问答题因工作关系，我30年来，年年要外出公干，足迹几乎遍布全国，没有到过的地方只有西藏、内蒙 和澳门。可惜远行奔波间，车马劳顿，总是行色匆匆，山水的怡情悦目，都如过眼的云烟，只不过领 略了一个大概，不能去探寻幽僻的妙境。我凡事喜欢有自己的见解，不屑于人云亦云，即使是论诗 品画，都是持一种别人珍贵的东西我抛弃、别人遗弃的东西我收取的态度。佛家有云：境由心生。 因此，所谓的名胜，全在于你自己怎么看，有的名胜，你并不觉得它有多好；有的不是名胜，你自己却 以为是个妙境。这里且将我平生的游历逐一道来，与诸君共享。

问答题Questions 7～10 In nearly 200 years of recorded stock-market history, no calendar decade has seen such a dismal performance as the 2000s. Investors would have been better off investing in pretty much anything else, from bonds to gold or even just stuffing money under a mattress. Since the end of 1999, stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange have lost an average of 0.5% a year thanks to the twin bear markets this decade. The period has provided a lesson for ordinary Americans who used stocks as their primary way of saving for retirement. Many investors were lured to the stock market by the bull market that began in the early 1980s and gained force through the 1990s. But coming out of the 1990s, the best calendar decade in history with a 17.6% average annual gain, stocks simply had gotten too expensive. Companies also pared dividends, cutting into investor returns. And in a time of financial panic like 2008, stocks were a terrible place to invest. The decline edges out the 0.2% decline stocks suffered during the Depression years of the 1930s, which up until now held the title of worst decade. And it is worse than other decades with financial panics, such as in 1907 and 1893. Even the 1970s, when a bear market was coupled with inflation, wasn"t as bad as the most recent period. The S＆P 500 lost 1.4% after inflation during that decade. That is especially disappointing news for investors, considering that a key goal of investing in stocks is to increase money faster than inflation. "This decade is the big loser." said Mr. Jones. For investors counting on stocks for retirement plans, the most recent decade means many have fallen behind retirement goals. Many financial plans assume a 10%0 annual return for stocks over the long term, but over the last 20 years, the S＆P 500 is registering 8.2% annual gains. Should stocks average 10% a year for the next decade, that would lift the 30-year average return to only 8.8%, said North Carolina State"s Mr. Jones. It is even worse news for those who started investing in 2000; a 10% return a year would get them up to only 4.4% a year. There were ways to make money in U. S. stocks during the last decade. But the returns paled in comparison with those posted in the 1990s. Of the 30 stocks today that comprise the Dow Jones Industrial Average, only 13 are up since the end of 1999, and just two, Caterpillar Inc. and United Technologies Corp., doubled over the 10-year span. So what went wrong for the U.S. stock market? For starters, it turned out that the old rules of valuation matter. "We came into this decade horribly overpriced," said Jeremy Grantham, co-founder of money managers GMO LLC. In late 1999, the stocks in the S＆P 500 were trading at about an all-time high of 44 times earnings, based on Yale professor Robert Shiller"s measure, which tracks prices compared with 10-year earnings and adjusts for inflation. That compares with a long-run average of about 16. Buying at those kinds of values, "you"d better believe you"re going to get dismal returns for a considerable chunk of time," said Mr. Grantham, whose firm predicted 10 years ago that the S＆P 500 likely would lose nearly 2% a year in the 10 years through 2009. Despite the woeful returns this decade, stocks today aren"t a steal. The S＆P is trading at a price-to-earnings ratio of about 20 on Mr. Shiller"s measure. Mr. Grantham thinks U.S. large-cap stocks are about 30% overpriced, which means returns should be about 30% less than their long-term average for the next seven years. That means returns of just 1.6% a year before adding in inflation. Another hurdle for the stock market has been the decline in dividends that began in the late 1980s. Over the long term, dividends have played an important role in helping stocks achieve a 9.5% average annual return since 1926. But since that year, the average yield on S＆P 500 stocks was roughly 4%. This decade it has averaged about 1.8%, said North Carolina State"s Mr. Jones. That difference "doesn"t sound like much," said Mr. Jones, "but you"ve got to make it up through price appreciation. " Unless dividends rise back toward their long-term averages, Mr. Jones thinks investors may need to lower expectations. Rather than the nearly 10% a year that has been the historical average, stocks may be good for only about 7%.

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问答题自信就是力量——吸引人、说服人、影响人并取得成功的力量。设想一下，如果你充满自信，你的生活会是怎样一番景象! 自信并非来自遗传，是需要后天学习的。这就意味着，你也可以充满自信。从现在、从这里开始。 自信首先从想法开始。你怎么样看待自己，很大程度影响了你觉得自己怎样。转而也影响了你说话、做事的方式。 没有你的同意，谁也无法将你看低一等。 充满自信的第一步是要开始自信地看待自己。注意自己的内心对话，注意你什么时候让消极和怀疑控制了自己的思想。 你周围的环境对你有着莫大的影响。你读的书，和你待在一起的人，你听的音乐都对你的思维方式、对自己的感觉以及对世界的看法产生影响。

问答题Why do some business groups form an "unlikely alliance" with the Catholic church and Latinos in the debate? (Para. 6)

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问答题As they do every week, the 90 members of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity at Oregon State University file into their dining hall for a very different kind of frat party. The rows of scrubbed and pressed young men sit down to eat under the watchful eye of the brother who is acting as manners chair. No swearing is permitted. Napkins on laps are required. Small bites are urged instead of gulps. Scofflaws must do penalty push-ups or pay a fine into the piggy bank in the middle of each table. Call it the new fratiquette, but these weekly civility sessions are just a small part of a growing reform movement led by SigEp, the country's largest fraternity. As colleges continue to crack down on binge drinking, hazing and general hooliganism, some fraternities are redefining the Greek experience in order to save it. Oregon State's is among the 256 SigEP chapters nationwide that have adopted the Balanced Man Program, an intensive four-year fraternity experience created 13 years ago by concerned SigEp leaders to shift the center of life in the houses from beer-soaked blowouts to activities that promote healthy living and self-respect. To eliminate hazing, the program does away with the pledge system—all recruits are equal members from Day One. Alcohol is allowed, but booze-free activities are encouraged. The SigEps of Oregon State were a long way from such genteel pursuits just five years ago. At a school that offers a degree in fermentation sciences, the SigEps of old stood out for their love of inebriation. "When I got here in 2001, it was awful," says Mike Powers, 20, a senior. "Drugs were coming in, grades were falling. There were nothing but monster parties." The chapter hit bottom that fall when a single party resulted in a whopping $195,000 in fines for 26 separate counts of providing alcohol to minors. The house needed a fresh start, which led to a purge of partyers in which a third of the brothers left the chapter. "We needed to get rid of the cancers of the fiat," says Powers. Today the chapter, reorganized under the Balanced Man Program, has rebounded. Membership is almost back to prepurge levels, and last summer the chapter won a national SigEp award that placed it in the top 15% in academics and community service of all chapters in the country. But the frat makeovers have their detractors. In the rush to save fraternity life, some say, SigEp and the Balanced Man Program may be ruining it. "Some of my best experiences in college were stupid things I did with my friends, usually involving alcohol," says Kevin Stange, whose SigEp chapter at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was frequently in trouble with the national organization when he was a student in the late 1990s and which eventually closed for several years. "We never went too far, though," says Stange. "And the real reason people join frats is to have fun. Balanced Man doesn't address that." Online chat rooms like greekchat, com are ablaze with debate about the changes. As one SigEp who clearly missed the etiquette lessons wrote, "The [Balanced Man Program] has effectively cut the balls [off] our fraternity. " The number of new SigEp recruits has increased 11% since 1999. Insurance premiums, which have a habit of rising when fiat boys burn down their houses or fail off their balconies, have gone down the past two years. The average GPA for SigEp's members has reached the 3.0 mark, which is the highest of all fraternities. Following SigEp's lead, other national fraternities have rolled out similar programs, from Sigma Alpha Epsilon's True Gentleman to Beta Theta Pi's Men of Principle. According to some members, there's an unexpected bonus from all these reforms: women seem to like them. "They can go to 21 other fraternities to get drunk," says Oregon State SigEp member Cameron Saffer. "Here you find respectful young men. /

问答题Paraphrase the sentence "Even if it does, it bodes ill for the public role of the Fourth Estate". (Para. 6)

问答题Many female PhD graduates have encountered an embarrassing problem: the high degree seems to be a disadvantage to them when they start dating. Topic: Is a PhD degree a disadvantage for young females? Questions for reference: 1. Is it true that it is difficult for female PhD students to find their true love? 2. What are the social and historical reasons? 3. What do you think of the position of the female PhD graduates in society?

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问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. You may take notes while you are listening.

问答题Like the replacement of its old buildings with skyscrapers and the widening of two-lane roads into superhighways, China is instituting massive financial reform to foster growth and prosperity. The government has won global respect for its willingness to tackle banking, securities and state enterprise reform and to begin opening China"s markets. At the same time, the government has wisely realized that export growth and foreign direct investment alone cannot drive the kind of growth necessary to sustain development in China. The fact is that domestic consumption will become increasingly more important in fueling China"s continuing economic growth. As we have seen in many markets around the world, the development of consumer finance has been critical in stimulating domestic consumption. The use of credit plays an essential role in economic development. Credit provides consumers with more options, and allows them to choose from a wider variety of products and services to meet their desired lifestyles. And the use of credit cards in particular gets cash out from under the bed and begins to build banking habits. But the role of credit does not stop here. It is merely a starting point in the economic development cycle. An increase in consumer spending power leads to greater demand for goods and services. This in turn spurs growth in small-to-medium-sized businesses. The end result is a more mature, diversified economy. based around strong domestic demand and supply, and less vulnerable to external pressures. Think of it as an insurance policy against another regional economic downturn. While parallel development of the consumer finance and credit card industries is needed for long-term economic growth, other initiatives are also necessary to fully develop a sound. strong credit environment. China is changing, and so are its consumers. It wasn"t so long ago that consumers had limited choices in the purchase of goods and services. But today, consumers are faced with a tremendous amount of choice, which is increasing every day. The development of new payment systems and options must proceed in tandem with growth in consumer choice. To ensure appropriate consumer response and to help make for a smooth transition, educational and legislative programs are paramount. For example, consumer education on the wise use of credit and financial planning will promote responsible card usage. And consumer rights legislation will help instill consumer confidence in the industry. Providing a strong foundation for the sound issuance of credit cards can also be achieved through risk management initiative such as the establishment of a centralized credit bureau. This will allow banks to ascertain if consumers have a past credit rating and are a "good" risk. All these compelling areas—consumer education, legislation, and risk management—combined with continued infrastructure development, will enable China"s payment systems to expand and evolve to the next level.

问答题Alabama chief justice Roy Moore has long displayed a reverence—or obsession, depending on your point of view—for the Ten Commandments. The Scripture has been a good calling card for Moore, gaining him notoriety far beyond the realm of circuit-court judges after he first decorated his courtroom in 1995 with a hand-carved rosewood plaque bearing God"s laws. He prevailed over civil libertarians who sued for its removal, and rode his fame even further in 2000, when he was elected chief justice of Alabama"s supreme court on the slogan "Roy Moore: Still the Ten Commandments Judge". But while he earned folk-hero status among Evangelicals and conservatives, last week he finally pushed the legal establishment too far when he ignored a federal court order to remove his largest monument to the Commandments, a 5,280-1b. granite carving known as Roy"s Rock. Moore and some helpers had installed the sculpture in the rotunda of the state"s judicial building during off-hours one night in 2001. In a stunning show of defiance by a jurist, Moore disregarded the urging of all eight of his fellow supreme court justices and Alabama"s attorney general to comply with the federal ruling that the religious artifact is inappropriate in a court of law. Instead Moore declared, to the amens of supporters gathered on the building"s portico, "I will never, never deny the God upon whom our laws and country depends." The hundreds of protesters had flocked to Moore"s monument last week as if to a revival, carrying Bibles, wooden crosses and placards with phrases like KEEP THE COMMANDMENTS. DUMP THE FEDS. But within 24 hours of Moore"s speech, his judicial colleagues suspended him from the bench and ordered him to face trial before the Alabama Court of the Judiciary, which can remove judges for ethical violations. The legal case, brought by several civil-liberties groups, is virtually open and shut. Moore"s lawyers had argued that U.S. law is founded on the Ten Commandments, which are displayed, more subtly and often surrounded by secular legal symbols, in other government buildings around the country. But federal District Judge Myron Thompson said in his ruling that Roy"s Rock is "nothing less than an obtrusive year-round religious display ... The only way to miss the religious or nonsecular appearance of the monument would be to walk through the Alabama State Judicial Building with one"s eyes closed." A federal appeals court agreed, and the U.S. Supreme Court declined to issue a stay in the case. Moore has said he plans to file an appeal with the Supreme Court by late September, but legal experts don"t expect the court to take it. "[Moore] does not have any laws of man to stand on," says University of Alabama law professor Bryan K. Fair. "He"s claiming to stand on the laws of God. Apparently he has some difficulty recognizing the separate spheres of his own creed and the laws of the people of Alabama. " Moore"s supporters have compared him to Martin Luther King, to Daniel, and even to Moses. The son of a construction worker, Moore, 56, grew up in northeast Alabama and worshipped at a Baptist church, not "an overbearing church where they shout and dance around", says his brother Jerry, "just a nice little country church". Moore graduated from West Point, served in Vietnam in the military police and earned his law degree at the University of Alabama. After losing a hard-fought election for circuit judge in 1982, Moore turned from law to more exotic battles, training as a kickboxer and wrangling cattle in Australia. It was at this stage in his life that Moore carved his plaque of the Ten Commandments and, after being appointed as a circuit judge, hung it in his courtroom and started making headlines. The first lawsuit seeking to remove it was ultimately dismissed on a technicality. His victories in the court of public opinion, however, have been more decisive. He won his chief-justice post with 54% of the vote, and in a July poll of Alabama residents, 77% said they approve of his stone monument. His popularity has led to speculation that Moore is angling for higher office, although his staff denies that. In the meantime, however, his current job depends largely on whether he decides to obey the commandments of his legal colleagues.

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问答题In what ways are Europeans different from Americans in their view of society?

问答题Why has the funding gap between what students can afford and what higher education costs got wider and wider?

问答题Questions 7～10 You"re probably familiar with the necessity of networking in advancing your career. But how well you network often depends on how well you schmooze. Successful schmoozing isn"t glad- handing or insincere sucking up—although expressing sincere admiration can be an important schmooze tactic. Instead, it"s the grease that starts the wheels of networking. Sehmoozing is nothing more than making casual, easygoing conversation with strangers. Networking is the art of the follow-up. When you have the schmoozing down, your networking can be effective. But starting a casual conversation with a strange—especially when that stranger has the power to boost your career—can be nerve-wracking for even the most outgoing people. Experts have some recommendations for making business schmoozing natural, enjoyable, and effortless (or at least appear that way): 1. Investigate. Find out who in your profession or related profession could be good to know, and learn more about them. A good start is to find out if they have an online presence, such as social and professional networking sites. If you know they"re going to be attending a professional event, find a way to attend. And if yon learn that person shares an interest with you, say, a love of a sports team or hobby, that"s great knowledge you can use to start a conversation. 2. Go beyond the usual suspects. Plenty of professionals want to meet the CEO, CIO, or C-whoever-can-help. But often those people are deluged with requests, are harder to approach, and may be too high up to advance your career. Experts recommend schmoozing administrative assistants. They"re the gatekeepers in most businesses and may have valuable information on the inner workings of the organization. But you always want to project professionalism and good etiquette when schmoozing administrative assistants. 3. Sehmooze well before you need something. If you want the other person to set you up with a job or a new business after a two-minute conversation, set your sights lower. You don"t want to look desperate. Schmoozing should be a warm-up, establishing contact and making the person feel comfortable with you long before you ask for something. The time between initial schmooze and asking for what you really want could be up to six months. 4. Prepare a short self-introduction. Forget the 15-second "elevator speech" you"ve heard about. In less than nine seconds you should give the benefit of what you do, but not the title. If you say something like "I make sure people have a roof over their heads," it will arouse curiosity and encourage them to ask a question. It"s also a good idea to link your self-introduction to the event. 5. Focus on the other person. Studies show that when you ask people questions about themselves, they come away from the conversation with a more favorable impression of you. Then again, don"t play 20 questions. If they aren"t interested in engaging at all, have a polite exit strategy and move on. And remember, if you are uncomfortable talking with strangers, your new contact may be just as uncomfortable. 6. Stoke the ego, but don"t suck up. It"s a fine line between expressing admiration and being obsequious. If you want to give a compliment, whether it"s on someone"s shoes or their recently published article, try to be genuine and don"t gush. If you"re not sure how to use flattery well, practice with a friend who can give you feedback. Good schmoozing opens the possibility of future contact. If a conversation goes well, ask for a business card. If the other person doesn"t want to be contacted, don"t take it personally. If they provide their information, send a quick, conversational email two days later to remind them about your conversation. Then you can ask politely for a small favor. You can say, "I"ve been interested in learning more about X, and I would love to hear from you if you have some ideas." A request like that is not big enough to put them on the defensive.

问答题传统的中国画，不模仿自然，是以表现自然，是以表现心灵舒发性情为主体的意象主义艺术，画中意象与书法中的文字一样，是一种适于书写的极度概括抽象的象征符号，伴随着意象符号的是传统的程式表现技巧。古代的大师们创造着独自心中的意象及其程式，风格迥异，生机勃勃。 后来，多数人惯于对古人程式的模仿，所作之画千人一面。这样的画作一泛滥，雅的不再雅，俗的则更俗。近代中国画仍然在庸俗没落的模式漩涡中进退两难，阿文与当今的有识同行一样，有志标新立异，寻找自我，建立起现代的属于自己的新意象、新格局，且一直背靠着高雅的传统。

问答题弘扬中华文化，建设中华民族共有精神家园。中华文化是中华民族生生不息、团结奋进的不竭动力。要全面认识祖国传统文化，取其精华，去其糟粕，使之与当代社会相适应、与现代文明相协调，保持民族性，体现时代性。加强中华优秀文化传统教育，运用现代科技手段开发利用民族文化丰厚资源。加强对各民族文化的挖掘和保护，重视文物和非物质文化遗产保护，做好文化典籍整理工作。加强对外文化交流，吸收各国优秀文明成果，增强中华文化国际影响力。