阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shoulddeicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage OneCertainly, the concept of “death with dignity” has become an increasing focus of the debate, not theleast because of medical progress that has brought about a major increase in the number of retired andaged persons. The issue has generated lots of legislation, much of which confuses rather than clarifiesan important question in euthanasia: Who will pull the plug?In general, the laymen’s(外行人) view of euthanasia is one of “mercy killing,” or active interventionto end life, with little or no concept of the possibility of a passive form.I make no excuses and ask no forgiveness for admitting that I have practiced passive euthanasia formany years. In fact, I gave instructions to the doctor attending my own mother in her last illness thatshe should receive no antibiotics nor be tube-fed. At that stage, she was in her 98 th year, sufferingfrom her third stroke and unconscious with pneumonia.I have never practiced active euthanasia, a deed that in my country is regarded as murder and couldmerit the death penalty. But I do believe that in the clinical practice of medicine, active euthanasia hasa definite place. I also believe that we should not be afraid to discuss its place in the scheme of thingsand to explore the possibilities in this approach to the terminally ill.I cannot accept the simple statement that a doctor does not have the right to take life; furthermore, Ibelieve the greatest difficulty is to define life. I myself have defined it as joy in living. Given theabsence of this quality, the request of the suffering person and the satisfaction of other criteria such asgood faith on the part of those caring for the person and the completion of legal requirements, there isno ethical reason why active medical euthanasia may not be administered.Indeed, I have always wondered at the kind of person who would mercifully end the life of a sufferinganimal, yet would hesitate to extend the same privilege to a fellow human being.As a scientist and a humanitarian, I find society’s attitude toward the different ways of causing thedeath of an individual both hypocritical (虚伪的) and illogical. Consider that, for as long as man hasinhabited the earth, he has accepted with few reservations the right to kill and be killed on thebattlefields, even when this leads to not only his own but multiple deaths.I have talked to legal, ethical and medical authorities in many parts of the world on the need foractive euthanasia. Again and again the same questions came up:Who will decide when a life is to be terminated and how can mistakes be avoided?Would doctors perhaps misuse the right to life by getting rid of the people they do not like?Does a doctor have the right to play God?If it is feared that a doctor is playing God when he terminates a life, it can just as readily be arguedthat he is playing the same role when he prolongs the life of a terminally-ill patient. And surely, whenthe terminally-ill person develops an inter-current infection that will cause death if not treated, arewe not also interfering with God’s will by instituting treatment and preventing the patient from dyingof the infection?

阅读理解Text C Last fall was a first-of-its-kind season

阅读理解Passage 2 Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia behind a veil of congressionally imposed secrecy in June 1776 for a country wracked by military and political uncertainties

阅读理解Passage E There were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain rather than in France, the other great power of the day

阅读理解Passage 1 From 2007 to 2010, American households lost $11 trillion in real estate, savings, and stocks More than half of all U

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should deicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage FourIn one study of 400 adults who had got remarkable achievements in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals did badly in school. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, and Mark Twain all disliked school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was dull a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant and inattentive.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most did poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. So they were difficult to teach. As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. High-IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available.

阅读理解Passage 3 The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660some forty years after the importation of the first Black people

阅读理解Passage 2 There are very few big adventures left and very few heroes

阅读理解Passage 1 Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest

阅读理解Passage 2 Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds

阅读理解Material culture refers to the touchable, material thingsphysical objects that can be seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces

阅读理解Passage Three Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women

阅读理解Passage Four For a quarter of a century, surveys of reading habits by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), a federally-funded body, have been favorite material for anyone who thinks America is dumbing down

阅读理解(1) You who are letting miserable misunderstandings run on from year to year, meaning to clear them up some day; you who are keeping wretched quarrels alive because you cannot quite make up your mind that now is the day to sacrifice your pride and kill them; you who are passing men sullenly upon the street, not speaking to them out of some silly spite, and yet knowing that it would fill you with shame and remorse if you heard that one of those men were dead tomorrow morning; you who are letti

阅读理解Did you know that you could have an exciting career in law without becoming a lawyer? A paralegal, or legal assistant, does many of the things a lawyer does

阅读理解Passage 1 The standardized educational or psychological tests, that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress

阅读理解Independent drugstores are raising questions about the states effort to save tens of millions of dollars by rolling pharmacies into Medicaid managed care

阅读理解What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of herunborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible

阅读理解Passage 4 Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal

阅读理解(1) Though the number of court-ordered cesareans（剖腹产）is small, each one symbolizes a disturbing trend the encroachment on the rights of the pregnant woman; the view of her as the jar or container of the next generation