阅读理解Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneOne hundred years ago, four German architecture students felt the predominant style was dull. They decided to look for new forms of artistic expression. They later came to be seen as pioneers and founders of the art movement known as Expressionism. On June 7, 1905, these four young men founded the first expressionist group. They named their group “Die Bruecke” (the Bridge) because they believed their world would serve as a bridge to the future. In June, exhibitions and events are being held to mark the 100th anniversary of expressionism in Berlin, its birthplace.Expressionists used rich, bold colors and distorted objects for emotional effect. The painting’ s purpose was to reflect the artist’ s state of mind and inner feelings rather than the reality of external world. The four Bruecke members had been influenced by Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh, Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, and the French impressionists. One of the earliest and most famous examples of Expressionism is Van Gogh’ s “The Starry Night” . The group held a joint exhibition of paintings in November 1905. They were influential during the first third of the 20th century and affected literature, film, architecture and music.Traditional artists of the time were trying to paint objects exactly as they were. To them, Expressionism appeared messy and unlovely. “They changed the perspective, squeezed space in an unexpected way, ” said German art historian Ulrich Bischoff. When seeing an expressionist painting for the first time, many may wonder how it differs from Impressionism. Both schools are colorful and use outdoor subjects. The expressionists learned from the French, but they had their own ideas about painting. Unlike Impressionism, Expressionism’ s goals were not to reproduce the impression that the surrounding world gave. The expressionist replaced the real appearance with his own mental image of the object what he felt represented its real meaning. ” The young painters expressed their new concept of beauty and their inspiration from nature in pure, bright colors and in spare lines, ” says German historian Birgit Dalbajewa.
阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages followed by some questions or unfinished statements, you should answer the questions or decide on the best choice on the Answer Sheet.Passage 4An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this interdependency of the economic system that makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many economic blood supplies. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 per cent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain’ s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes wage policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members’ disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union’ s members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on their traditional highly- paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or those which bring workers in very trade union officials have to be reelected regularly, others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards” in many unions, “shop stewards” being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.
阅读理解Directions: Read the . following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A. , B. , C. or D. Write your answers oh the Answer Sheet.Text 2The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or as a means to self-fulfillment or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its convict the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schools emphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffee or ale houses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain Federalist papers of the period, would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of unum for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those, celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.
阅读理解Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.The Unseeing EyeThe old man stood there at a loss, his sunken eyes staring at the man seated behind the table. Raising his hand, he wiped the sweat from his forehead and heavily wrinkled face. He didn’ t use the traditional kerchief and headband as usual, though he could feel the sweat running down his temple and neck, and he gave no reply to the man seated behind the table who went on asking him, “Why did you go in opening all the doors of the wards looking for your wife? Why didn’ t you come directly to Enquires?” The old man kept silent. Why, though, was the man seated behind the table continuing to open one drawer after another? His eyes busy watching him, he said, “I came here the day before yesterday wanting the hospital and looking for the mother of my children. ”The man seated behind the table muttered irritably, blaming himself for not having ever learned how to ask the right question, how to get a conversation going, and why it was that his question, full of explanations, and sometimes of annoyance, weren’ t effective. He puffed at his cigarette as he enquired in exasperation, “What’ s your wife’ s name?” The old man at once replied, “Zeinab Mohamed. ” The man seated behind the table began flipping through the pages of the thick ledger; each time he turned over a page there was a loud noise that was heard by everyone in the waiting room. He went on flipping through the pages of his ledger, pursing his lips listlessly, then nervously, as he kept bringing the ledger close to his face until finally he said, “Your wife came in here the day before yesterday?” The old man in relief at once answered, “Yes, sir, when her heart came to a stop. ” Once again irritated, the man seated behind the table mumbled to himself, “Had her heart stopped she wouldn’ t be here, neither would you” . With his eyes still on the ledger, he said, “She’ s in Ward 4, but it’ s not permitted for you to enter her ward because there are other women there. ” Yawning, he called to the nurse leaning against the wall. She came forward, in her hand a paper cup from which she was drinking. Motioning with his head to the man, he said, “Ward Number 4—Zeinab Mohamed. ” The nurse walked ahead, without raising her mouth from the cup. The old man asked himself how it was that this woman worked in a hospital that was crammed with men, even though she spoke Arabic. Having arrived at the ward, the nurse left him outside after telling him to wait; then, after a while, she came out and said to him, “There are two women called Zeinab Mohamed. One of them, though, has only one eye. Which one is your wife so that I can call her?”The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to place it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was thrown into confusion and found himself saying, “When I call her, she’ ll know my voice. ” The nurse doubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance; she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?” Again, he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years. . . ”
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单选题I have thus described the details of this massacre_____ treachery and cruelty have done their worst to us.
单选题He wasn’ t asked to take on the championship of the society, _____ insufficiently popular with all members.
单选题Tom _____ his new job with confidence.
单选题She felt suitably humble just as she _____ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.
单选题The next point Mr. Muller’ s statement which need clarification, and which in any case leaves us with no_____ whatever, is that there were foot-print of four people.
单选题In fact, the Indians took all and gave all, such as they had, with good will, but it seemed to me that they were a people very _____ in everything.
单选题Clothing made of plastic fibers has certain advantages over _____ made of natural fibers like cotton, wool, orsilk.
单选题The American society is _____ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.
单选题_____ before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a success.
单选题He cannot _____ a car, for he does not earn much money.
单选题We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all_____.A. reserved for
单选题The reinforced concrete beam has greater strength because it is _____.