阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children’s school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test.Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a commercially available test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught.Recently many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are competent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can’t see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.

阅读理解Passage Four Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies

阅读理解Text Three Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen

阅读理解Passage G In some ways the employment interview is like a persuasive speech because the applicant (interviewee) seeks to persuade the employer (interviewer) to employ him or her

阅读理解(2) Im a 21-year-old black born to a family that would probably be considered lower-middle classwhich in my mind is a polite way of describing a condition only slightly better than poverty

阅读理解Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shoulddeicide the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage Two“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, andjudgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too muchimportance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to myopinion as you to yours,” and “‘Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. In fact,anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition ofopinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend ‘‘What do you think of the new Fordcars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant tochallenge his statement, but foolish. For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personalpreference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ‘‘It’s pointless to argue about matters oftaste.”But consider this very different use of the term. A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court hasdelivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personalpreferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakinglyarrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not anexpression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view orbelief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are freeto act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.

阅读理解For many of us, asking for help is a difficult concept

阅读理解Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs

阅读理解Passage Two Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh

阅读理解As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged

阅读理解(3) Life is in a sense a battle

阅读理解Passage 1 A new study on mice uncovers some answers that could someday offer a potent target for eliminating the recurrence of bad memories in humans, especially known to those who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD: mental disorder caused by accidents of emergency)

阅读理解Warren Bennis was the worlds most important thinker on the subject that business leaders care about more than any other: themselves

阅读理解Passage B Welcome to the U

阅读理解Passage 2 What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible

阅读理解By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form

阅读理解Passage 6 At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed from

阅读理解Text 2 Dream is a story that a person watches or even lakes part in during sleeping

阅读理解Passage 1 Since 1992, the U

阅读理解Text Four According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States