单选题Bears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common----although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother. The key to a bear's survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears----their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees. Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear's body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arcticground squirrel drops from 38℃ to as low as -3℃.

单选题 Blue collar and government jobs are among the most {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}careers for U.S. graduates, according to U.S. News magazine's 2008 Best Careers report. U.S. employers are increasingly offshoring professional jobs. This means less jobs {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}college-graduate skills, the magazine says. As in many other countries, U.S. high school students are told that college is the {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. So there's a growing {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}of skilled people in jobs that don't require a college education. But the report also says that some rewarding blue-collar careers, such as technical work in the biomedical equipment and security systems sectors, are more {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}to college graduates. These are more knowledge-based than the usual blue-collar jobs. Government is becoming an employer of {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Corporations, fueled by pressures to compete globally, continue to get ever {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Non-profit organizations are increasingly strapped for cash. Government is able to pay employees well,{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}their practices are economically sound, the magazine says. The report also indicates that social {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}may be the enemy of contentment in career. People are flocking in greater numbers to careers in the law, medicine and architecture. Yet recent surveys of job satisfaction in those professions {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}a less-than-rosy picture.

单选题Passage Five If the universality of immersion-style language programs, emergency test prep classes, tired college kids is any indication, cramming (临时抱佛脚) is a wildly popular study strategy. Professors frown upon it yet conspire by squeezing vast topics like "Evolution" or "World history 1914 to present" into the last week of a course. So is cramming effective or not? A new study by UC-San Diego psychologists confirms what you may suspect deep down: The answer is no. Hurried memorization is a hopeless approach for retaining information. But it's not all bad news. The team offers a precise formula for better study habits, and it doesn't necessarily need dogged discipline and routine. To arrive at their prescription, the scientists tested the "spacing effect" on long-term memory. In other words, they wanted to know how the time gap between study sessions influences the ability to remember material on test day. They asked 1,354 volunteers to memorize 32 trivial facts, such as "Who invented snow golf?." (Rudyard Kipling) and "What European nation consumes the most spicy Mexican food?" (Norway). Participants reviewed the answers anywhere from several minutes to several months after first learning them, and then were tested up to a year later. The findings? Students perform better when they space their study sessions rather than when they try to cram everything into their heads during one sitting. But for those who must cram, timing is everything. According to the researchers, if you have only one date on which to study, choose a day that's closer to when you first learned the material than when you take the test--but not too close. For instance, if you have a French lesson on Monday and a quiz the following Monday, you should study on Wednesday for maximum retention. Tuesday is too early and Sunday is too late. If you want to remember something for a year, wait about a month to review what you learned. Hal Pashler, one of the lead authors, suspects that most crammers don't realize the error of their ways. "Even in the scientific community, cram-type summer courses on new research methods are extremely popular," he told me in an email. And I have never heard people who take these courses even notice the fact that they are a perfect prescription for rapid forgetting./

单选题However, the nature of online ______ is such that we tend to be more honest, more intimate. A. interruptions B. interpretations C. imaginations D. interactions

单选题 Passage Five We wouldn't have imagined it? After years on top, Nike suddenly looks like a world-class marathoner who, in mid-race, questions whether he's got what it takes to keep on running. Nike's symptoms of distress: a global glut of shoes, flat sales in key market, and declining profits. Moreover, the global brand champ that captured its own winning corporate mindset with the "Just do it" ad slogan has a new pitch. "I can"— to which investors seem to be restoring. "No, you can't." Losing faith, they have knocked Nike stock from its all time high of $76 about a year ago to a recent $46. What happened? While Nike has tripped on fickle fashion trends and heightened competition before, its main obstacle today appears to be its own success. Here's why: Big-brand backlash. When he founded Nike in 1972, CEO Phil Knight contended that "if five cool guys—the best and most popular athletes—wore his shoes, other people would want to as well. The strategy worked wonderfully, of course, and now Nike controls an astounding 47% of the U.S. athletic shoe market. But the brand has become too common to be cool. "I call it the Izod syndrome." says John Horan., publisher of Sporting Goods Intelligence, referring to the once-hip golf shirt. "Nike is everywhere." Brand expert Watts Wacker, chairman of the consulting firm First Matter, believes that the ubiquity of the Nike logo —the over—Swooshing of America—turns off important core consumers, the 12-24-year-olds. "When I was growing up: we used to say to that rooting for Yankees is like rooting for U.S. Steel," Wacker says. "Today, rooting for Nike is like rooting for Microsoft." The Marlboro mistake. Indeed, many cool-conscious youngsters have gravitated to other brands such as Adidas (which sells sneakers at lower prices) and Timberland (a leader in the outdoorsy "brown shoes" trend). Instead of responding with hotter products or lower prices, Nike did what many overconfident giants do (think Marlboro, pre-Marlboro Friday): It raises its price ahead of inflation. "Retailers loaded up, but the products weren't necessarily reaching consumers' closets," says Josie Esquivel, who follows Nike for Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. Now, Nike is paying with price cuts—in the 50% range—last tear's models (except the irrepressible Air Jordan line). The (Asian) economy, stupid. Nike's inventory glut is messiest in Asia, largely because the company operates few outlet stores there. (In the U.S. Nike sells almost half of its leftover shoes through its 41 factory stores and the rest through discounters like T. J. Max) Also, Nike was particularly ill prepared for Asia's economic collapse because Knight has long believed his company's sales are recession-resistant. Management expected revenues in Asia to almost double this year, from $1.2 billion, but retailers canceled orders at alarming rates. It looks as though sales will rise marginally at best. Waffling on Wall Street. Nike worsened its woes by failing to acknowledge them soon enough. "Early last year, there was a major crack I the day," says analyst Esquivel. "It took them over two months to say, 'Oops, we have problems." She lowered her rating on the stock from buy to hold last May just before Nike warned that profits would fall short of expectations. As more negative news followed, Some analysts complained that management was hard to reach for information. One executive, CFO Robert Falcone, antagonized major shareholders and left in January. Will Nike get back up to speed? Probably it's one of the world's most powerful brands, and Knight is resilient as well as smart. But the recovery will be long and painful. Knight and his senior managers are currently working on a plan to close facilities and reduce Nike's work force worldwide. A big restructuring charge will hit profits hard this year, and growth will likely be slow during the few years. In order to recover, Nike will certainly need flesh products to excite bored consumers. "The lineup for the coming year looks OKEY," says Ralph Parks, president of Foot Action, the second—largest athletic—shoe specialty retailer. "It looks better than 1997's, but I'm not sure that core consumer is quite ready to jump back in." Most important, Nike needs a new vision of itself and its brand. This task belongs to Knight, who turned 60 a few weeks ago and says he plans to work until he dies. That's a good thing, because the boss's favorite motto "There is no finish line" seems more appropriate now than ever.

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单选题The city council decided to set up a school devoted {{U}}exclusively{{/U}} to the needs of problem children. A. forcefully B. externally C. reluctantly D. entirely

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单选题Howcanthenewtechnologypredictthecomingearthquake?A.Itcanfindsmallchangesbelowgroundbeforetheearthquake.B.Thedevicesareplacedmuchdeeperbelowground.C.Thenewelectricaldevicesarehighlysensitive.D.Itcanhelpfindtheearthquake-pronearea.

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单选题The prodigal son spent his money economically and soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar.

单选题Businesses of all sizes possess some type of ______ culture consisting of a set of values and goals.

单选题Innovation. It's what got us through the Dark Ages. But over the years, instead of moving forward, some scientists and inventors have taken a few steps back. This article is dedicated to all the men and women who knew they'd never find a cure for the common cold, so they aimed much, much lower. Here are some of the winners. PEACE PRIZE—researchers from the University of Bern, Switzerland, for determining which hurts mor—being smashed over the head with a full bottle of beer or with an empty bottle. An inherent problem in an experiment of this nature is finding volunteers who will agree to be brained with a beer bottle in the name of science. The scientists overcame this obstacle by dropping steel balls onto full and empty beer bottles. They found that the empties were stronger than their full brethren because the gas pressure from the liquid produces additional strain on the glass. Needless to say, full or not, beer bottles can cause a whole lot of hurt, which is why the scientists advocate prohibiting them "in situations that involve risk of human conflicts." VETERINARY MEDICINE PRIZE—researchers from Newcastle University, the United Kingdom: for showing that cows that have names give more milk than cows that are nameless. It turns out our attitudes make a difference. Being friendly and remembering a cow's name can increase milk yield by 258 liters a year. This came as no surprise to farmers, one of whom told the researchers that cows "hurt and love like anyone else." BIOLOGY PRiZE—researchers from Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences in Japan, for demonstrating that kitchen refuse can be reduced by more than 90 percent by using an enzyme (酶)-producing bacteria extracted from the waste of giant pandas. While this has potential applications—reducing garbage and waste—it still raises the question. How did it dawn on someone to try this experiment? And, of course, if one of your aims in ridding yourself of garbage is to get rid of the bad smell, adding panda waste to it is not likely to help.

单选题 In 1977 Irene Pepperberg did something very bold. At a time when animals still were considered automatic in behavior, she set out to find out what was on another creature's mind by talking to it. At that time, many scientists believed animals were incapable of any thought. They were simply machines, robots programmed to react to stimuli but lacking the ability to think or feel. "That's why I started my studies with Alex," Pepperberg said. Alex was a one-year-old African gray parrot Pepperberg bought in a Chicago pet store. She let the store's assistant pick him out because she didn't want other scientists saying later that she'd intentionally chosen an especially smart bird for her work. Given that Alex's brain was the size of a shelled walnut, most researchers thought Pepperberg's interspecies communication study would fail. Under Pepperberg's patient instruction, Alex learned how to use his vocal tract to imitate almost one hundred English words. They were clearly a team-- and because of their work, the notion that animals can think is no longer so fanciful. Since Alex was able to produce a close approximation of the sounds of some English words, Pepperberg could ask him questions about a bird's basic understanding of the world. Of course she couldn't ask him what he was thinking about, but she could ask him about his knowledge of numbers, shapes, and colors. To demonstrate, Pepperberg took a green key and a small green cup from a basket on a shelf. She held up the two items to Alex's eye. "What's same?" she asked. Without hesitation, Alex's said. "Co-lor." "What's different?" Pepperberg asked. "Shape," Alex said. His voice had the digitized sound of a cartoon character. But the words--and what can only be called the thoughts--were entirely his. And, then, as if to offer final proof of the mind inside his bird's brain, Alex spoke up. "Talk clearly!" he commanded, when one of the younger birds Pepperberg was also teaching mispronounced the word green. "Talk clearly!" "They need to be able to distinguish colors to know when a fruit is ripe or unripe," Pepperberg noted. "They need to know the shapes of their enemies. And it helps to have a concept of numbers if you need to keep track of your flock. For a longlived bird, you can't do all of this with instinct; {{U}}cognition{{/U}} must be involved."

单选题WhatdoesthewomanthinkaboutHarriet?A.Sheisalwaysstupid.B.Sheisalwaysconcentrated.C.Sheisalwayscareless.D.Sheisalwaysabsent-minded.

单选题This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas study. A. frustrated B. formulated C. fabricated D. facilitated

单选题Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things many be called the symbolic process. Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value. Almost all fashionable clothes are {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}symbolic, so is food. We {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}our furniture to serve {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses on the basis of a feeling that it "looks well" to have a "good address." We trade perfectly good cars in for {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}models not always to get better transportation, but to give {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}to the community that we can afford it. Such complicated and apparently {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, "why can't human beings live simply and naturally." Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}of such live as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no reason for wanting to {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}to a cat -and to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process so that instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

单选题Which of the following is NOT true?