问答题According to the author, what are the "powerful forces" that can keep inflation "largely in check" ?

问答题1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥——奉浦大桥。 奉浦大桥是首座由地方筹资兴建的黄浦江大桥，奉贤县与市区有关部门和企业共同集资4.46亿元，仅用1年零7个月的时间即胜利建成。大桥的建成解决了长期困扰奉贤与浦南地区的过江问题，同时还改善了该地区的投资环境，为杭州湾北岸的开发建设打下了良好的基础。 金秋十月的黄浦江畔，徐浦、南浦、杨浦、奉浦四座大桥沐浴着金秋阳光，各显神姿，交相辉映，为上海这座充满生机与魅力的国际大都市增添了更加夺目的风采。不久的将来，上海还将建造更多的过江设施，把浦江两岸更紧密地连结在一起。

问答题A woman goes to work for a large corporation like IBM. She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. She likes the security of a definite salary and the security of knowing that there will always be a defined job to be done, a definite direction in which to exert her abilities. Perhaps the consciousness that ability will be rewarded is also important. A man goes to work for the government service. He is competent and hard-working, but he is not ambitious. He does not like to work under pressure or in a competitive environment. His real interests lie outside work in his lore of music. A brash young man who wants only to work for himself proceeds to set up his own business, starting with a hamburger franchise for which he borrows money. His satisfaction is to see things happen. He wants to be able to make things happen. He wants to look at the accounts at the end of the month and see what has happened. He wants the maximum responsibility and the maximum reward; he does not mind the risk. It is the urge to bring something about that defines the entrepreneur. This urge is not unlike that of the painter or writer. There is an urge to make something happen, something that was not there before. The medium chosen by the entrepreneur is action or operation. The aesthetic satisfaction is that of seeing something happening effectively, of seeing decisions correctly made. This satisfaction is made concrete by money. Money is the indicator of success but not necessarily the driving factor. The test would be simple: if an entrepreneur were suddenly given as much money as he wanted, would he stop his activities or use the money to develop new ones? History is very much on the side of the new activities. The entrepreneur seeks out opportunities; he tries things out; he makes decisions based as much on hunch as on analysis. Quite often he starts up a successful business which grows to such a size that his entrepreneurial style of management is no longer the best and he has to resign if the company is to survive. Entrepreneurs are the risk element in society, the evolutionary element that brings about change as distinct from the operating element that keeps things ticking over. In too many countries they are discouraged as being greedy and selfish.

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问答题传统的中国画，不模仿自然，是以表现心灵抒发情性为主体的意象主义艺术。画中意象与书法中的文字一样，是一种适于抒写的极度概括抽象的象征符号，伴随着意象符号的是传统的程式表现技巧。古代的大师们创造着独自心中的意象及其程式，风格迥异，生机勃勃。后来，多数人惯于对古人程式的模仿，所作之画千人一面。这样的画作一泛滥，雅的不再雅，俗的则更俗。近代中国画仍然在庸俗没落的模式漩涡中进退两难。阿文与当今的有识同行一样，有志标新立异，寻找自我，建立起现代的属于自己的新意象、新格局，且一直背靠着这高雅的传统。

问答题Some people might want a "double tall skinny hazelnut decal latte", but Howard Schultz is not one of them. The chairman and "chief global strategist" of the Starbucks coffee chain prefers a Sumatra roast with no milk, no sugar and poured from a French press—the kind of pure coffee, in fact, favoured by those coffee snobs who sneer at Starbucks, not just for its bewildering variety of choice and flavours (55,000 different drinks, by the company"s count), but for its very ubiquity—over 10,500 locations around the world, increasing at a rate of five a day, and often within sight of each other. Starbucks knows it cannot ignore its critics. Anti-globalisation protesters have occasionally trashed its coffee shops; posh neighbourhoods in San Francisco and London have resisted the opening of new branches; and the company is a favourite target of internet critics, on sites like www. ihatestarbucks, com. Mr. Schultz is watchful, but relaxed: "We have to be extremely mindful and sensitive of the public"s view of things... Thus far, we"ve done a pretty good job." Certainly, as reviled icons of American capitalism go, Starbucks is distinctly second division compared with big leaguers like, say, McDonald"s. The reason, argues Mr. Schultz, is that the company has retained a "passion" for coffee and a "sense of humanity". Starbucks buys expensive beans and pays its growers—be they in Guatemala or Ethiopia—an average of 23% above the market price. A similar benevolence applies to company employees. Where other corporations seek to unload the burden of employee benefits, Starbucks gives all American employees working at least 20 hours a week a package that includes stock options ("Bean Stock") and comprehensive health insurance. For Mr Schultz, raised in a Brooklyn public-housing project, this health insurance—which now costs Starbucks more each year than coffee—is a moral obligation. At the age of seven, he came home to find his father, a lorry-driver, in a plaster cast, having slipped and broken an ankle. No insurance, no compensation and now no job. Hence what amounts to a personal crusade. Most of America"s corporate chiefs steer clear of the sensitive topic of health-care reform. Not Mr. Schultz. He makes speeches, lobbies politicians and has even hosted a commercial-free hour of television, arguing for reform of a system that he thinks is simultaneously socially unjust and a burden on corporate America. Meanwhile the company pays its workers" premiums, even as each year they rise by double-digit percentages. The goal has always been "to build the sort of company that my father was never able to work for." By this he means a company that "remains small even as it gets big", treating its workers as individuals. Starbucks is not alone in its emphasis on "social responsibility", but the other firms Mr. Schultz cites off the top of his head—Timberland, Patagonia, Whole Foods—are much smaller than Starbucks, which has 100,000 employees and 35m customers. Indeed, size has been an issue from the beginning. Starbucks was created in 1971 in Seattle"s Pike Place Market by three hippie-ish coffee enthusiasts. Mr. Schultz joined the company only in 1982. Inspired by a visit to Milan in 1983, he had envisaged a chain of coffee bars where customers would chat over their espressos and cappuccinos. Following his dream, Mr. Schultz set up a company he called "I1 Giornale", which grew to a modest three coffee bars. Then, somehow scraping together $3.8m ("I didn"t have a dime to my name"), he bought Starbucks from its founders in 1987. Reality long ago surpassed the dream. Since Starbucks went public in 1992, its stock has soared by some 6,400%. The company is now in 37 different countries. No doubt the coffee snobs will blanch at the prospect. Yet they miss three points. The first is that, thanks to Starbucks, today"s Americans are no longer condemned to drink the insipid, over-percolated brew that their parents endured. The second, less recognised, is that because Starbucks has created a mass taste for good coffee, small, family-owned coffee houses have also prospered (and no one has ever accused Starbucks, with its $4 lattes, of undercutting the competition). The most important point, however, is that Mr. Schultz"s Starbucks cultivates a relationship with its customers. Its stores sell carefully selected CD-compilations, such as Ray Charles"s "Genius Loves Company". Later this year the company will promote a new film, "Akeelah and the Bee", and will take a share of the profits. There are plans to promote books. Customers can even pay with their Starbucks "Duetto" Visa card. Short of some health scare that would bracket coffee with nicotine, there is no obvious reason why Starbucks should trip up, however ambitious its plans and however misconceived the occasional project. Mr. Schultz says: "I think we have the licence from our customers to do more." The key is that each Starbucks coffee house should remain "a third place", between home and work, fulfilling the same role as those Italian coffee houses that so inspired him 23 years ago.

问答题After nearly a year of emotional arguments in Congress but no new federal laws, the national debate over the future of human cloning has shifted to the states. Six states have already banned cloning in one form or another, and this year alone 38 anti-cloning measures were introduced in 22 states. The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether. Since 1997, when scientists announced the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, the specter of cloned babies, infants that are in essence genetic carbon copies of adults, has loomed large in the public psyche and in the minds of lawmakers. Today, there is widespread agreement that cloning for reproduction is unsafe and should be banned. Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases. The controversy pits religious conservatives and abortion opponents, who regard embryos as nascent human life, against patients" groups, scientists and the biotechnology industry.

问答题After years of fierce lobbying and months of secrecy, Beijing unveiled five mascots for the 2008 Olympics on Friday, opening a marketing blitz that is expected to reap record profits. In an elaborate, nationally televised gala at a Beijing sports arena to mark the 1,000-day countdown until the Games, senior Chinese leaders introduced the mascots—cartoon renditions of a panda, fish, Tibetan antelope, swallow and the Olympic flame, each one the color of one of the Olympic rings. The animals were introduced as Bei Bei, Jing Jing, Huan Huan, Ying Ying and Ni Ni—which, put together, translates to "Beijing welcomes you!" A plethora of real and mythic creatures were among the candidates considered by Chinese leaders, Olympic officials and design specialists over the past year. Among those that didn"t make the cut were the dragon and a magical monkey out of Chinese folklore. The choice, the subject of lively media speculation for months, has been a secret since it was finalized three months ago.

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

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问答题If you’ve ever been on a jury, you might have noticed that a funny thing happens the minute you get behind closed doors. Everybody starts talking about themselves. They say what they would have done if they had been the plaintiff or the defendant. Being on a jury reminds me why I can’t tolerate talk radio. We Americans seem to have lost the ability to talk about anything but our own experiences. We can’t seem to generalize without stereotyping or to consider evidence that goes against our own experience. I heard a doctor on a radio show talking about a study that found that exercise reduces the incidence of Alzheimer’s. And caller after caller couldn’t wait to make essentially the opposite point: “Well, my grandmother never exercised and she lived to 95.” We are in an age summed up by the saying: “I experience, therefore I’m right.” Historically, the hallmarks of an uneducated person were the lack of ability to think critically, to use deductive reasoning to distinguish the personal from the universal. Now that seems an apt description of many Americans.

问答题Which developed economies will gain most from the emerging economies" new economic muscle? Conventional wisdom has it that America"s economy is coping much better than Europe"s with competition from emerging economies, thanks to its flexible labor and product markets. According to this view, Europe is having a tough time dealing with globalization, burdened by high minimum wages, extensive job protection, high taxes and generous welfare benefits. But conventional wisdom may have got it wrong. Since 1997 employment in the euro area has grown slightly faster than in America. Over the past decade, European firms have been much more successful than America"s in holding down unit labor costs and thus remaining competitive. And since 2000 the euro area"s share of world export markets has risen slightly to 1770, whereas America"s share has slumped from 14% to 10X. Thus, by many measures of competitiveness, Europe appears to be coping better with the emerging economies than America.

问答题 Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

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