单选题 For years, France proudly resisted establishing domestic smoking bans. It held out longer than Britain, Spain and Italy, but on January 2, 2008, it finally forbid cigarettes in bars, cafés, restaurants and clubs. This was not a decision taken lightly. Magazines ran photo-spreads reminding us that French people look seriously cool with a cigar in their mouth. There were illustrations of Charles de Gaulle, the French president during World War Ⅱ, Brigitte Bardot, the 1950s famous fashionist, and the famous French philosopher and writer, Jean-Paul Sartre. Even the present President Nicolas Sarkozy, extremely image-conscious, posed for Paris Match magazine with a fat cigar. But now, France's traditional "café-clope" (morning coffee and cigarette) is only possible if people can bear the freezing temperatures outside. In the latter part of the 20th century, the health risks of second-hand tobacco smoke were made public. Then, in 1975, a modern wave of smoking bans started in Minnesota, the U.S.. Since then, many countries and regions have joined in the movement. Among them, the U.S. has been a pioneer, with California being the first in the world to ban indoor smoking at all public places, including bars and restaurants. Thus some French people call the non-smoking law issued on January 2 "a touch too American". However, studies before the ban showed that 70 percent of French people supported the enforcement. The public's positive response means that the smoking ban will be just one more U.S. trend accepted by French society. Even among strong smokers, no one wants to risk a fine. French barman Jean-Michel, dressed in a leather waistcoat and a cowboy-style shoelace tie, complained harshly about the ban. Was he anticipating a smokers' revolt? "No," he said calmly. "People will respect it. I'll do what I did at school. I'll smoke in the toilets." According to the non-smoking law, individuals who smoke in bars, cafés, restaurants or clubs can be fined up to 450 euros. The owners of these places can be fined up to 750 euros if they fail to stop customers from smoking.

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单选题The shop-owner took a loaf of______-crusted bread and handed it to the child. A. fragile B. crisp C. vague D. harsh

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.{{/I}} Public goods are those commodities from whose enjoyment nobody can be{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}excluded. Everybody is free to{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}the benefits of these commodities, and one person's utilization {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}the possibilities of anybody else's enjoying the same goods. Examples of public goods are not{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}one might expect. A flood control dam is a public goods. Once the dam is built, all the people living in the area will benefit{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}their own contribution to the construction cost of the dam. The same{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}true for highway signs or aids to navigations. Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively excluded from the{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}the lighthouse for navigational purposes. National defense is another example. Even a person who voted against military expenditures or{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}taxes will benefit from the protection afforded. It is no easy task to determine the social costs and social benefits associated with a public good. There is no practicable way of{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}drivers for 100 at highway signs, sailors for watching a lighthouse, and citizens for the security provided to them through national defense. {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}the market does not provide the necessary signals, economic analysis has to be substituted for the impersonal judgment of the market place.

单选题If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life. A. submissive B. resistant C. tolerable D. committed

单选题My supervisor, gentle and friendly, made me feel {{U}}at ease{{/U}} from the first meeting with him. A. at large B. at length C. at random D. at home

单选题The difficulties facing these hikers stem from the bad weather they have been having.

单选题Folk sayings______us into the complex and subtle values that characterize culture into which we are born. A. initiate B. compress C. alleviate D. originate

单选题The young man who came to the door---- he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---- didn't seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one's early childhood---- a sunlight encountered later only in one's dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace, and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect ----and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give ----and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow, but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and read more of what I had written, than I had expected, and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversations, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I don't know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no ----the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him ---- his worshipers joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.

单选题The politician urged that every citizen______to the polls on the Election Day. A. goes B. went C. must go D. should go

单选题{{U}}In the light{{/U}} of the current news his argument seems to be well grounded and convincing. A. On account of B. By means of C. With regard to D. In view of

单选题Passage Two The Pony Express is an outstanding example of courage, endurance, and determination in the westward expansion of the United States. Caught between warring soldiers and Indians, the Pony Express carried important communications 2,000 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, in ten days. The Pony Express made its first historic run in April 1860. Despite its long-lived reputation, it lasted only 18 months, until October 1861; The Pony Express was a fast, efficient operation, but even with its high prices (averaging $1 to $5 an ounce and sometimes totaling $1,000 in receipts in a single day), it failed completely as a financial venture. Its expenses far surpassed receipts. Even though the Pony Express was credited with helping to keep California in the Union at the outbreak of the Civil War, the organization never received any financial assistance from Congress. More than 190 stations were built for the Pony (as, it, was familiarly called). Five hundred horses and 80 riders were useD. Most of the riders were seasoned scouts and skillful guides; all were expert horsemen. Each rider changed horses three times in his 90-mile shift per day, covering some of the most dangerous territory in the West. The ponies were usually half-breed California mustangs quick and full of endurance. The basic equipment of the Pony Express—a leather vest, or mochila, containing the mail— was placed over the saddle of the animal. Designed for its lightness and ability to be transferred quickly from horse to horse, the mochila had four leather cantinas, or boxes, sewn to it to carry the mail. Openings in the front of the mochila allowed it to fit snugly over the saddle, yet when a rider came into a station, he had only to jerk free the mochila and throw it onto another saddled, fresh horse, and he was on his way. To ensure the privacy of the mails, the four pockets containing the letters, which were wrapped in oiled silk for protection, were locked from St. Joseph to Sacramento.

单选题Children of parents who did not go to university are probably more reluctant to ______ secondary education than those who did.

单选题Finally she decided to do something ______ the thing she disliked ______ herself. A. with...in B. about...for C. about...about D. for...by

单选题A glimpse ______our solar system reveals the neighborhood outside the sun's influence is stranger than expected. A. into B. at C. by D. beyond

单选题For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil-oil that may never ______. A. run out B. work out C. turn out D. call out

单选题 We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. One might say, "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" "And Paul—why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late. Why are we wrong about our friends—or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone says to you, "You are a lucky dog". There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" he puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck. "Just think of all the things you have to be thanking for" is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you have not got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with his tone of voice, his posture, the look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. Therefore, when you hear some one saying, please try to know what he really means. Don't just listen to what he says with your ears but feel the words he uses with your head. In this way you may make fewer mistakes.

单选题The host invited to the dinner party Berliners of many walks of life-businessmen, academics and homemakers.

单选题The usual reason for exemption from tax does not______in this case.

单选题 {{B}}Passage Five {{/B}} Excessive sugar has a strong mal-effect on the functioning of active organs such as the heart, kidneys and the brain. Shipwrecked sailors who ate and drank nothing but sugar for nine days surely went through some of this trauma. This incident occurred when a vessel carrying a cargo of sugar was shipwrecked in 1793. The five surviving sailors were finally rescued nine days after the accident. They were in a wasted condition due to starvation, having consumed nothing but sugar. French physiologist F. Magendie was inspired by that incident to conduct a series of experiments with animals. In the experiments, he fed dogs a diet of sugar and water. All the dogs wasted and died. The shipwrecked sailors and the French physiologist's experimental dogs proved the same point. As a steady diet, sugar is worse than nothing. Plain water can keep you alive for quite some time. Sugar and water can kill you. Humans and animals are "unable to subsist on a diet of sugar". The dead dogs in Professor Magendie's laboratory alerted the sugar industry to the hazards of free scientific inquiry. From that day to this, the sugar industry has invested millions of dollars in behind-the-scenes, subsidized science. The best scientific names that money could buy have been hired, in the hope that they could one day come up with something at least pseudoscientific in the way of glad tidings about sugar. It has been proved, however, that (1) sugar is a major factor in dental decay; (2) sugar in a person's diet does cause overweight; (3) removal of sugar from diets has cured symptoms of crippling, worldwide diseases such as diabetes, cancer and heart illnesses. Sir Frederick Banting noticed in 1929 that, among sugar plantation owners who ate large amounts of their refined stuff, diabetes was common. Among native cane-cutters, who only got to chew the raw cane, he saw no diabetes. However, the story of the public relations attempts on the part of the sugar manufacturers began in Britain in 1808 when the Committee of West India reported to the House of Commons that a prize of twenty-five guineas had been offered to anyone who could come up with the most "satisfactory" experiments to prove that unrefined sugar was good for feeding and fattening oxen, cows, hogs and sheep. Food for animals is often seasonal, always expensive. Sugar, by then, was dirt-cheap. People weren't eating it fast enough. Naturally, the attempt to feed livestock with sugar in England in 1808 was a disaster.