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问答题Questions 7～10 When the automated player-piano was invented in the mid-19th century, companies that sold sheet music groused. When commercial radio took off, musicians bellyached that it would destroy them. So too, with the introduction of gramophones and tape recorders, did established businesses of the day try to block the inventions to protect their commercial interests. In each case, public interest defeated the private, and the technologies flourished (often, ironically, to the benefit of the party that originally objected). For instance, movie studios tried to outlaw Sony's Betamax because it could be used to infringe film copyright. In 1984, America's Supreme Court ruled the devices legal because they were "capable of substantial non-infringing uses." Today, the home-video market is almost three times larger than Hollywood box-office receipts. On March 29th, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments regarding peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing software. This lets internet users obtain files of, say, music or video quickly and inexpensively by cleverly sharing the content among many users. In over 90% of the cases, the files downloaded infringe copyrights. Some 28 entertainment companies have joined together against two P2P software makers, StreamCast Networks and Grokster, claiming that they are accountable for "secondary liability" of copyright infringement because they knowingly turn a blind eye to the illegal activities of users. The entertainment industry is arguing that business models predicated on the theft of intellectual property should be declared illegal. Technology firms counter that to restrict companies according to how their technology is used by customers would hand media firms a veto power over technical innovation any time it seems to threaten their interests. The Supreme Court will have to reexamine its 1984 Betamax decision in light of the internet and digital devices from the PC to the iPod and digital video recorders. One lower court has found that P2P software makers are not liable, because the product is capable of legal uses. But another court interpreted the 1984 ruling differently, finding against P2P by highlighting the ruling's indication that there should be "commercially significant" non-infringing uses for "legitimate" purposes. Recording companies complain that the decline in music sales in the past few years (save for a small uptick in 2004) is due largely to illegal file-sharing. Millions of people use P2P systems, downloading 2.6 billion songs a month and 400,000 films a day, accounting for over half of all internet traffic by some measures. Faced with the inability to get courts to shut down P2P networks, the industry has sued thousands of alleged pirates worldwide, and backed legislation that would ban technologies that "induce" infringement. A ruling against the P2P systems would slow, but would probably be too narrowly specific to end, the growth of firms exploiting the technology. A win for the media firms would help them negotiate agreements with the cottage industry of firms aiming to get into online music distribution. The entertainment industry would probably refocus its legal battles on targeting internet service providers. But the cost of this could be huge. It could dramatically set back the adoption of the many beneficial uses of P2P, from legitimate content distribution—such as individuals sharing their family photos or their home-recorded music online—to grid-computing. Theft of intellectual property is wrong, of course. But technologies exist that can prevent it—and even let media firms harness the internet to make money, as in the previous battles between content owners and new technologies. The Supreme Court should retain the Betamax principle. It is not the role of law to block innovation.1.What does the author mean by saying "public interest defeated the private, and the technology flourished" (para.2)?

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问答题据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。 虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。 上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。

问答题To read trash, to flaunt trash, to prefer trash to "better" literature was a not-so-subtle way of asserting one's independence against one's social superiors. It was a way of saying that we are masters of our own culture. It was a way of saying that we are Americans. It still is. From crime pamphlets to dime novels to the "yellow press" to the movies to the tabloids to the trash of today, one theme keeps emerging. In a world culturally divided between the genteel and everything else, Americans opt for trash over alt that is supposed to be good for them as much because they resent being told what they should like as because they like trash. Seen this way, trash is not an escape from life, as some would have it; it is an escape from seriousness, which is no doubt why trash in the form of our movies, TV shows, music and popular literature has become one of our chief exports. You don't have to be American to want to play hooky from high culture, though Americans may be prouder of it than anyone else.

问答题Some people would say that the Englishman's home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average English is keen on working with his own hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one: the high cost of labour has meant that the builders' and decorators' costs have reached a level which makes them prohibitive for house. proud English people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the "Do-it-yourself Movement". The "Do-it-yourself Movement" began with home decorating but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cannot be made by the "do-it-yourself" method. A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful handymen of all ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee table to a fifteen-foot(4.5 meters) sailing dinghy. All you need, it seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow the simple instructions step by step and, before you know where you are, the finished article stands before you, complete in every detail. Unfortunately, alas, it is not always quite as simple as it sounds! Many a budding "do-it-yourself" has found to his cost that one cannot learn a skilled craftsman's job overnight. How quickly one realizes, when doing it oneself, that a job which takes the skilled man an hour or so to complete takes the amateur handyman five to six at least. And then there is the question of tools. The first thing the amateur learns is that he must have the right tools for the job. But tools cost money. There is also the wear and tear on the nerves. It is not surprising then that many people have come to the conclusion that the expense of paying professionals to do the work is, in the long run, more economical than "do-it-yourself".

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问答题滔滔长江，从青藏高原奔腾而下，逶迤千里，近中游地段，挟雷廷万钧之力，截断巫山，直奔东海而去。被江水横断的巫山山脉，呈东北——西南走向，耸峙于川鄂边境，恰与长江垂直。沿江层峦叠峰，悬岩绝壁，十分雄伟险峻。江水在崇山峻岭中穿过，咆哮翻腾，声如雷鸣。这一段就是举世闻名的“长江三峡”。 现在，中国人民开发长江水利的宏图，正在逐步变成现实。在长江三峡下游宜昌以西，建成目前国内最大的水利工程——葛洲坝水利枢纽。水电站的电流，源源不断地流向长江两岸的城市和农村。三峡两岸，果树成林，工厂连成一片。1994年12月14日，当今世界上最大的水利枢纽工程——长江三峡工程正式开工兴建，2009年将全部竣工。这里不仅是我国重要的工农业生产基地，而且是游览的胜地。

问答题我们正处在一个快速发展变化的世界里。世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化深入推进，各种挑战层出不穷，各国利益紧密相连。零和博弈、冲突对抗早已不合时宜，同舟共济、合作共赢成为时代要求。 中国人历来讲究“信”。2000多年前，孔子就说：“人而无信，不知其可也。”信任是人与人关系的基础、国与国交往的前提。我们要通过经常性沟通，积累战略互信。中国宋代诗人辛弃疾有一句名句，叫作“青山遮不住，毕竟东流去”。只要我们坚定方向、锲而不舍，就一定能推动中美两国关系建设得到更大发展。

问答题Shakespeare For any Englishman, there can never be any discussion as to who is the world"s greatest poet and greatest dramatist. Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. All of US use words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare"s writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people. Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we use, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that "it was full of well-known proverbs and quotations!" Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the great sources of the English language. Most of US use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in Iris works used about twenty-five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman!) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners), even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare"s day. It is paradoxical that we should know comparatively little about the life of the greatest English author. We know that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon, and that he dies there in 1616. He almost certainly attended the Grammar School in the town, but of this we cannot be sure. We know he was married there in 1582 to Anne Hathaway and that he has three children, a boy and two girls. We know that he spent much of his life in London writing his masterpieces. But this is almost all that we do know. However, what is important about Shakespeare"s life is not its incidental details but its products, the plays and the poems. For many years scholars have been trying to add a few facts about Shakespeare"s life to the small number we already possess and for an equally long time critics have been theorizing about the plays. Sometimes, indeed, it seems that the poetry of Shakespeare will disappear beneath the great mass of comment that has been written upon it. Fortunately this is not likely to happen. Shakespeare"s poetry and Shakespeare"s people (Macbeth, Othello, Hamlet, Falstaff and all the others) have long delighted not just the English but lovers of literature everywhere, and will continue to do so after the scholars and commentators and all their works have been forgotten.

问答题Questions 4～6 Despite their reputation for incompetence, corruption and abuse, Mexico"s police and military are pretty good anti-drug cops. That is, when they want to be. In recent weeks there has been some impressive interdiction work south of the border, including last week"s seizure of 23. 5 tons of cocaine—with a street value of more than $ 400 million—at the Pacific coast port of Manzanillo. It was, in fact, the largest coke bust in Mexico"s history. But there is a strong incentive for the massive show of efficiency: the U.S. Congress is currently debating whether to approve President Bush"s two-year, $1.4 billion anti-drug aid proposal for Mexico. Veteran observers remark that every time Mexico wants to ensure U. S. State Department certification in the drug war, scores of Mexican drug traffickers get rounded up. Every time Mexico wants U.S. helicopters, mountains of methamphetamines suddenly get intercepted on their way across the border. The problem is, once Mexico wins the prize, a lot of its law enforcement usually repays the favor by joining up again with the country"s drug cartels. That was the case a decade ago when, after Washington agreed to begin sharing important anti-drug intelligence with Mexico City, no less than Mexico"s drug czar, Army Gen. Jesus Guterriez Rebollo, was discovered to be in the pocket of Mexico"s major drug lord. "We"ve seen this movie before," says drug expert Bruce Bagley, professor of international relations at the University of Miami. "It"s gotten to be almost a ritual. " It"s time for a fresh approach: The U. S. has to make sure the aid is accompanied by a genuine modernization of Mexico"s local, state and federal law enforcement, whose officers all too often become members rather than opponents of Mexico"s $ 25 billion-a-year drug trafficking industry. Bagley believes the U. S. must be strict and demanding in that sense this time, echoing a chorus of anti-drug analysts in both Mexico and the U. S. And if we make this aid an open spigot without transparent and measurable criteria for the professionalization of Mexico"s police forces, then it risks being money wasted. Experts like Bagley agree that reform at least seems more likely under new Mexican President Felipe Calderon, who during his first year has made a major military push against the nation"s increasingly bloodthirsty drug cartels. (One of Calderon" s cabinet-level anti-drug advisers, Sigrid Arzt, is one of Bagley"s doctoral students.) Mexico"s Public Security Minister, Genaro Garcia Luna, has begun a serious purge of the federal police as well as a training program for federal and state cops under U. S. , Canadian and European tutors. None of that will mean much, of course, if Mexico doesn"t start paying its cops salaries decent enough to make them less vulnerable to drug cartel recruitment—and many feel a good chunk of the new aid package should be used for just that purpose. But either way, Garcia declared that last week"s Manzanillo seizure "reaffirms the reach of-Calderon"s strategy.., to break the operational networks of organized crime groups" in Mexico. Still, the stakes are higher this time because the U. S. is giving more money and more valuable equipment to Mexico than usual. Although the aid package doesn"t reach the annual $1 billion-plus that Washington shells out to Bogota under Plan Colombia, it contains a cache of high-tech law enforcement toys the U. S. has been wary to share in the past, due to the risk of having them fall into Mexican traffickers" hands. (The leaders of Mexico"s most vicious drug gang, a group of exarmy special forces soldiers known as the Zetas, are experts at high-tech communications. ) Among them: sophisticated telephone eavesdropping; systems to track cell phones; lie detector machines and, perhaps most important, criminal data bases. U.S. and Mexican officials also say heavyweight interdiction tools like Blackhawk helicopters are being discussed. As a result, many analysts believe the higher value of the aid package and its offerings could serve as more effective leverage to persuade Mexican law enforcement to finally get its act together—especially if it makes different police and military branches compete for the booty. But the aides real value is probably political, at least in the eyes of the Bush Administration. The conservative Calderon is a rare U.S. ally in a Latin America that is increasingly steering leftward. Because he won last year"s presidential election by a less than 1% margin, the White House sees the aid as a solid means of shoring up his stature at home and abroad. It also allows Bush to look as if he"s fulfilling his own 2000 campaign pledge to make Mexico a foreign policy priority—after the country was anything but the past seven years. The U.S. is in no position to cut off funding, given the unprecedented cross-border drug flow and drug-related bloodletting Mexico is suffering today. It"s the kind of south-of-the-border instability Washington can never stomach for too long. But perhaps this time there will some incentive for Mexico"s cops to deploy their skills long after U. S. aid arrives.

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问答题中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不凌弱”、“富不侮贫”的精神，主张“协和万邦”。中国人提倡“海纳百川，有容乃大”，主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。 今天，中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，既通过维护世界和平来发展自己，又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略，真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作，真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长，以合作谋和平、以合作促发展，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

问答题行路难，但人生之路谁都要走。有的人在赶路，心急切切，步急匆匆，眼中只有目标却忽略了风景，可路迢迢不知哪是终点。有的人如游客，不急不慌，走走停停，看花开花落，看云卷云舒。有时也在风中走，雨中行，心却像张开的网，放过焦躁苦恼。人生之路谁不走?只是走路时别忽略了一路的良辰美景。 一个人工作的地方是小的，居住的家是小的，社交的圈子是小的，有的人就越来越不满这缺乏 变化的单调。有的人却总是怡然自得，随遇而安。世界浩渺，一个人只能居于一隅。比海洋大的是天空，比天空大的是心灵，因为这小小的心灵内住着一只时起时落的想象鸟。人生旅途上，有人背负着名利急急奔走，有人回归自然，飘逸而行。

问答题European countries are buffeted by two global forces: One is climate change. The other is demography. Both prevalent pressures silently transform societies and the assumptions of public policy. The two have a lot in common. Both are easily recognized but less easily understood. Both are products of complex forces and unobtrusive influences. Both create huge effects from minuscule changes. A rise in global temperature by one degree or a fall in fertility by one point may sound trivial but, over 100 years, will make the earth unbearably hot, or reshape the size and composition of societies. Yet though every rich country has a climate-change policy, few have a population one (there are historical reasons for that). And just as everyone whinges about the weather, but does nothing about it, so everyone in Europe complains, but does nothing, about population. Received opinion holds that "demography is destiny" and that Europe is doomed by its death-spiral population numbers. American observers argue that Europe is fast becoming a barren, ageing, enfeebled place. Vast numbers of old people, they reckon, will be looked after, or neglected, by too few economically active adults, supplemented by restless crowds of migrants. The combination of low fertility, longer life and mass immigration will put intolerable pressure on public health, pensions and social services, probably leading to upheaval.

问答题 The greatest danger to our future is apathy. We cannot expect those living in poverty and ignorance to worry about saving the world. For those of us able to read this magazine, it is different. We can do something to preserve our planet. You may be overcome, however, by feelings of helplessness. You are just one person in a world of 6 billion. How can your actions make a difference? Best, you say, to leave it to decision makers. And so you do nothing. Can we overcome apathy? Yes, but only if we have hope. One reason for hope lies in the extraordinary nature of human intellectual accomplishment. A hundred years ago, the idea of a 747, of a man on the moon, of the Internet remained in the realm of science fiction. Yet we have seen those things and much, much more. So, now that we have finally faced up to the terrible damage we have inflicted on our environment, our ingenuity is working overtime to find technological solutions. But technology alone is not enough. We must engage with our hearts also. And it's happening around the world. Even companies once known only for profits and pollution are having a change of heart. Conoco, the energy company, worked with the Jane Goodall Institute (J. G. I. ) in Congo to build a sanctuary for orphaned chimpanzees. I formed this partnership when I realized that Conoco, during its exploration, used state-of-the-art practices designed to have the least possible impact on the environment. Many other companies are working on clean forms of energy, organic farming methods, less wasteful irrigation and so on. Another reason for hope is the resilience of nature—if it is given a helping hand. Fifteen years ago, the forests outside Gombe National Park in Tanzania had been virtually eliminated. More people lived there than the land could support. J. G. I. initiated the Lake Tanganyika Catchment Reforestation and Education Project (TACARE), a program active in 33 villages around the park. Today people improve their lives through environmentally sustainable projects, such as tree nurseries and wood lots. We provide health care, family-planning and education programs, especially for women. As their education increases, their family size tends to drop. While pollution still plagues much of the world, progress is being made. This May in Sudbury, Ont., I saw new forests that were recolonizing hills destroyed by 100 years of nickel mining. The community raised the money and worked for months spreading lime and planting vegetation on the blackened rock. I released the first brook trout into a once poisoned creek there. Animal species on the brink of extinction can be given a second chance through protection and captive breeding—even if preserving a habitat conflicts with economic interests. A company in Taiwan, China planned to build a rapid-transit line right through the only major remaining breeding ground of the rare pheasant-tailed jacana. There was an outcry, but it was the only economically viable route. Environmentalists worked with the company to come up with a solution—moving the breeding ground. Water was diverted back into nearby wetlands that had been drained by farmers, and suitable vegetation was replanted. In 2000 five birds hatched in their new home, and when I visited there the next year, even more birds had moved to the site. I derive the most hope from the energy and hard work of young people. Roots & Shoots, J. G. I. 's program for youth from preschool through university, is now active in 70 countries. The name is symbolic: roots and shoots together can break up brick walls, just as citizens of Earth together can overcome our problems. The more than 4,000 groups of young people are cleaning creeks, restoring prairies and wetlands, planting trees, clearing trash, recycling—and making their voices heard. We have huge power, we of the affluent societies, we who are causing the most environmental damage. For we are the consumers. We do not have to buy products from companies with bad environmental policies. To help us, the Internet is linking small grassroots movements so that people who once felt they were on their own can contact others with the same concerns. I feel deep shame when I look into the eyes of my grandchildren and think how much damage has been done to Planet Earth since I was their age. Each of us must work as hard as we can now to heal the hurts and save what is left.

问答题{{B}}Sectence Translation{{/B}} Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

问答题坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，关系到人民群众的切身利益和中华民族的生存发展。必须把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置。必须开发和推广节约、替代、循环利用和治理污染的先进适用技术，发展清洁能源和可再生能源，保护土地和水资源，建设科学合理的能源资源利用体系，提高能源资源利用效率。发展环保产业，加大节能环保投人，重点加强水、大气、土壤等污染防治，改善城乡人居环境。加强水利、林业、草原建设，加强荒漠化石漠化治理，促进生态修复。加强应对气候变化能力建设，为保护全球气候做出新贡献。

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