问答题America"s population hit the 300 million mark yesterday—at 7:46 a.m. Eastern time, according to Census Bureau estimates. Nobody knows exactly who became America"s 300 millionth citizen. But demographers are summing up the milestone as a turning point that signals several trends to watch as the U.S.—in contrast with Europe and Japan—deals with a steadily growing population. Politically and demographically, experts say, the shifts will begin to have an impact on regions of the country not yet used to the new diversity provided by the influx of Hispanics and Asians, which has already transformed California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, and New York. In coming years, Midwesterners, those in the Great Plains, rural areas, and small towns everywhere will begin to deal with the challenges of new ethnic and racial residents, says William Frey, a population expert at the Brookings Institution in Washington. And the country as a whole will begin to be more dominated by a young/ old divide than the current liberal/conservative model that dominates political discourse. "This means we are going to transform the current, red/blue political dichotomy to one where the nation is separated by age ... young vs. old," says Mr. Frey. "The issues of younger generations dealing with children and opportunities for minorities will clash with those of the aging baby boomers whose voters are concerned with issues of aging and Social Security and Medicare," he adds. "Both parties will have to adjust to this new dichotomy." The new milestone hasn"t generated much hoopla. That"s in sharp contrast to 1967, when President Johnson hailed the 200 millionth American, and Life magazine dispatched a cadre of photographers to find a baby born at the exact moment. One reason is that population growth has become controversial, especially in an election year when immigration is a hot-button issue and politicians are wary. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez says the Bush administration is not playing down the milestone, though he had no plans for Tuesday. "I would hate to think that we are going to be low-key about this," he says, since growth helps the economy. While it"s hard to prove that population growth spurs economic growth, the two often go hand in hand, according to experts quoted in the Monitor"s recently published series: "U.S. population: 300 million. " For example: a nation with a rising population can support its retirees far more easily than one with a declining population. That"s an advantage for the U.S., which is virtually the only developed nation expected to grow this century. But population growth has less rosy implications, the Monitor series points out. Some experts worry that the land can"t sustain the extra 100 million people expected by 2043. Another challenge is sprawl, the dominant model of development, which gobbles up forest and prairie.

问答题Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total independence of it; and exist in much greater clearness, and in a much greater degree of abstract perfection; but their abstract perfection is their practical defect. By having a right to everything, men want everything. Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Men have a right that these wants should be provided for by this wisdom. Among these wants to be reckoned is the want, out of civil society, of a sufficient restraint upon their passions. Society requires not only that the passions of individuals should be subjected, but that even in the mass and body, as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted, their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection. This can only be done by a power out of themselves: and not, in the exercise of its function, subject to that will and those passions which it is its office to bridle and subdue. In this sense, the restraints on men, as well as their liberties, are to be reckoned among their rights. But as the liberties and the restrictions vary with times and circumstances, and admit to infinite modifications, they cannot be settled upon by any abstract rule; and nothing is so foolish as to discuss them upon that principle. The moment you abate anything from the full rights of men, each to govern himself, and suffer any artificial, positive limitation upon those rights, from that moment the whole organization of government becomes a consideration of convenience. This it is which makes the constitution of a state, and the due distribution of its powers, a matter of the most delicate and complicated skill. It requires a deep knowledge of human nature and human necessities, and of the things which facilitate or obstruct the various ends, which are to be pursued by the mechanism of civil institutions. The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its distempers. What is the use of discussing a man"s abstract right to food or medicine? The question is upon the method of procuring and administering them. In that deliberation, I shall always advise to call in the aid of the farmer and the physician, rather than the professor of metaphysics.

问答题News report: Many online consumers in China will spend more during the Nov. 11 Singles" Day shopping promotion this year than they did last year. In a survey of more than 1,000 Internet users in China this month, 56 percent said that they would spend more on Singles" Day this year. A third said they were likely to spend about the same on the biggest single day for shopping, and 6 percent planned to spend less. Some observers think Singles" Day could catch on globally. Topic: Singles" Day Shopping Spree Questions for reference: 1. Did you do much shopping on Nov. 11 last year? Are there any other times when people would do a lot of shopping? 2. Do you go shopping often? Do you often buy more than you actually consume? Give reasons for your answer. 3. What are the impacts of those shopping spree days?

问答题The American Attitude Toward Manual Labor The term "American dream" is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? Where does the term come from? Has the meaning of the term changed over time? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and lead us to an even more important question: is the American dream a myth or a reality today? The term "American dream" first appeared in a ramous novel written by Horatio Alger in 1867. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a "rags to riches" story about a little orphan boy who lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could succeed in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed determination to succeed. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would always lead to success. Today, the message from Alger's novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to define the American dream. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home. However, new versions and variations of the American dream have surfaced since Alger's novel was published. For one thing, the idea that Americans are always seeking to improve their lifestyle also suggests that each generation wants more than the previous generation had. Some people would argue that this ever-increasing desire to improve the quality of one's life may have started out on a smaller scale, in the past, but today has led to an out-of-control consumerism and materialism. Another, more benign view of the American dream is that it is about the desire to create opportunities for ourselves, usually through hard work. A hallmark of the American dream, some would argue, is the classic "self-starter," the person who starts out with very little in life—little money, few friends, few opportunities—and works hard to make his or her way in the world. A classic example of this type of American dreamer would be former president Abraham Lincoln, who was born in a log cabin, was largely self-educated, and yet worked his way up in the world to eventually become a United States president. This view of the American dream has also been associated with immigrants and their quests for a better life in a new country. Americans have long been fascinated by immigrant stories, and many feel great pride about their own families who may have come from other countries, worked very hard, and created a better life for future generations. A more recent interpretation of the American dream has to do with equality. Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., used some of the rhetoric associated with the American dream to urge people to work for equal opportunities for all Americans, not just some Americans. A harsh reality was becoming clear to some people, especially in the 1960s and 1970s: not everyone had the same opportunities. If people were denied jobs, education, or other opportunities because of their race, ethnic background, or gender, was the American dream only a myth?

问答题上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市，改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展，社会秩序稳定，人民安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华气象。 今天，尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的世人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。上海的明天充满希望。

问答题Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual it turns out makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain improving other skills not related to language. This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development. But this interference researchers are finding out isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict giving the mind a workout that strengthens its ability of knowledge acquisition. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life.

问答题Topic: The Retirement Age for Chinese Questions for reference : 1. Do you agree that the mandatory retirement age for Chinese should be extended? Give your reasons. 2. Some people are opposed to the extension initiative for fear that it might reduce job opportunities for young people. What's your comment on this opinion? 3. China is facing a surplus labor force. What are the possible solutions to such a problem?

问答题One criticism levelled at such studies is that it is difficult to tell if mobile phones are promoting growth, or growth is promoting the adoption of mobile phones, as people become able to afford them. It is easy to imagine ways in which mobile phones could stimulate economic activity-- they make up for poor infrastructure by substituting for travel, allow price data to be distributed and enable traders to engage with wider markets, and so on. Furthermore, phones do this without the need for government intervention. Mobile phone networks are built by private companies, not governments or charities, and are economically self-sustaining. Mobile operators build and run them because they make a profit doing so, and fishermen, carpenters and porters are willing to pay for the service because it increases their profits. The resulting welfare gains are indicated by the profitability of both the operators and their customers. All governments have to do is to issue licenses to operators, establish a clear and transparent regulatory framework and then wait for the phones to work their economic magic.

问答题But Obama’s appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his times. Unlike those tragedies---which, at least initially, united a mournful country and quieted partisan divisions---this one has, in the days since the killings, had the opposite effect, inflaming the divide.

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

问答题France today is no superpower, but French influence in some spheres significant. Nothing has cemented French influence in the world like the decision made by the victorious World War Ⅱ powers in 1945 to include France as one of the five permanent, veto-wielding members of the Security Council. Until the end of the Cold War, France rarely found itself in disagreement with or the U.S. on major issues. But the U.N. veto today takes on larger significance as France struggles to decide whether it wants to lead the European Union in defiance of American power or in partnership with it. As America"s great media outlets have begun preparing for coverage of the D-Day celebrations, the question of a "grand gesture" by the French toward the American war in Iraq has been raised. Administration officials hint that, perhaps, just perhaps, the French President will use the occasion of France"s rescue as an opportunity to square the accounts-to issue a blanket endorsement of America"s plan for Iraq"s future and throw its support behind the transfer of power looming at the end of the month. France certainly wants the United States to be successful in Iraq at this point. But France seems unlikely to see D-Day as an opportunity to make good on a 60-year-old debt. Beyond nice speeches and some truly fine cuisine, don"t expect France to liberate America from Iraq.

问答题{{B}} Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.{{/I}} This book may not change your life. But if you have a tendency to be messy and have already broken your new year resolutions to be neater in future, it will certainly make you feel better about your natural inclinations. Untidiness, hoarding, procrastination and improvisation are not bad habits, the authors argue, but often more sensible than meticulous planning, storage and purging of possessions. That is because the tidiness lobby counts the benefits of neatness, but not its costs. A rough storage system (important papers close to the keyboard, the rest distributed in loosely related piles on every flat surface) takes very little time to manage. Filing every bit of paper in a precise category, with colour-coded index tabs and a neat system of cross-referencing, will certainly take longer. And by the end, it may not save any time. Your reviewer's office is easily the most untidy in The Economist (not entirely his own work, it should be said, thanks to the heroic efforts of his even untidier office-mate). But when it comes to managing information, there seems to be no discernible difference in the end result. The authors of this book trawl the furthest reaches of psychology, management studies, biology and physics to show why a bit of disorder is good for you. Chiefly, it creates much more room for coincidence and serendipity. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin because he was notoriously untidy, and didn't clean a Petri dish, thus allowing fungal spores to get to work on bacteria. He remarked wryly on visiting a colleague's spotless lab: "no danger of mould here". It can also help make sense of things. Hearing depends on random movement of molecules: when they coincide with sounds from outside, they are strong enough to stimulate the inner ear. A bit of background noise on the phone enables our ears to filter out echoes. A slightly mushy photograph can be easier to understand. Music and art depend on mess. Procrastination makes sense too. America’s Marine Corps, the authors repeat (several times), never makes detailed plans in advance. Leaving important things to the last minute reduces the risk of wasting time on things that may ultimately prove not important at all. The authors are witheringly contemptuous of the bogus equation of tidiness and morality—for example in corporate "clean desk" policies. Disorder and creativity are so closely linked that any employer who penalizes the first sacrifices the second, they argue. America's professional organizers, a thriving and lucrative cult of tidiness coaches, are merchants of guilt, not productivity boosters. It's all fine, up to a point. But the book has two weaknesses. One is that it overstates the case. The case for tidiness in some environments—surgery, a dinner table or income tax returns—is really overwhelming. The other is that the book is a bit repetitive and disorganized. Even readers who love mess in their own lives don't necessarily like it in others.

问答题Amid the hubbub over a few less-bad-than-expected statistics, America's economic debate has turned to the nature of the recovery. Optimists expect a vigorous rebound as confidence returns, pent-up demand is unleashed and massive government stimulus takes effect. Most observers are bracing for a long slog, as debt-laden consumers rebuild their savings, output growth remains weak and unemployment continues to rise. There is, however, something that eventually will have a much bigger impact on America's prosperity than the slope of the recovery. That is the effect of the crisis on America's potential rate of growth itself. An economy's long-term speed limit (its "trend" or "potential" rate of growth) is the pace at which GDP can expand without affecting unemployment and, hence, inflation. It is determined by growth in the supply of labor along with the speed with which productivity improves. The pace of potential growth helps determine the sustainahility of everything from public debt to the prices of shares. Unfortunately, the outlook for America's potential growth rate was darkening long before the financial crisis hit. The IT-induced productivity revolution, which sent potential output soaring at the end of the 1990s, has waned. More important, America' s labor supply is growing more slowly as the population ages, the share of women working has leveled off and that of students who work has fallen.

问答题中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，是基于中国国情的必然选择。1840年鸦片战争以后的 100多年里，中国受尽了列强的欺辱。消除战争，实现和平，建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家，是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。今天的中国虽然取得了巨大的发展成就，但人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。推动经济社会发展，不断改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。中国人民最需要、最珍爱和平的国际环境，愿尽自己所能，为推动各国共同发展作出积极贡献。

问答题In the big data era, the biggest business in developed countries has become information, which we have more access to, thanks to e-mail, the internet, TV and cell phones.

问答题

问答题 香港特别行政区 香港特别行政区包括香港岛、九龙和新界，总面积1092平方公里。香港自古以来就是中国的领土，1840年鸦片战争以后被英国占领。根据1984年12月19日中英签署的关于香港问题的联合声明，两国政府于1997年7月1日举行了香港政权交接仪式，宣告中国对香港恢复行使主权，从而实现了长期以来中国人民收回香港的共同愿望。与此同时，中华人民共和国香港特别行政区正式成立，《香港特别行政区基本法》也开始实施。 中国政府在香港实行“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“高度自治”的基本方针。“一国两制”就是在中国统一的国家内，内地实行社会主义制度，香港保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式，50年不变；“港人治港”就是由香港人自主管理香港，中央不派官员到特区政府任职；“高度自治”就是除外交、国防事务由中央政府管理外，香港特别行政区享有充分自主地管理本地区事务的权力，包括行政管理权、立法权、独立的司法权和终审权。 在回归祖国后的17年里，香港犹如一艘高速巨轮勇往直前，顺利地闯过了亚洲金融危机、非典、禽流感的惊涛骇浪。特区政府有效地处理了一系列对香港政治、经济、社会有重大影响的事件和问题，维护了香港的稳定与繁荣。 今天，香港依然是一座魅力四射、充满活力的现代都市，其作为国际上一个金融、贸易、航运中心的地位得到了进一步的加强，被誉为全球“透明度最高、治理得最好、政府干预最少”的范例。我们相信，有伟大祖国作为坚强后盾，香港的未来一定更加美好!

问答题亚太经济合作组织与中国 亚太经济合作组织(亚太经合组织)成立于1989年11月，是当今亚太地区进行官方合作的一个地区性经济组织。该组织的涪动主要包括三个方面，即贸易投资自由化、商业活动便利化和经济技术合作。这一组织在全球经济活动中具有举足轻重的地位。 亚太经合组织现有成员21个。1991年，中国大陆与香港、台湾地区同时加入该组织。亚太经合组织既为中国参与地区乃至世界经济活动提供了舞台，同时也促进了中国加快对外开放的进程。 参与亚太经合组织对中国的影响是多方面的。首先，有利于扩大中国在地区中的经济利益。亚太地区是中国对外经济利益的主要所在。中国贸易额的80%是与亚太地区国家开展的，90%以上的外资来源于亚太地区国家。借助亚太经合组织，中国可以与其他成员共同致力于亚太地区的共同发展，从而为中国经济、也可为亚太经济的发展作出贡献。 其次，借助这一地区论坛，有利于中国与其他成员进行政策交流。每年一度的领导人非正式聚会，不仅为中国加强与其他成员国的相互了解提供了一个宽松的渠道，更主要的是传递了中国的对外政策，传达中国对外开放与国内改革的信息，有力地促进了中国经济的整体发展。 作为亚太经合组织中的最大发展中国家，中国自1991年加入该组织以来，本着平等互利、协商一致、求同存异、自主自愿的原则，坚持贸易投资自由化与经济技术合作并重的方针，全面参与了亚太经合组织的各项活动，对亚太地区合作进程发挥了积极作用。