单选题American society is not nap(午睡)friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven~" Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "we have to totally change our attitude toward napping", says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was a important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness people causing industrial accidents of failing asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the Whiter House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze(打瞌睡 )every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a mid-afternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of snooze don't nap to replace lost shuteye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds and in libraries, offices and museums.

单选题{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}Is the Tie a Necessity?{{/B}} Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol 'of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties? Maybe. Last week, the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities (知名人士) without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past. For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion. But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band". The term could mean anything around a man's neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear (颈饰) impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled (流放) to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him. It wasn't, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19(上标)th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen. But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.

单选题The father was unwilling to give his son the keys to his car.

单选题Every year millions of women are screened with X - rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X -rays because their breast tissues is denser. What will happen if breast cancer is diagnosed early enough?A. It will be treated successfully.B. It will still develop to be fatal.C. It will recover without medical treatment.D. it will not recover even with medical treatment.

单选题How does water scarcity (缺乏) affect people? First of all, it (51) their health. It is not that they will die (52) thirst; rather, the poor quality of the water (53) for cooking and drinking may make them ill. (54) our bodies require water to treat waste products, plentiful water is required for propersanitation (卫生) -water (55) for much of mankind is simply not available. (56) people without adequate sanitation rose from 2.6 billion in 1990 to 2.9 billion in 1999. And sanitation is literally a matter of life and death. In a (57) statement, United Nations officials warned:" When children lack water that is fit (58) drinking and sanitation, virtually every aspect of their health and development is (59) ." Food production is (60) on water. Many crops, of course, are watered by rain, but in recent times irrigation has become the key: (61) the world' s booming population. Today 36 percent of the world's harvest depends on irrigation. If plentiful water flows out of every tap in our home and if we have a clean toilet (抽水马桶) that conveniently washes out waste, it may be (62) to believe that the world is running (63) of an adequate supply of water. We should remember, however, that only 20 percent of mankind enjoy such (64) . In Africa many women spend as much as six hours a day (65) water.

单选题Patricia stared at the other girls with {{U}}resentment{{/U}}.

单选题We have got to Uabide by/U the rules.

单选题We consume a lot more than we are able to produce.

单选题When machines become outdated there is a tendency to move them into other departments that have not previously been computerized.A. advancedB. out-of-dateC. modernD. cool

单选题Regeneration of a part of the body is impossible without

单选题Police have still found no {{U}}clues{{/U}} as to the whereabouts of the missing child.

单选题Alice Walker's graphic depiction of the lives of Black people in the south has established her as one of the most promising contemporary writers in the United States.A. optimisticB. humorousC. somberD. vivid

单选题It seems {{U}}highly{{/U}} unlikely that she will pass the exam.

单选题They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. turnedD. reformed

单选题Learning to Forgive To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge . But forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. "People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness," says Frederic Luskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good . "So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital." So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. "Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love," Luskin says. Don"t wait for an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing," Luskin says. "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don"t see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time." Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. "Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you," Luskin says. Try to see things from the other person"s perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender"s point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns. Don"t forget to forgive yourself. "For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge," Luskin says. "But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don"t do it."

单选题Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality.

单选题Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart According to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery. They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure). The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump (用泵抽运) more blood than the others. According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these results could revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better. All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scientists measured their ejection fraction (射血分数). This is a measure of heart performance; you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle (心室). Healthy people"s ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under35%. They all had by-pass surgery (搭桥手术) performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%. No side effects were reported. Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the UK alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant. Current treatments relieve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

单选题Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to. Children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy. Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years. Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining. At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students, first of all, want to find a way to "belong in their own comer of campus". Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings. "I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends." All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten up their resmne'," said Heitner. "At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles." But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy. "Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference," Fangmeyer said.

单选题 Changes in Museums Museums have changed. They are no longer places that one "should" visit, they are places to enjoy and learn. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan (大城市的) Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music. At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently, you can help make a bone-by-hone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur(恐龙), a beast that lived 200 million years age. More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. Leon F. Twiggs, a young black professor of art once said, "They see things in a new and different way, They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate(参加) in." The same is true of science and history.

单选题All the people assembled at Mary"s house.