问答题有些大学毕业生容易找到工作，他们的特点是学习成绩好，愿意从事低收入的工作。这两个因素同样重要。到能证明自身价值的地方工作是通向成功的关键一步。例如，奥巴马最初的工作是社区组织人员，他当时不可能预料到自己会成为美国总统。

问答题Desertification, brought about by human-induced factors and climate change, is a land degradation process. Human activities such as over-cultivation and poor irrigation methods are turning quickly into barren patches of land fertile soils that take centuries to form. Without access to sustainable land use practices, poor farmers are reduced to cultivating degraded land,only to initiate a vicious cycle, which is why tackling rural poverty is critical to combating desertification. No long-term strategy of poverty elimination can succeed in the face of the environmental forces that promote persistent erosion of soil. Under current projections of climate change, the hardship and human loss caused by droughts could increase if its contributing factors are left unaddressed.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ. {{/I}} Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature. He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions，sometimes deliberately，sometimes unconsciously．He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants，or with houses，factories，slag-heaps and other products of his civilization．He exterminates some species on a large scale，but favors the multiplication of others． In brief,he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million．

问答题Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition about the Household Appliances in no less than 150 words. choose one in your life and analyze its advantages or disadvantages.

问答题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "How to Write Better English." You are advised to avoid using any stereotyped expressions or sentences, such as "last but not the least."

问答题Section A Directions: Put the ,following paragraph into English. 考试在学习过程中发挥另外一个重要作用一一考试证明学习者在一种语言中是否熟练。通过语言考试远不止是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊。如果你想到英语国家去念大学，或者想找一份需要英语技能的工作，通过语言考试就至关重要。

问答题Section B Put the following paragraph into Chinese. When dominant innovators in a science respond to the challenge of a situation that demands some change in its practice, this may take a number of forms, and rival schools may grow up around different leaders responding differently to a particular situation. These rivalries may be reinforced and perpetuated by the use of standard textbooks. Any empirical science must be able to cope with its own phenomena, and once any observation is accepted as relevant, its theory and modes of description and analysis must be able to handle it with scientific adequacy, of which exhaustiveness, consistency, economy are basic principles. The extension of a science to new but relevant fields may require the further elaboration and presentation of existing theory along previously-followed lines.

问答题1．在市场经济中，“适者生存”是非常重要的。 2．“适者生存”同样适用于现在社会中的每一个人。 3．我应该如何去适应社会的需要?

问答题Section B Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. 尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式，也可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化时，这种变化常能持久。

问答题Section A Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with common sense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy.

问答题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "The Importance of Independent Thinking." You are advised to avoid using any stereotyped expressions or sentences, such as "last but not the least."

问答题1．What gift do you think is most appropriate to your parents? 2．Why do you choose such a gift? 3．When do you think is the most appropriate time to give it?

问答题只有在大学你才可能意识到自我约束的重要性。适应大学生活往往需要几个月的时间，因此有必要学会自立。此外，你要制订一些可实现的目标，如读研。学习成绩对于你的未来关系很大。把尽可能多的时间用于学习的人最有可能成为尖子生。

问答题Excessive dependence on automobiles has profound negative impacts on human health: decreased opportunities for physical activity, increased exposure to air pollution, raised vulnerability to chronic diseases and the mounting incidence of traffic crashes that alone cost a staggering $180 billion. The determination of the magnitude of the health impact is notoriously so tricky as to end up with an astronomical figure probably. No calculation can be complete without formulating practical standards or models for estimating health costs. Costs associated with obesity, breathing illness, and injuries are evidenced by research. Growing recognition of the close connection between transportation, social cohesion and health has resulted in some studies that have achieved compelling findings.

问答题Choose one of the following types of transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people's lives. ·automobiles ·bicycles ·airplanes Give specific reasons and examples to support your idea.

问答题Section B Directions: Put the ,following paragraph into English. 考试在学习过程中发挥另外一个重要作用一一考试证明学习者在一种语言中是否熟练。通过语言考试远不止是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊。如果你想到英语国家去念大学，或者想找一份需要英语技能的工作，通过语言考试就至关重要。

问答题Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Human progress is greatly accelerated by the use of language in cultural transmission; the knowledge and experience acquired by a particular person can be passed on to another in language, so that no amount of demonstration can replace the role of language. In this connection the importance of the invention of printing can never be exaggerated. At the present time the achievements of anyone in any part of the world can be made available and accessible to anyone else able to read and capable of understanding what is involved. From these uses of language, spoken and written, the most developed animal communication system, though given the courtesy title of language, is worlds away.

问答题Section B Put the following paragraph into English. 电信的高速发展使手机成为中学生的宠儿。尽管手机有很多功能，但会对青少年学习成绩产生一些负面影响，如考试作弊、课堂不注意听讲。此外，经常使用手机减少了面对面交流，而长期接触手机辐射还会造成记忆力下降或增加患脑瘤的概率。

问答题Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the appropriate space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ. There is no substitute for education. There is no substitute for wisdom. Each generation owes it to itself and to its posterity (后代) to protect its culture, to enrich it, and to transmit it. The institution that mankind has worked out for that purpose is the institution known as education. The aim of education is wisdom, and each one of us must have the chance to become as wise as he can. Educated people seek truth but truth is never easy to find, never wholly revealed, seldom fully understood, but always to be sought. Truth wears no label and the seeker has no guarantee of success. Life is an unending adventure in this search and education a training and a preparation for it the supreme means of ennobling and enriching these sources of the human mind and heart.

问答题1) State how important extensive reading is in the learning of English. 2) Give reasons and examples to support your idea.