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On this day a year ago, a young woman lay dying, in a cold and spartan house, in a village in South Africa's remote Eastern Cape Province. AIDS had eaten into her body; she weighed less than four and half stone. 【C1】______ that she could barely leave her bed. Her mouth was infected with the thrush that makes it【C2】______. Her name was Prudence Radebe and she was resigned to her fate. Today, Prudence is still alive. In fact, she【C3】______ that it's hard to believe just how sick she was. Her weight has【C4】______, to sixty-one kilograms. Her skin is smooth and shiny. She carries【C5】______ from the well up the hill with no difficulty. And, every so often, she likes to does stretching exercises【C6】______behind her house. Prudence knows why she is still alive. "Anti-retroviral drugs saved my life", she says, matter-of-factly. I first met her【C7】______, when she started taking anti-retrovirals. Since then, I've been travelling down to the Eastern Cape every two months【C8】______. We do a lot of AIDS stories in this part of the world—but not many like this—with a happy ending. Prudence is a clever,cheerful person, with a loving family—【C9】_____ with a warm feeling, it shows there is hope amidst the dark,【C10】_____. Prudence is, above all, lucky. She'd heard that the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres had started an anti-retroviral project【C11】______, and she applied for treatment. A fluke of geography, if you like—there are almost【C12】______ people in the Eastern Cape, and only 4,000 are receiving free anti-retrovirals. But Prudence is not just lucky—she had to 【C13】______ that she was serious and dedicated. She had to learn about all 【C14】______ which she now needs to take every single day for the rest of her life. She discovered that she might build up resistance if she does not take them properly, and that they can 【C15】______. Today she has the zeal of a convert, her language is peppered with the terminology of【C16】______, viral-load, voluntary testing, nevirapine. If Prudence took you round her village, you would realise just how fortunate she is. This is one of the most beautiful parts of South Africa—【C17】______ the steep, green hillsides, and children's voices echo across the valleys. But it's a landscape that is haunted by death. Prudence is surrounded by tragedy. I fear the worst for her neighbour, Nontandozela,【C18】______ for the past six months, too weak to stand. Nontandozela's sister, Victoria, was also sick and lying in the bed on the other side of the room.【C19】______ Victoria died. Nontandozela's daughters watch in silence. Their faces betray no emotions, but I can't imagine their fear. The men in the family; the fathers of these young girls【C20】______; nobody knows how to contact them. And nobody has enough money to pay for a taxi to take Nontandozela to the clinic where Prudence started her treatment. If nothing happens, Nontandozela's days are numbered.

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{{B}}Task 2 Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.{{/B}}

{{B}}Part A Note-taking And Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.{{/B}}

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Attitudes about expressing anger vary from culture to culture. In some cultures, almost any sign of anger is inappropriate. In others, people use anger as a way of extending 【C1】______. Finnish people believe that expressions of anger show a lack of 【C2】______. This attitude can make them seem 【C3】______. For example, road rage is a problem in many countries, but not in Finland. There, experts say, 【C4】______doesn't make people angry. The drivers politely exchange information and then 【C5】______. And no one complains when a bus 【C6】______. The passengers simply get off and wait for the next one. Such behavior【C7】______in the United States where expressing anger is accepted— even expected. The problem occurs when people from cultures【C8】______visit countries where it is not. For example, if an American visiting England【C9】______in a tone of voice that would be effective at home, no one would【C10】______. They would see him as just another【C11】______. This is because the English usually avoid showing anger unless the situation is【C12】______. Avoidance of public anger is also 【C13】______. The expression of anger is unacceptable and destructive. This attitude is very 【C14】______the one in the United States, where many people believe that not expressing anger can 【C15】______, alcoholism, drug addiction, or even violence. In countries that don't express anger, most people would think this idea was【C16】______. However, in some other cultures, anger is more lightly received and 【C17】______ than in the United States. Americans traveling 【C18】______or some Mediterranean countries are often surprised by the amount of anger they see and hear. They 【C19】______that people in these countries express their anger and then forget it. Even people who are【C20】______of the anger usually do not remember it for long.

{{B}}StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper, so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.{{/B}}

{{B}}SECTION 4 LISTENING TEST{{/B}}

The two economists call their paper "Mental Retirement," and their findings from the United States and 12 European countries suggest that the earlier people retire, the more quickly their memories decline. "It's incredibly interesting and exciting," said Laura Carstensen, director of the Center on Longevity at Stanford University in California. "It suggests work actually provides an important component of the environment that keeps people functioning optimally. " Japan and South Korea have begun administering a survey on memory. China, India and several countries in Latin America are also planning surveys. While not everyone is convinced, a number of leading researchers say the "Mental Retirement" study is, at least, a tantalizing bit of evidence for a hypothesis that is widely believed but difficult to demonstrate. Researchers repeatedly find that retired people tend to do less well on cognitive tests than people who are still working. But, they note, that could be because people whose memories and thinking skills are declining may be more likely to retire than people whose cognitive skills remain sharp. And research has failed to support the premise that mastering activities like memory exercises and crossword puzzles improve overall functioning. "If you do crossword puzzles, you get better at crossword puzzles," said Lisa Berkman, director of the Center for Population and Development Studies at Harvard University. "But you don't get better at cognitive behavior in life. " The study was possible, explains one of its authors, Robert Willis, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, because the National Institute on Aging began a large study in the United States nearly 20 years ago. Called the Health and Retirement Study, it surveys more than 22,000 Americans over age 50 every two years, and administers memory tests. That led European countries to start their own surveys, using similar questions so the data would be comparable. The test looks at how well people can recall a list of 10 nouns immediately and 10 minutes after they heard them. People in the United States did best, scoring an average of 11 out of a perfect 20. Those in Denmark and England were close behind, with scores just above 10, followed by France(8), Italy(7)and Spain(6). The researchers noticed that there are large differences in the ages at which people retire. In the United States, England and Denmark, where people retire later, 65 to 70 percent of men were still working when they were in their early 60s. In France and Italy, the figure is 10 to 20 percent, and in Spain it is 38 percent. Economic incentives produce the large differences in retirement age. Countries with earlier retirement ages have tax policies, pension, disability and other measures that encourage people to leave the work force at younger ages. The researchers found that the longer people keep working, the better they do on the tests when they are in their early 60s. "There is evidence that social skills and personality skills—getting up in the morning, dealing with people, knowing the value of being prompt and trustworthy—are also important," Dr. Willis said. "They go hand in hand with the work environment. "

Good morning, class. Today's topic is "Idioms and Their Origins". An idiom is a phrase or expression with【C1】______. The meaning of an idiom often cannot be understood from the meaning of【C2】______in it. In our language, idioms are an important part and they often make our language【C3】______. So in today's lecture, let's look at the origins of some English idioms. The first【C4】______on our list is "Raining cats and dogs". This is an interesting phrase. It is【C5】______the well-known antipathy between dogs and cats, which is【C6】______in the phrase "fight like cat and dog". However, there are【C7】______about the origin of the well-known expression, "Raining cats and dogs". One theory is that【C8】______, the roofs on houses were made of hay. You've probably heard of【C9】______, well that's all they were. Thick straw, piled high, with【C10】______. Those thatch roofs were the only place for the little animals to【C11】______. So all the pets in the house; dogs, cats and【C12】______, even mice, rats, bugs, all lived in the roof. When it rained 【C13】______so sometimes the animals would slip and 【C14】______. Thus the saying, "it's raining cats and dogs. " Another explanation is that heavy rain would wash dead animals【C15】______. In the 18th century, streets in England were rather filthy and heavy rain would occasionally 【C16】______dead animals and other debris. The animals didn't fall from the sky, but the sight of dead cats and dogs 【C17】______in storms could well have caused the coining of this colourful phrase. The most popular one comes from 【C18】______in which cats were a symbol for rain and dogs 【C19】______. Thus, "it's cats and dogs out there" is often used to describe 【C20】______with strong winds.

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{{B}}SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST(2)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.{{/B}}

______