问答题Directions: Read the following passages and then answer INCOMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow eachpassage, Use only information from the passage you havejust read and write your answer in the corresponding spacein your answer sheet.Teachers, it is thought, benefit from the practice ofreflection, the conscious act of thinking deeply about andcarefully examining the interactions and events withintheir own classrooms. Educators T. Wildman and J. Niles(1987) describe a scheme for developing reflectivepractice in experienced teachers. This was justified bythe view that reflective practice could help teachers tofeel more intellectually involved in their role and workin teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity ofscientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in thediscipline of teaching.Wildman and Niles were particularly interested ininvestigating the conditions under which reflection mightflourish-a subject on which there is little guidance theliterature. They designed an experimental strategy for agroup of teachers in Virginia and worked with 40practicing teachers over several years. They wereconcerned that many would be “drawn to these new,refreshing conceptions of teaching only to find that thevoid between the abstractions and the realities of teacherreflection is too great to bridge. Reflection on a complextask such as teaching is not easy. The teachers were takenthrough a program of talking about teaching events, movingon to reflecting about specific issue in a supported andlater an independent manner.Wildman and Niles observed that systematic reflection onteaching required a sound ability to understand classroomevents in an objective manner. They describe the initialunderstanding in the teachers with whom they were workingas being “utilitarian. . . and not rich or detailed enoughto drive systematic reflection. ” Teachers rarely have thetime or opportunities to view their own or the teaching ofothers in an objective manner. Further observationrevealed the tendency of teachers to evaluate eventsrather than review, the contributory, factors in aconsidered manner by, in effect, standing outside thesituation.Helping this group of teachers to revise their thinkingabout classroom events became central. This process tooktime and patience and effective trainers. The researchersestimate that the initial training of the same teachers toview events objectively took between 20 and 30 hours, withthe same number of hours again being required to practicethe skills of reflection.Wildman and Niles identify three principles thatfacilitate reflective practice in a teaching situation.The first is support from administrators in an educationsystem, enabling teachers to understand the requirementsof reflective practice and how it relates to teachingstudents. The second is the availability of sufficienttime and space. The teachers in the program described howthey found it difficult to put aside the immediate demandsof others in order to give themselves the time they neededto develop their reflective skills. The third is thedevelopment of a collaborative environment with supportfrom other teachers. Support and encouragement were alsorequired to help teachers in the program cope with aspectsof their professional life with which they were notcomfortable. Wildman and Niles make a summary comment:“Perhaps the most important thing we learned is the ideaof the teacher-as-reflective-practitioner will not happensimply because it is a good or even compelling idea. ”The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance ofrecognizing some of the difficulties of institutingreflective practice. Others have noted this; making asimilar point about the teaching profession’ s culturalinhibitions about reflective practice. Zeichner and Liston(1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of theteacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker andthe more usual role of the teacher as a technician,putting into practice the ideas of others. More basic thanthe cultural issues is the matter of motivation. Becominga reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski,1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps,little initially perceivable reward and the threat ofvulnerability. Few have directly questioned what mightlead a teacher to want to become reflective. Apparently,the most obvious reason for teachers to work towardreflective practice is that teacher educators think it isa good thing. There appear to be many unexplored mattersabout the motivation to reflect-for example, the value ofexternally motivated reflection as opposed to that ofteachers who might reflect by habit.

问答题Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language in a kindergarten rather than at a primary school Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge and experience. Write at least 400 words and create a title for your writing.  

问答题Write about the following topic:The development of technology changes the way people connect with each other. In which way has the development of technology changed the types of relationships that people make? Does it have positive or negative effects on the relationship? Write at least 350 words but no more than 400 words on the Answer Sheet.

问答题(Refer to Passage 1) Do you agree with the author’s statement that “… the orchestra today occupies a central position in our cultural life”? Why?

问答题long haul, who we are is more important than who we appear to be. 

问答题The following is an excerpt quoted from a newspaper. Write a composition of about 400 words about the phenomenon indicated and your opinion about it.【】Fewer and fewer native Chinese learn to produce characters in traditional calligraphy. Instead, they write their language with a computer, the same way most westerners do. And not only that, but they use the Roman alphabet to produce Chinese characters: type in wo and Chinese language-support software will offer a menu of characters pronounced wo; the user selects the one desired. With less and less need to recall the character cold, they are forgetting them. 

问答题Directions: In this section, there are two passages, each with five questions. Read the passages carefully. Then answer the questions by using the information from each passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage FOURWillpower isn’t immutable trait we’ re either born with or not. It is a skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals. “Fundamental among man’s inner powers is the tremendous unrealized potency of man’s own will, ” wrote Italian psychologist Roberto Assagioli 25 years ago.“The trained will is a masterful weapon, ” added Man Marlatt of the University of Washington, a psychologist who is studying how willpower helps people break habits and change their lives. “The dictionary defines willpower as control of one’s impulses and actions. The key words are power and control. The power is there, but you have to control it. ”Here, from Marlatt and other experts, is how to do that:Be positive.Don’t confuse willpower with self-denial. Willpower is most dynamic when applied to positive, uplifting purposes. Positive willpower helps us overcome inertia and focus on the future. When the going gets tough, visualize yourself happily and busily engaged in your goal, and you’ll keep working toward it.Make up your mind.James Prochaska, professor of psychology at the University of Rhode Island, has identified four stages in making a change. He calls them precontemplation (resisting the change) , contemplation (weighing the pros and cons of the change) , action (exercising willpower to make the change) , and maintenance (using willpower to sustain the change) . Some people are “chronic contemplators, ” Prochaska says. They know they should reduce their drinking but will have one mere cocktail while they consider the matter. They may never put contemplation into action. To focus and mobilize your efforts, set a deadline.Sharpen your will.In 1915, psychologist Boyd Barrett suggested a list of repetitive will-training activities—stepping up and down from a chair 30 times, spilling a box of matches and carefully replacing them one by one. These exercises, he maintained, strengthen the will so it can confront more consequential and difficult challenges.New Jersey Sen. Bill Bradley was a basketball star with the champion New York Knicks. On top of regular practice, he always went to the gym early and practiced foul shots alone. He was determined to be among the best form of the foul line. True to his goal, he developed the highest percentage of successful free throws on his team.Expect trouble.The saying “Where there’s a will, there’s a way” is not the whole truth. Given the will, you still have to anticipate obstacles and plan how to deal with them. When professor of psychology Saul Shiffman of the University of Pittsburgh worked with reformed smokers who’s gone back to cigarettes, he found that many of them hadn’t considered how they’d cope with the urge to smoke. They had summoned the strength to quit, but couldn’ t remain disciplined. The first time they were offered a cigarette, they went back to smoking. If you’ve given up alcohol, rehearse your answer when you’re offered a drink. If you’re expecting to jog but wake up to a storm, have an indoor workout program ready. Be realistic. The strongest will may falter when the goal is to lose 50 pounds in three months or to exercise three hours a day. Added failure undercuts your desire to try again. Sometimes it’s best to set a series of small goals instead of a single big one. As in the Alcohols Anonymous slogan “One day at a time, ” divide your objective into one-day segments, then renew your resolve the next day. At the end of a week, you’ ll have a series of triumphs to look back on.Be patient.A strong will doesn’ t develop overnight. It takes shape in increments, and there can be setbacks. Figure out what caused you to backslide, and redouble your efforts. When a friend of ours tried to give up cigarettes the first time, she failed. Analyzing her relapse, she realized she needed to do something with her hands. On her second try, she took up knitting and brought out needles and yam every time she was tempted to light up. Within months she had knitted a sweater for her husband—and seemed to be off cigarettes for good.Keep it up.A strong will become stronger each time it succeeds. If you’ve successfully mustered the willpower to kick a bad habit or leave a dead-end job, you gain confidence to confront other challenges. A record of success fosters an inner voice of confidence that, in the words of Assagioli, gives you “a firm foot on the edge of the precipice. ” You may face more difficult tasks, but you’ ve conquered before, and you can conquer again.

问答题Directions: It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” In your opinion, which is more important: knowledge gained from experience or knowledge gained from books? Why?【】Write on the Answer Sheet a composition of about 400 words. You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your idea is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea or describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. Don’t forget to write a title.

问答题Directions: Please write a story of about 400 words, starting with the sentences: “The train was speeding onward. She looked into the distance with sad happiness. ” Please write your answer on the Answer Sheet.

问答题Directions: Read the following passages and then answer INCOMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow eachpassage, Use only information from the passage you havejust read and write your answer in the corresponding spacein your answer sheet.Justin was always prepared. His motto was “never throwanything out, you never know when it might come inhandy. ” His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires,bent tennis rackets, deflated basketballs, and games withmissing pieces that you could barely get in the door. Hisparents pleaded with him to clean out his room.“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bosom?” hisfather asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated hismotto, “Never throw anything out, you never know when itmight come in handy. ”When Justin was away from home, he always carried his bluebackpack. He liked to think of it as a smaller version ofhis bedroom a place to store the many objects that hecollected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardlyresembled a backpack anymore. It was full of the kind ofthings that seemed unimportant, but when used with alittle imagination, might come in handy.Justin had earned a reputation for figuring thing out andgetting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Manyof his classmates and neighbors sought him when theyneeded help with a problem. On the first day of school,his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin.“Do you think you have something in your bag that couldhelp me remember my locker combination?” he asked. “Ilost the scrap of paper it was written on. I have scienceclass in two minutes and if I’ m late on the first dayit’ ll make me look bad for the rest of the year. ” Kennylooked genuinely worried.“Relax, ” Justin said, taking his backpack off andunzipping the top. “Remember how you borrowed my notebookin homeroom to write the combination down? Well, I knowhow we can recover what you wrote. ”He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of hisbag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faintindentations on another page in the notebook. Justin heldthe pencil on its side and . rubbed it lightly over theindentations. Slowly but surely the numbers of the lockercombination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencilrubbings.That’ s amazing! “Kenny said, “I owe you one. ” And hedashed off to open his locker.During science class, Mr. Tran was lecturing on thestructure of the solar system using a model. He made asudden gesture and the model fell apart. Planets and tingsand connector rods went everywhere, rolling and clatteringand disappearing under desks. The students scrambledaround on the floor for ten minutes and were finally ableto recover every piece except one---a connector rod thatwas lodged in a crack between two lab stations.“If we had a magnet, ” said Mr. Tran, “we could easilycoax it out that way. But I loaned all of the magnet kitsto the elementary school yesterday. ”Justin was already searching through his backpack. “Ihave some materials that will work just as well, Ithink, ” he told Mr. Tran. He pulled out a battery, aniron nail, and some electrical wire and tape, while Mr.Tran and the other students looked on in amazement.“Why do you have all of that stuff?” Louise Baxterasked. Justin just smiled and repeated his motto. “Neverthrow anything out, you never know when it might come inhandy. ” By wrapping the wire around the nail and tapingeach end to a batter terminal, he was able to make amagnet strong enough to lift the rod out of the crack.“Bravo! ” said MR. Tran.“No problem, ” said Justin.After school, Justin rode the bus to the malt where heworked at a music store. His boss Gail, was takinginventory of all of the CDs and tapes in the classicalmusic section. As he helped a customer at the register,Justin heard her exclaim, “Oh, no! ” I forgot my glasses!There’ s no way I can read this list without them. ”Justin sighed, picked up his backpack, and walked over toGail.“I think I can help you out, ” he said, unzipping thebag. While Gail watched in surprise, he pulled out a jarof petroleum jelly, a washer, a glass slide, and a smallbottle of water. He put the jelly on the bottom of thewasher, placed it securely, jelly-side down, on the glassslide, and then put a drop of water in the center of thewasher.He put the contraption on top of the inventory list andsaid to his boss, “See what happens when you look throughthe water droplet. ” Gail looked and her eyes widened withdelight.“Wow! ” she cried. “It enlarges tile print that I’ mlooking at, just like a magnifying glass! ” She pattedJustin on the back. “I’ m all set now, ” she said.“Thanks. ”Justin smiled. “No problem, ” he said, returning to theregister.It was just another day in the life of the boy whose mottowas “Never throw anything out, you never know when itmight come in handy. ”

问答题Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Despite the fact that advertisers spend $44 billion on the major television networks and cable TV advertising, a new study shows that consumers consider print ads more entertaining and less offensive than television commercials. The study, conducted by Video Storyboard Tests in New York, showed that more consumers consider price ads “artistic” and “enjoyable” .The 2, 000 consumers surveyed blasted TV ads compared to their print counterparts: 34 percent of respondents thought print ads were artistic, compared with 15 percent for television ads; 35 percent thought print ads were enjoyable, compared to 13 percent for television; a most surprising, 33 percent of consumers felt print ads were entertaining, compared to only 18 percent for TV ads. Much of the artistic impact and positive reaction to paint ads comes from the illustrations used. The illustration is primary in creating the mood for a print ad, which ultimately affects consumers’ feelings about the image of a brand. While the study’ s sponsors were surprised by survey results, some industry executives were finally getting the credit they deserve. Richard Kirshenbaum, chair and chief creative officer of Kirshenbaum, Bond Partners, a New York advertising and public relations firm, is one such believer. In fact, Kirshenbaum says that when to hire a new person for a creative position in his agency, “I always look at the print book first because I think it is harder to come up with a great idea on a single piece of paper. ” But as impressed as consumers say they are by the aesthetics and style of print ads, television executives (as you might expect) dismiss the findings. One network official said, “Nothing will replace the reach and magnitude of an elaborately produced television spot TV ads get talked about. Print ads don’ t. ”Questions:

问答题Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions. Write your answers on the answer sheet.In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel” —raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification. In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captures were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers ’ illegal status made them open to blackmail by terrorists.Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “ We ’ re saying we want you to work in these places, we ’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sep. 11, then you ’re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons, ” Anderson said.If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben Jerry’ s ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation. Castro’ s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben Jerry’s.Questions:

问答题Length: No less than 300 words. 

问答题You have read an article in a magazine which states, “TV commercials for luxury products such as posh cars and expensive jewelry make people more aware of the widening gap between the poor and the rich, and therefore should be banned, as such awareness does no good to the construction of a harmonious society in China. ” To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? （1Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. （2）You should write no less than 400 words. Write your article on the ANSWER SHEET. ）

问答题Write about the following topic: As computer are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for teachers in the classroom. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this phenomenon? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 350 words but no more than 400 words on the Answer Sheet. 

问答题Directions: Read about the following topic, then write at least 350 words but no more than 400 words on the Answer Sheet. Some believe that those who are not talented in language learning should not be required to learn a foreign language. Do you think schools should require students to learn a foreign language? 

问答题(Refer to Passage 4) How do you think of the view that if passionate romance goes away, there is no necessity for marriage?

问答题Directions: in this section, there is a passage with 3 questions. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.I will admit I’ ve never quite understood the obsession surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied (代替) possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural business to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spend on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-science, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change.For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you’ re pro-agricultural business or anti-science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven’ t yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feeding a growing planet.That doesn’ t mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size- fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiency — the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land — will be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools, but so will traditional plant breeding, improved soil and crop management — and perhaps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastructure, especially in the developing world. (It doesn’ t do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa to produce more food if they can’ t get it to hungry consumers. ) I’ d like to see more non-industry research done on GM crops — not just because we’ d worry less about bias, but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn’ t be the only entities working to harness genetic modification. I’ d like to see GM research on less commercial crops, like corn. I don’ t think it’ s vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn’ t be against it — and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about technology.Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that’ s spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on those more pressing challenges for global agriculture. There are much bigger battles to fight.

问答题Directions: Nowadays, many farmers are leaving their hometown and going to work in big cities. Is it a positive or negative trend? To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? In this part you are allowed 60 minutes to write an essay of about 400 words on the topic:【】Migrant Workers, a Blessing or a Curse?【】In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

翻译题Translate the following Chinese into English.