问答题Some critics believe that the very concept of intellectual property is mistaken. Unlike physical property, ideas are non-rivalrous goods that can be used by many people at the same time without making them any less useful. The term "intellectual property" was widely adopted only in the 1960s, as a way to bundle trademarks, copyrights and patents. Those critics argue that today"s rights are too strict and make the sharing of knowledge too expensive.
The paradox about intellectual property in IT and telecommunications is that it eases the exchange of technology and acts as a bottleneck for innovation at the same time. The whole system is in a stage of transformation. "Markets require institutions, and institutions take a long time to develop. Today, the institutions for a "market for technology" are not well developed, and it is costly to use this market," says a specialist.
Ideas are to the information age what the physical environment was to the industrial one: the raw material of economic progress. Just as pollution or an irresponsible use of property rights threatens land and climate, so an overly stringent system of intellectual-property rights risks holding back technological progress. Disruptive innovation that threatens the existing order must be encouraged, but the need to protect ideas must not be used as an excuse for greed. Finding the fight balance will test the industry, policymakers and the public in the years ahead.
问答题我们要创造更加良好的政治环境和更加自由的学术氛围，让人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科学，探索自然的奥秘、社会的法则和人生的真谛。做学问、搞科研，尤 其需要倡导“独立之精神，自由之思想”。正因为有了充分的学术自由，像牛顿这样在人类历史上具有伟大影响的科学家，才能够思潮奔腾、才华迸发，敢于思考前 人从未思考过的问题，敢于踏进前人从未涉足的领域。不久前，我同中国科学家交流时提出，要大力营造敢于创造、敢冒风险、敢于批判和宽容失败的环境，鼓励自 由探索，提倡学术争鸣。
我们历来主张尊重世界文明的多样性，倡导不同文明之间的对话、交流与合作。我国已故著名社会学家费孝通先生， 上世纪30年代曾就读于伦敦政治经济学院并获 得博士学位，一生饱经沧桑。他在晚年提出：“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，世界大同。” 费老先生的这一人生感悟，生动反映了当代中国人开放包容的胸怀。
问答题It is reported that small-sized jellies caused suffocation of a child. In fact, some countries have set up very detailed standards for the size of the jellies and the European Union banned the sale of small-sized jellies last year. China"s related regulations still contain no details on the shape and size of jelly products.
Topic: Food security and food quality
Questions for Reference:
1. A child died from suffocation after eating jellies. Whose fault is it?
2. What are the lessons for manufacturers and regulations concerning food safety?
3. Generally speaking, what do you think of the food available on the market? What"s your suggestion ?
问答题A hundred years after the Wright brothers" triumph at Kitty Hawk, the European consortium Airbus announced a milestone of its own—surpassing the American aviation giant Boeing in the number of airliners delivered in 2003. Airbus, based in Toulouse, France, is now beating its U.S. rival at its own game of size and distance: The 555- passenger, long-range A380, bigger than any Boeing, is already in production.
Airbus"s success should be no surprise. American and France may be sparring diplomatically, but technologically the two nations have had a long love affair. Each has developed outstanding innovations, and each has assiduously exploited the other"s ideas.
Even the current U.S. military-industrial hegemony has some decidedly French roots. Sylvanus Thayer graduated from West Point in 1808, spent two years in Europe, and was utterly taken with French military thought and training. When he became superintendent in 1817, Thayer modeled the academy"s demanding technical curriculum and ethic of honor and service after France"s Ecole Polytechnique. Classics on sieges and fortifications by Louis XIV"s engineering genius, Marshal Sebastien Le Prestre de Vauban, were standard texts; studying French was de rigueur.
The French connection persisted into the Civil War. The Minie bullet that made that conflict"s rifle-muskets three times as deadly as earlier weapons was originally developed by French officers. In 1885, the French ordnance engineer Paul Vieille introduced smokeless powder. French artillerymen invented the revolutionary hydropneumatic recoil that allows cannons to remain murderously locked on target for shot after shot. And where would the Navy SEALs be without scuba gear, developed in 1943 on the French Riviera by Emile Gagnan and a soon-to-be famous French officer, Jacques Cousteau?
Even interchangeable parts, the foundation of America"s mass production," have French roots. The historian of science Ken Alder has shown that a French gunsmith was using such a system as early as the 1720s. By the 1780s, French military officials were introducing uniform jigs and fixtures at arms factories to enforce strict tolerances and ensure deadlier firearms and ordnance. Thomas Jefferson praised the system, and while it fell into disuse in France in the 19th century, U.S. armories embraced it. Related methods became known in Europe as the American System and, later, as Fordism.
Speaking of Ford, what could be more American than the automobile? Yet a Frenchman built the first self-propelled vehicle, powered by steam, more than 200 years ago. A hundred years later the French company Panhard introduced the basic architecture that automobiles have followed ever since. Henry Ford"s triumphs depended not just on standardization but on use of strong, rust-resistant vanadium steel, which had impressed him in the wreck of a French racing car.
Long before Airbus, the French produced superlative aeronautical engineers. They were the first Europeans to acclaim the Wrights" breakthroughs in aircraft control, and they made key improvements. French inventors, especially Louis Bleriot and Robert Esnault-Pelterie, created the monoplane as we know it, which is why we still speak of fuselages and ailerons. Esnault-Pelterie was also the father of the joystick.
Flag-waving Americans may reply that many of France"s own technological triumphs rely on ideas born here. French high-speed trains lead the world today, but as the railroad historian Mark Reutter has shown, the Budd Co. of Philadelphia was already building lightweight, articulated streamliners in the 1930s. And France now gets 75 percent of its electricity from America"s great hope of 50 years ago, nuclear power. Social legislation also helps make France a showplace of other U.S. innovations, vending machines (limited retailing hours) and mass-produced antibiotics (generous health benefits).
In fact, the French have so often jettisoned their heritage in favor of novel technology that it sometimes takes Americans to defend it. The Cornell University scholar Steven Kaplan has revived the art of French bread making, and Mother Noella Marcellino, an American Benedictine nun with a Ph. D. in microbiology, has been saving the classic cheese of France from pasteurization—a process invented by the Frenchman Louis Pasteur.
It"s pointless to debate who owes more to whom, and far more interesting to rejoice in cross-appropriation. Airbus has many U.S. suppliers, and Boeing will jump ahead sooner or later in the endless technological leapfrog. The last word may belong to the sage perhaps Oscar Wilde—who said, "Talents imitate; geniuses steal. "
问答题
问答题Topic：A Year of Economic Recovery Questions for Reference. 1. Many economists say that the year 2009 was a year of economic recovery for China. What was the goal of the annual GDP growth rate set by the Chinese Government7 2. This recovery was due to the forcefulness of the Chinese government's policies. The best-known and most effective measure is the 4-trillion-yuan stimulus plan. The major investment was put in infrastructure construction. Could you explain what infrastructure means? Name and describe one or two instances of infrastructure construction in 2009. 3. The economic recovery in 2009 has also improved the life of ordinary Chinese people. Say something about how you and your family, or your relatives or friends, have benefited from this economic recovery?
问答题It was a political reality Mr. Obama seemed to recognize the moment he took the stage. He directly confronted the political debate that erupted after the rampage, asking people of all beliefs not to use the tragedy to turn on one another. He called for an end to partisan recriminations, and for a unity that has seemed increasingly elusive as each day has brought more harsh condemnations from the left and the right. It was one of the more powerful addresses that Mr. Obama has delivered as president, harnessing the emotion generated by the shock and loss from Saturday’s shootings to urge Americans “to remind ourselves of all the ways that our hopes and dreams are bound together”.
问答题Since multinationals first started scouring the earth for labor and markets, their interests have always gone beyond those of the nation-state in which they were headquartered. But what is going on today, on the flat earth, is such a difference of degree that it amounts to a difference in kind. Companies have never had more freedom and less friction, in the way of assigning research, low-end manufacturing, and high-end manufacturing anywhere in the world. What this will mean for the long-term relationship between companies and the country in which they are headquartered is simply unclear.
The cold, hard truth is that management, shareholders, and investors are largely indifferent to where their profits come from or even where the employment is created. But they do want sustainable companies. Politicians, though, are compelled to stimulate the creation of jobs in a certain place. And residents—whether they are Americans, Europeans, or Indians—want to know that the good jobs are going to stay close at home.
The world is getting increasingly flat with the introduction of Internet and other new technologies. This is what happens when you move from a vertical (command and control) world to a much more horizontal (connect and collaborate) flat world. Your boss can do his job and your job. He can give you instructions day or night. So you are never out. You are always in. Therefore, you are always on. Bosses, if they are inclined, can collaborate more directly with more of their staff than even before—no matter who they are or where they are in the hierarchy.
问答题When pastor Ken Baugh announced he'd be devoting eight consecutive Sundays to analyzing The Da Vinci Code in the run-up to its film release, he knew some members of his Southern California megachurch would be skeptical. But Baugh also knew that many of his congregants had read the book and that many more would see the movie. "Dan Brown did the church a favor," Baugh says. "He forced people who call themselves followers of Christ to investigate what that really means. " Baugh is hardly alone. Evangelical leaders have attempted to seize on Brown's success as an opportunity to reinforce the faith of believers and to win new souls. In the three years since the book's release, evangelical writers and thinkers have produced a flurry of books, study guides, and DVDs to counter Dan Brown's fiction. "This movie will be a major cultural phenomenon, so discussions about Jesus and the church will happen," says Robert Johnston, a professor of theology and culture at Fuller Theological Seminary. "The only question is whether the church will be a part of the conversation." Turnabout. To be sure, evangelical leaders have been critical of The Da Vinci Code. "This has all the evidence of something cooked up in the fires of hell," evangelical radio broadcaster James Dobson said on Focus on the Family. It's because the book and film pose such a threat, many evangelicals say, that it warrants a strong response. "We're making the best of a situation that is going to do a lot of damage," says Erwin Lutzer of Chicago's Moody Church and author of The Da Vinci Deception. "When you are faced with a dam that seems to be breaking, you can't prop it up by saying, 'We're going to stand against it.'" It's a remarkable turnabout from the outcry that greeted Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ, in 1988, when Campus Crusade for Christ called for a boycott. Rather than boycott The Da Vinci Code, Campus Crusade has retained popular evangelical speaker Josh McDowell, author of The Da Vinci Code: A Quest for Answers, to challenge Brown's assertions. "I don't recommend people go to the movie, but 90 percent of them will," says McDwell. "The guy is a phenomenal writer, and I can't take that away from him." The reaction represents a shift within the evangelical community. "Five years ago, there might have been more of a backlash against this film," says Calvin College Prof. William Romanowski. "But movies like The Passion of the Christ changed attitudes.., evangelicals are now trying to penetrate the mainstream media." Sony Pictures, which is distributing The Da Vinci Code, has created an online forum for religious leaders to discuss the film, the davincidialogue, com. Sony may be betting that even critical comments will generate buzz, but evangelicals say they also stand to benefit. "The real history of Christianity ... is far more complex" than in The Da Vinci Code, writes the Christian Broadcasting Network's Gordon Robertson. "[It's] filled with enough flesh and blood to make it a better story than the one Dan Brown invented. " 4. What is pastor Ken Baugh's attitude towards the novel The Da Vinci Code? What does he mean by saying that "Dan Brown did the church a favor"? 5. Why did the author mention Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ? What is the change in the evangelical community's reaction to The Da Vinci Code? 6. Paraphrase the two sentences from the passage: a) "The only question is whether the church will be a part of the conversation. "(para. 2) b) "The guy is a phenomenal writer, and I can't take that away from him. "(para. 4)
问答题我们将坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向，进一步推动制度创新，不断深化改革，激发全社会的创造活力，增强经济社会发展的内在动力。我们将坚持对外开放的基本国策，建立更加开放的市场体系，在更大范围、更广领域、更高层次上参与国际经济技术合作和竞争。我们将坚持走新型工业化道路，着力调整经济结构和加快转变经济增长方式，提高经济增长的质量和效益，大力发展循环经济，建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。我们相信，只要坚定不移地走符合中国国情的发展道路，我们就一定能够实现既定的奋斗目标，为维护世界和平、促进共同发展发挥更大的建设性作用。
问答题
问答题
问答题新中国正在成长，建设新中国需要中国人悠久传统的智慧。我们的国家和许多其他成功的国家都面临物质的诱惑，重视个人和家庭责任的古老道德传统将使中国受益匪浅。在中国如今经济成功的背后，有着朝气蓬勃的人才。在不久的将来，这些人将在这个政府中发挥积极和全面的作用。这所大学不仅在培养专家，同时也在培育公民。这些公民不是国家事务的旁观者，而是未来建设的参与者。
问答题
问答题
问答题孔子学院秉承孔子“和为贵”、“和而不同”的理念，推动中外文化的交流与融合，以建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界为宗旨。儒家“吾日三省吾身”等理念早已广为人知。在不久的将来，国际上汉语热潮将持续涌动。不可否认，汉语热的出现是我国综合国力不断增强的表现。改革开放以来，我国的国内生产总值以高于8%的平均增长率持续增长。孔子学院和汉语热的兴起印证了“国富民强，国强语盛”的说法。同时，作为创新知识、传播文化、传承文明的学术机构，大学理应在促进不同文化的交流与理解、维护世界和平与人类共同发展等方面承担起更大的责任。
问答题
问答题
问答题
问答题