provided telephone advice but declined requests for home visits. Parents of the dead children criticized the cooperative for failing to send out a doctor. The parents supported a campaign that called for automatic home visits to be provided for certain groups of patients, such as children and elderly people. That idea has been rejected by the inquiry team, which said that neither patient nor professional groups accepted the value of policies that would provide automatic home visits. Instead, it is recommended that cooperatives carry out more effective monitoring of treatment for children, including reviewing complaints and critical incidents. The first GP cooperatives were formed three years ago to take over out of hours calls from individual practices, but they were established with different working practices. The report notes that variation exists in transport arrangements, with some cooperatives providing free transport to emergency centers and others requiring people often make their own arrangements. Health board have been ordered to report on the fairness of transport arrangements in their area. Guidelines are also to be introduced to ensure that cooperatives are working to similar high standards. They will include arrangements that will allow patients to make contact with an out of hours service with a single phone call. Initiatives are also planned to help GPs in rural areas who have been unable to benefit from the development of cooperatives. An extra 540 000 is being provided to pay for these developments.

单选题They agreed to {{U}}modify{{/U}} their policy.

单选题Penguins do not suffer from the cold in Antarctica because their feathers secrete a protective oil. A. hide B. warm C. produce D. absorb

单选题{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} The idea of test-tube babies may make you starry-eyed with delight at the wonders of modern medicine or bleary-eyed with considering the moral/legal implications of starting life in a laboratory. But if you've ever been pregnant(怀孕)yourself, one thing is certain: You wonder what it's like to carry a test-tube baby. Are these pregnancies normal? Are the babies normal? The earliest answers come from Australia, where a group of medical experts at the Queen Victoria Medical Center in Melbourne have taken a look at the continent's first nine seemed to proceed according to plan, but at birth some unusual trends did show up. Seven of the nine babies turned out to be girls. Six of the nine were delivered by Caesarean section(剖腹产术). And one baby, a twin, was born with a serious heart defect and a few days later developed life-threatening abdominal problems. What does it all mean? Even the doctors don't know for sure, because the numbers are so small. The proportion of girls to boys is high, but until there are many more test-tube babies no one will know whether that's pure coincidence(巧合)or something special. The same thing is true of the single heart defect; it usually shows up in only 15 out of 60,000 births in that part of Australia, but the fact that it occurred in one out of nine test-tube babies does not necessarily mean that they are at special risk. One thing the doctors can explain is the high number of Caesareans. The Australian researchers report that they are quite encouraged. All the babies are now making nomal progress--even the twin with the birth defects.

单选题{{U}}Blend{{/U}} the sugar, flour, and eggs together.

单选题You will be meeting her Upresently/U.

单选题Need for Emphasis on Treatment AIDS programs in developing put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440.000 people in developing countries were receiving treatiment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report. "Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death," the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report. WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs. "Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease," Lee said. "By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss, "he added. Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150. Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available. Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said. Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} Sleep Deficit(不足) Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to. " says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. " By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous. " "Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep," researchers say, "is the complexity of the day. " Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. "In our society, you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep. If you've got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition. " To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or re call a page read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, perform ance suffers," says Dr. David. "Shot-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.

单选题Gambling is lawful in Nevada.

单选题We all think that Mary's husband is a very Uboring/U person.