问答题Directions: In this section, there are two passages, each with five questions. Read the passages carefully. Then answer the questions by using the information from each passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage FOURWillpower isn’t immutable trait we’ re either born with or not. It is a skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals. “Fundamental among man’s inner powers is the tremendous unrealized potency of man’s own will, ” wrote Italian psychologist Roberto Assagioli 25 years ago.“The trained will is a masterful weapon, ” added Man Marlatt of the University of Washington, a psychologist who is studying how willpower helps people break habits and change their lives. “The dictionary defines willpower as control of one’s impulses and actions. The key words are power and control. The power is there, but you have to control it. ”Here, from Marlatt and other experts, is how to do that:Be positive.Don’t confuse willpower with self-denial. Willpower is most dynamic when applied to positive, uplifting purposes. Positive willpower helps us overcome inertia and focus on the future. When the going gets tough, visualize yourself happily and busily engaged in your goal, and you’ll keep working toward it.Make up your mind.James Prochaska, professor of psychology at the University of Rhode Island, has identified four stages in making a change. He calls them precontemplation (resisting the change) , contemplation (weighing the pros and cons of the change) , action (exercising willpower to make the change) , and maintenance (using willpower to sustain the change) . Some people are “chronic contemplators, ” Prochaska says. They know they should reduce their drinking but will have one mere cocktail while they consider the matter. They may never put contemplation into action. To focus and mobilize your efforts, set a deadline.Sharpen your will.In 1915, psychologist Boyd Barrett suggested a list of repetitive will-training activities—stepping up and down from a chair 30 times, spilling a box of matches and carefully replacing them one by one. These exercises, he maintained, strengthen the will so it can confront more consequential and difficult challenges.New Jersey Sen. Bill Bradley was a basketball star with the champion New York Knicks. On top of regular practice, he always went to the gym early and practiced foul shots alone. He was determined to be among the best form of the foul line. True to his goal, he developed the highest percentage of successful free throws on his team.Expect trouble.The saying “Where there’s a will, there’s a way” is not the whole truth. Given the will, you still have to anticipate obstacles and plan how to deal with them. When professor of psychology Saul Shiffman of the University of Pittsburgh worked with reformed smokers who’s gone back to cigarettes, he found that many of them hadn’t considered how they’d cope with the urge to smoke. They had summoned the strength to quit, but couldn’ t remain disciplined. The first time they were offered a cigarette, they went back to smoking. If you’ve given up alcohol, rehearse your answer when you’re offered a drink. If you’re expecting to jog but wake up to a storm, have an indoor workout program ready. Be realistic. The strongest will may falter when the goal is to lose 50 pounds in three months or to exercise three hours a day. Added failure undercuts your desire to try again. Sometimes it’s best to set a series of small goals instead of a single big one. As in the Alcohols Anonymous slogan “One day at a time, ” divide your objective into one-day segments, then renew your resolve the next day. At the end of a week, you’ ll have a series of triumphs to look back on.Be patient.A strong will doesn’ t develop overnight. It takes shape in increments, and there can be setbacks. Figure out what caused you to backslide, and redouble your efforts. When a friend of ours tried to give up cigarettes the first time, she failed. Analyzing her relapse, she realized she needed to do something with her hands. On her second try, she took up knitting and brought out needles and yam every time she was tempted to light up. Within months she had knitted a sweater for her husband—and seemed to be off cigarettes for good.Keep it up.A strong will become stronger each time it succeeds. If you’ve successfully mustered the willpower to kick a bad habit or leave a dead-end job, you gain confidence to confront other challenges. A record of success fosters an inner voice of confidence that, in the words of Assagioli, gives you “a firm foot on the edge of the precipice. ” You may face more difficult tasks, but you’ ve conquered before, and you can conquer again.

问答题Directions: It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” In your opinion, which is more important: knowledge gained from experience or knowledge gained from books? Why?【】Write on the Answer Sheet a composition of about 400 words. You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your idea is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea or describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. Don’t forget to write a title.

问答题Directions: Please write a story of about 400 words, starting with the sentences: “The train was speeding onward. She looked into the distance with sad happiness. ” Please write your answer on the Answer Sheet.

问答题Directions: Read the following passages and then answer INCOMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow eachpassage, Use only information from the passage you havejust read and write your answer in the corresponding spacein your answer sheet.Justin was always prepared. His motto was “never throwanything out, you never know when it might come inhandy. ” His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires,bent tennis rackets, deflated basketballs, and games withmissing pieces that you could barely get in the door. Hisparents pleaded with him to clean out his room.“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bosom?” hisfather asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated hismotto, “Never throw anything out, you never know when itmight come in handy. ”When Justin was away from home, he always carried his bluebackpack. He liked to think of it as a smaller version ofhis bedroom a place to store the many objects that hecollected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardlyresembled a backpack anymore. It was full of the kind ofthings that seemed unimportant, but when used with alittle imagination, might come in handy.Justin had earned a reputation for figuring thing out andgetting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Manyof his classmates and neighbors sought him when theyneeded help with a problem. On the first day of school,his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin.“Do you think you have something in your bag that couldhelp me remember my locker combination?” he asked. “Ilost the scrap of paper it was written on. I have scienceclass in two minutes and if I’ m late on the first dayit’ ll make me look bad for the rest of the year. ” Kennylooked genuinely worried.“Relax, ” Justin said, taking his backpack off andunzipping the top. “Remember how you borrowed my notebookin homeroom to write the combination down? Well, I knowhow we can recover what you wrote. ”He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of hisbag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faintindentations on another page in the notebook. Justin heldthe pencil on its side and . rubbed it lightly over theindentations. Slowly but surely the numbers of the lockercombination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencilrubbings.That’ s amazing! “Kenny said, “I owe you one. ” And hedashed off to open his locker.During science class, Mr. Tran was lecturing on thestructure of the solar system using a model. He made asudden gesture and the model fell apart. Planets and tingsand connector rods went everywhere, rolling and clatteringand disappearing under desks. The students scrambledaround on the floor for ten minutes and were finally ableto recover every piece except one---a connector rod thatwas lodged in a crack between two lab stations.“If we had a magnet, ” said Mr. Tran, “we could easilycoax it out that way. But I loaned all of the magnet kitsto the elementary school yesterday. ”Justin was already searching through his backpack. “Ihave some materials that will work just as well, Ithink, ” he told Mr. Tran. He pulled out a battery, aniron nail, and some electrical wire and tape, while Mr.Tran and the other students looked on in amazement.“Why do you have all of that stuff?” Louise Baxterasked. Justin just smiled and repeated his motto. “Neverthrow anything out, you never know when it might come inhandy. ” By wrapping the wire around the nail and tapingeach end to a batter terminal, he was able to make amagnet strong enough to lift the rod out of the crack.“Bravo! ” said MR. Tran.“No problem, ” said Justin.After school, Justin rode the bus to the malt where heworked at a music store. His boss Gail, was takinginventory of all of the CDs and tapes in the classicalmusic section. As he helped a customer at the register,Justin heard her exclaim, “Oh, no! ” I forgot my glasses!There’ s no way I can read this list without them. ”Justin sighed, picked up his backpack, and walked over toGail.“I think I can help you out, ” he said, unzipping thebag. While Gail watched in surprise, he pulled out a jarof petroleum jelly, a washer, a glass slide, and a smallbottle of water. He put the jelly on the bottom of thewasher, placed it securely, jelly-side down, on the glassslide, and then put a drop of water in the center of thewasher.He put the contraption on top of the inventory list andsaid to his boss, “See what happens when you look throughthe water droplet. ” Gail looked and her eyes widened withdelight.“Wow! ” she cried. “It enlarges tile print that I’ mlooking at, just like a magnifying glass! ” She pattedJustin on the back. “I’ m all set now, ” she said.“Thanks. ”Justin smiled. “No problem, ” he said, returning to theregister.It was just another day in the life of the boy whose mottowas “Never throw anything out, you never know when itmight come in handy. ”

问答题Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Despite the fact that advertisers spend $44 billion on the major television networks and cable TV advertising, a new study shows that consumers consider print ads more entertaining and less offensive than television commercials. The study, conducted by Video Storyboard Tests in New York, showed that more consumers consider price ads “artistic” and “enjoyable” .The 2, 000 consumers surveyed blasted TV ads compared to their print counterparts: 34 percent of respondents thought print ads were artistic, compared with 15 percent for television ads; 35 percent thought print ads were enjoyable, compared to 13 percent for television; a most surprising, 33 percent of consumers felt print ads were entertaining, compared to only 18 percent for TV ads. Much of the artistic impact and positive reaction to paint ads comes from the illustrations used. The illustration is primary in creating the mood for a print ad, which ultimately affects consumers’ feelings about the image of a brand. While the study’ s sponsors were surprised by survey results, some industry executives were finally getting the credit they deserve. Richard Kirshenbaum, chair and chief creative officer of Kirshenbaum, Bond Partners, a New York advertising and public relations firm, is one such believer. In fact, Kirshenbaum says that when to hire a new person for a creative position in his agency, “I always look at the print book first because I think it is harder to come up with a great idea on a single piece of paper. ” But as impressed as consumers say they are by the aesthetics and style of print ads, television executives (as you might expect) dismiss the findings. One network official said, “Nothing will replace the reach and magnitude of an elaborately produced television spot TV ads get talked about. Print ads don’ t. ”Questions:

问答题Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions. Write your answers on the answer sheet.In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel” —raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification. In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captures were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers ’ illegal status made them open to blackmail by terrorists.Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “ We ’ re saying we want you to work in these places, we ’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sep. 11, then you ’re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons, ” Anderson said.If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben Jerry’ s ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation. Castro’ s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben Jerry’s.Questions:

问答题Length: No less than 300 words. 

问答题You have read an article in a magazine which states, “TV commercials for luxury products such as posh cars and expensive jewelry make people more aware of the widening gap between the poor and the rich, and therefore should be banned, as such awareness does no good to the construction of a harmonious society in China. ” To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? （1Write an article for the same magazine to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. （2）You should write no less than 400 words. Write your article on the ANSWER SHEET. ）

问答题Write about the following topic: As computer are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for teachers in the classroom. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this phenomenon? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 350 words but no more than 400 words on the Answer Sheet. 

问答题Directions: Read about the following topic, then write at least 350 words but no more than 400 words on the Answer Sheet. Some believe that those who are not talented in language learning should not be required to learn a foreign language. Do you think schools should require students to learn a foreign language? 

问答题(Refer to Passage 4) How do you think of the view that if passionate romance goes away, there is no necessity for marriage?

问答题Directions: in this section, there is a passage with 3 questions. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.I will admit I’ ve never quite understood the obsession surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied (代替) possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural business to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spend on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-science, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change.For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you’ re pro-agricultural business or anti-science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven’ t yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feeding a growing planet.That doesn’ t mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size- fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiency — the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land — will be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools, but so will traditional plant breeding, improved soil and crop management — and perhaps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastructure, especially in the developing world. (It doesn’ t do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa to produce more food if they can’ t get it to hungry consumers. ) I’ d like to see more non-industry research done on GM crops — not just because we’ d worry less about bias, but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn’ t be the only entities working to harness genetic modification. I’ d like to see GM research on less commercial crops, like corn. I don’ t think it’ s vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn’ t be against it — and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about technology.Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that’ s spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on those more pressing challenges for global agriculture. There are much bigger battles to fight.

问答题Directions: Nowadays, many farmers are leaving their hometown and going to work in big cities. Is it a positive or negative trend? To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? In this part you are allowed 60 minutes to write an essay of about 400 words on the topic:【】Migrant Workers, a Blessing or a Curse?【】In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

问答题Directions: Please write a story of about 400 words, starting with the sentences “It was now two o’ clock on the Sunday afternoon. Jennifer took the key and threw it into the water. Then she turned away and walked slowly back to the dormitory” . Please write your answer on the Answer Sheet. 

问答题Directions: It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. However, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. To what extent do you agree or disagree, esp. when it comes to university education? 【】Write on the Answer Sheet a composition of about 400 words around the following topic: Should university education be more open-minded and free? You should have your own title and clear thesis. The composition may contain three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your main point is. In the second part, provide reasons to support your idea or describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. Don’t forget to write a title.

问答题A large number of college graduates prefer to stay in the big cities. Some choose to work in the small town. What’ s your opinion of working in Big City or Small Town? Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.

问答题Directions: In this section, there are two passages, each with five questions. Read the passages carefully. Then answer the questions by using the information from each passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage THREEHow many really suffer as a result of labor market problem? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same direct consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much close to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness, Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple- earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of tabor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so tow that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed . in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those falling in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primacy applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problem.

问答题(Refer to Passage 3) Do you agree with the author’s views on passing laws to regulate economic activity? Why?

问答题Some people think that the higher education system in China is not very satisfactory. What do you think are the major problems with China’ s higher education system? Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic: The Higher Education System of China Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Please write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback” ) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’ s facial expression can influence that person’ s emotional state. Consider Darwin’ s words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. ” Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses. ) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by “crow’ s feet” wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman’ s observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip” as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff” lip suppresses emotional response as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.