问答题The task of writing a history of our nation from Rome’s earliest days fills me, I confess, with some misgivings and even were I confident in the value of my work, I should hesitate to say so. I am aware that for historians to make extravagant claims is, and always has been, all too common: Every writer on history tends to look down his nose at his less cultivated predecessors, happily persuaded that he will better them in point of style, or bring new facts to light. But however that may be, I shall find satisfaction in contributing, not, I hope, ignobly, to the labor of putting on record the story of the greatest nation in the world. Countless others have written on this theme and it may be that I shall pass unnoticed amongst them. If so, I must comfort myself with the greatness and splendor of my rivals, whose work will rob my own of recognition. My task, moreover, is an immensly laborious one. I shall have to go back more than 700 years, and trace my story from its small beginnings up to these recent times when its ramifications are so vast that any adequate treatment is hardly possible. I am aware too that most readers will take less pleasure in my account of how Rome began and in her early history; they will wish to hurry on to more modern times and read of the period, already a long one, in which the might of an imperial people is beginning to work its own ruin. My own feeling is different; I shall find antiquity a rewarding study. If only, because, while I am absorbed in it, I shall be able to turn my eyes from the troubles, which for so long have tormented the modern world, and to write without any of that over anxious consideration, which may well plague a writer in contemporary life, even if it does not lead him to conceal the truth.

问答题 Alabama chief justice Roy Moore has long displayed a reverence—or obsession, depending on your point of view—for the Ten Commandments. The Scripture has been a good calling card for Moore, gaining him notoriety far beyond the realm of circuit-court judges after he first decorated his courtroom in 1995 with a hand-carved rosewood plaque bearing God's laws. He prevailed over civil libertarians who sued for its removal, and rode his fame even further in 2000, when he was elected chief justice of Alabama's supreme court on the slogan "Roy Moore: Still the Ten Commandments Judge". But while he earned folk-hero status among Evangelicals and conservatives, last week he finally pushed the legal establishment too far when he ignored a federal court order to remove his largest monument to the Commandments, a 5,280-1b. granite carving known as Roy's Rock. Moore and some helpers had installed the sculpture in the rotunda of the state's judicial building during off-hours one night in 2001. In a stunning show of defiance by a jurist, Moore disregarded the urging of all eight of his fellow supreme court justices and Alabama's attorney general to comply with the federal ruling that the religious artifact is inappropriate in a court of law. Instead Moore declared, to the amens of supporters gathered on the building's portico, "I will never, never deny the God upon whom our laws and country depends." The hundreds of protesters had flocked to Moore's monument last week as if to a revival, carrying Bibles, wooden crosses and placards with phrases like KEEP THE COMMANDMENTS. DUMP THE FEDS. But within 24 hours of Moore's speech, his judicial colleagues suspended him from the bench and ordered him to face trial before the Alabama Court of the Judiciary, which can remove judges for ethical violations. The legal case, brought by several civil-liberties groups, is virtually open and shut. Moore's lawyers had argued that U.S. law is founded on the Ten Commandments, which are displayed, more subtly and often surrounded by secular legal symbols, in other government buildings around the country. But federal District Judge Myron Thompson said in his ruling that Roy's Rock is "nothing less than an obtrusive year-round religious display ... The only way to miss the religious or nonsecular appearance of the monument would be to walk through the Alabama State Judicial Building with one's eyes closed." A federal appeals court agreed, and the U.S. Supreme Court declined to issue a stay in the case. Moore has said he plans to file an appeal with the Supreme Court by late September, but legal experts don't expect the court to take it. "[Moore] does not have any laws of man to stand on," says University of Alabama law professor Bryan K. Fair. "He's claiming to stand on the laws of God. Apparently he has some difficulty recognizing the separate spheres of his own creed and the laws of the people of Alabama. " Moore's supporters have compared him to Martin Luther King, to Daniel, and even to Moses. The son of a construction worker, Moore, 56, grew up in northeast Alabama and worshipped at a Baptist church, not "an overbearing church where they shout and dance around", says his brother Jerry, "just a nice little country church". Moore graduated from West Point, served in Vietnam in the military police and earned his law degree at the University of Alabama. After losing a hard-fought election for circuit judge in 1982, Moore turned from law to more exotic battles, training as a kickboxer and wrangling cattle in Australia. It was at this stage in his life that Moore carved his plaque of the Ten Commandments and, after being appointed as a circuit judge, hung it in his courtroom and started making headlines. The first lawsuit seeking to remove it was ultimately dismissed on a technicality. His victories in the court of public opinion, however, have been more decisive. He won his chief-justice post with 54% of the vote, and in a July poll of Alabama residents, 77% said they approve of his stone monument. His popularity has led to speculation that Moore is angling for higher office, although his staff denies that. In the meantime, however, his current job depends largely on whether he decides to obey the commandments of his legal colleagues.

问答题List some of the suggestions offered by Ferrazzi on "networking".

问答题Will lower energy prices add to inflationary pressure? If that sounds a bit countertuitive for you, consider this: The economy is already growing so rapidly that it is putting pressure on available labor, production capacity, and distribution channels. Recent price declines, including the drop in gasoline prices, mean that the headline inflation numbers will look better in coming months. But cheaper energy bills free up cash that can be spent on other items. A pickup in demand, especially by consumers, will only add to the fight market conditions that tend to foster broadly higher prices. For now, costlier energy and the potential pass-through of higher fuel bills to other prices remain a key focus of inflation worries. However, energy prices would be much less of a concern for inflation in general if the economy were not so fundamentally robust. Indeed, the biggest danger in the inflation outlook for 2006 is not necessarily the direction of oil prices. It"s the economy"s persistent tendency to exceed its speed limit. Even with the past spikes in energy prices as well as the summer"s hurricanes, demand continues to grow so fast that the available productive resources can barely keep up. For the past 2.5 years, the economy has expanded at an annual rate of 4%, with growth in any one quarter never less than 3.3%. That trend far exceeds the economy"s growth limit, generally accepted to be about 3.25%. Whatever slack was created by the recession in 2001, it"s now either nearly or completely gone. It is the broad upward pressures on inflation that will be the primary focus of the Federal Reserve and its presumptive new chairman, Ben S. Bernanke, who won near-unanimous support in a Nov. 16 vote of the Senate Banking Committee after his confirmation hearings the day before. Identifying the intensity of those forces and communicating the Fed"s policy goals to the markets will be the next chairman"s most critical tasks in the coming year. So far the price indexes show few signs that prices outside of energy are heating up. Consumer prices in October rose 0.2% from September, as did the core index, which excludes energy and food. At the wholesale level, energy pushed producer prices up 0.7% in October, while the core index fell 0.3% , although that fall resulted from a quirky drop in car prices, a reflection more of government statistical methods than sticker prices. Nevertheless, the continued buildup in demand suggests core inflation is more likely to rise than slow in coming months. How resilient is demand? Just consider how little an impact Hurricane Katrina and the related spike in energy prices had on consumer spending. If anything, the more dramatic shift in demand has come from the boom-bust pattern associated with the timing of the auto industry"s "employee discount pricing" plans. According to the Commerce Dept. , October retail sales slipped 0.1% from September. But excluding the slump in the month"s car buying after the pricing program ended, retail receipts jumped a strong 0.9%. That gain would have been higher but for the dip in gasoline prices, which dragged down receipts at gas stations. Commerce also said retail buying in both August and September were a bit higher than its earlier estimates. Further gains may be on the way, thanks to cheaper energy. Average gas prices are down 25% from their post-Katrina high, to $2.30 per gallon Nov. 14. And based on the current trend in wholesale prices, pump prices could approach $ 2 by yearend. Using commerce data, a 25% drop in gas prices over three months adds some $80 billion, at an annual rate, to household purchasing power, which can go to other things. Any further declines in gas prices mean even more money to spend. Little wonder then that some retailers are expressing a bit more confidence about yearend shopping. For example, Wal-Mart Stores Inc. expects its November same-store sales to be 3% to 5% higher than sales a year earlier. And company officials expressed optimism about holiday and post-holiday revenues, citing the recent declines in gas prices.

问答题 Since thin people can't enjoy life, we eke out pleasure by telling fat people how to lose weight, as if they don't know. Cook! Plant a garden! Read this posting of fast-food-menu calories! Buy fresh produce! Bike to work! Do stuff skinny folk would never do. So I wasn't surprised when two recent studies concluded that obesity isn't reduced by opening supermarkets in poor areas—the so-called food deserts without access to affordable fresh produce that food writer Michael Pollan has railed against and the Obama Administration has funded an initiative to fix. Sure, people can't eat healthy if there isn't a store nearby selling pomegranate seeds and kale. But most obesity isn't caused by a lack of access to affordable produce or time to cook. It's the result of short-term over long-term thinking. Cooking sucks. Eating a salad takes forever. Fast food is delicious, easy, fun, cheap, reliable and can be scarfed down so quickly there isn't time to fight with your family. One Thanksgiving meal does more emotional damage than a lifetime of Wendy's. The times when I've felt stuck in my life, I've made horrible decisions—avoiding work, blowing deadlines, going on seven dates with a woman during which I watched a movie on her bed and met her parents and yet did not kiss her once, there by starting, I'm sure, a rumor that I'm either gay or lack a working tongue. And my version of being stuck was hating my Manhattan magazine fact-checking job and living at home with my newly divorced dad. So, less like being poor and more like being in a 1980s sitcom. But if you're living in an impoverished community where the future doesn't look like a rewarding adventure and instead requires all your energy to figure out how to get by this month, you're unlikely to focus on activities with long-term benefits such as studying, saving, marriage, being drug-free and spicing up quinoa. In their 1988 paper "A Theory of Rational Addiction", economists Gary Becker and Kevin Murphy argued that shooting heroin is a logical choice when all you're giving up is a crappy existence. It also explains why so many people do drugs when listening to Phish. When I ran my theory by Marie Gallagher, the researcher who invented the term "food desert", she actually agreed with me. "That's why we don't have to combat food deserts but jobs deserts, crime and so many other things," she said. I asked Charles Duhigg—whose brilliant book The Power of Habit is about how to trick your brain into making better decisions—what a better solution is. He said telling people to eat well so they'll live longer is idiotic. "The No. 1 way not to form a good habit is to say, 'In three months I'm going to look a lot thinner.' There is no way you can say the long-term reward is going to outweigh a sugar rush," he said. "If you see doughnuts on the counter, it will feel really urgent that you need a doughnut. That's your basal ganglia." One proven way of turning people off doughnuts is to talk about basal ganglia. I asked A. J. Jacobs, who lost a bunch of weight for his hilarious new book, Drop Dead Healthy, how he did it. Jacobs, who has never been poor, used to think fatalistically about his future, as a poor person might: "I rationalized it and said even if you eat right and go to the gym three times a week, you get hit by a bus, so what's the point?" In his head, Jacobs lived a chaotic, violent Upper West Side life where young homies were constantly being iced by the M79 crosstown. So Jacobs tricked himself into thinking long-term results were immediate. "I try to visualize what that doughnut would do to my body. I do that CSI thing where you go inside your body like a bullet, and you visualize the arteries and a big chunk of doughnut blocking the artery," he said. He also stuck a computerized image of himself at 80 on his refrigerator. He agreed to start a company with me that would create an app that updates the elderly-you photo in real time, depending on how much you eat and exercise. Jacobs spent that evening looking for food at the airport, which is the only food desert rich people run into. "I went to a place called something like the Health Shack. They sold gummy bears and chocolate-chip cookies," he said. Jacobs resisted temptation. Though if this book doesn't sell, next time he probably won't.

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问答题据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐。因而整个城市充满快乐的气氛。 上海男人常被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他们从不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久他会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她总是按照他说的去办。 上海男人，聪明、务实，有时甚至有点圆滑。但最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感而且尊重女性。

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问答题It's a safe bet that the millions of Americans who have recently changed their minds about global warming--deciding it isn't happening, or isn't due to human activities such as burning coal and oil, or isn't a serious threat--didn't just spend an intense few days poring over climate-change studies and decide, holy cow, the discrimination of continuous equations in general circulation models is completely wrong! Instead, the backlash (an 18-point rise since 2006 in the percentage who say the risk of climate change is exaggerated, Gallup found this month) has been stoked by scientists' abysmal communication skills, plus some peculiarly American attitudes, both brought into play now by how critics have spun the "Climategate" e-mails to make it seem as if scientists have pulled a fast one. Scientists are lousy communicators. They appeal to people's heads, not their hearts or guts, argues Randy Olson, who left a professorship in marine biology to make science films. "Scientists think of themselves as guardians of truth," he says. "Once they have spewed it out, they feel the burden is on the audience to understand it" and agree. That may work if the topic is something with no emotional content, such as how black holes forms, but since climate change and how to address it make people feel threatened, that arrogance is a disaster. Yet just as smarter-than-thou condescension happens time after time in debates between evolutionary biologists and proponents of intelligent design (the latter almost always win), now it's happening with climate change. In his 2009 book, Don't Be Such a Scientist: Talking Substance in an Age of Style, Olson recounts a 2007 debate where a scientist contending that global warming is a crisis said his opponents failed to argue in a way "that the people here will understand. " His sophisticated, educated Manhattan audience groaned and, thoroughly insulted, voted that the "not a crisis" side won. Like evolutionary biologists before them, climate scientists also have failed to master "truthiness" (thank you, Stephen Colbert), which their opponent--climate deniers and creationists--wield like a shiv. They say the Intergovemmental Panel on climate Change is a political, not a scientific, organization; a climate mafia (like evolutionary biologists) keeps contrarian papers out of the top journals; Washington got two feet of snow, and you say the world is warming'? There is less backlash against climate science in Europe and Japan, and the U. S. is 33rd out of 34 developed countries in the percentage of adults who agree that species, including humans, evolved. That suggests there is something peculiarly American about the rejection of science. Charles Harper, a devout Christian who for years ran the program bridging science and faith at the Templeton Foundation and who has had more than his share of arguments with people who view science as the Devil's spawn, has some hypotheses about why that is. "In America, people do not bow to authority the way they do in England," be says. "when the lumpenproletariat are told they have to think in a certain way, there is a backlash," as with climate science now and, never-endingly, with evolution. (Harper, who studied planetary atmospheres before leaving science, calls climate scientists "a smug community of true believers. ") Another factor is that the ideas of the Reformatio--no intermediaries between people and God; anyone can read the Bible and know the truth as well as a theologia--inform the American character more strongly than they do that of many other nations. "It's the idea that everyone has equal access to the divine," says Harper. That has been extended to the belief that anyone with an Internet connection can know as much about climate or evolution as an expert. Finally, Americans carry in their bones the country' s history of being populated by emigrants fed up with hierarchy. It is the American way to distrust those who set themselves up-even justifiably--as authorities. Presto: climate backlash. One new actor is also at work. the growing belief in the wisdom of crowds (Wikis, polling the audience on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire). If tweeting for advice on the best route somewhere yields the right answer. Americans seem to have decided, it doesn't take any special expertise to pick apart evolutionary biology or climate science. My final hypothesis, the Great Recession was caused by the smartest guys in the room saying, trust us, we understand how credit default swaps work, and they're great. No wonder so many Americans have decided that experts are idiots.1.What is the "Climategate"? What is the recent debate about global warming?

问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLYONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let' s begin Sentence Translation with Sentence No. 1.

问答题 Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1～3 The Chinese doctoral student who breached security at the Newark Liberty International Airport in the United States will appear in the Newark municipal court on the morning of Jan. 28, a court official told China Daily on Tuesday. Jiang Haisong, 28, was arrested last Friday evening by US port authorities and released after hours of questioning. Jiang ducked a security barrier in the airport's terminal C on Jan. 3 to bid farewell to his girlfriend after a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) guard stepped away from his post momentarily. The three terminals at the airport were subsequently shut down for six hours after a bystander who witnessed the incidence notified TSA officials. The shutdown reportedly caused numerous flights delays in and out of Newark, stranding thousands of passengers. Jiang, a molecular biosciences student who is set to graduate in May, had contacted the Chinese consulate in New York on Monday by phone, said Wang Bangfu, the consul for overseas Chinese affairs at the consulate. Wang told China Daily on Tuesday that the consulate is providing consular protection and assistance to Jiang after identifying him as a Chinese national. These include providing a list of lawyers, which Jiang is selecting for his case. Wang would not reveal more details because Jiang had requested for the content of their conversation to be kept private. But Wang said the consulate has been keeping a close eye on the development. Wang did not comment further on the case until final investigation results were out, implying that the consulate will work to ensure Jiang gets a fair trial and his legal rights are fully protected. Under the charge of defiant trespassing brought by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Jiang faces a 30-day imprisonment and a fine of $ 500. But New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg had earlier pushed for harsh punishment, threatening to lobby for severe federal criminal charges instead of a misdemeanor. Lautenberg also earlier mentioned visa revocation and deportation, but has since toned down his comments on the case in the last few days. The incidence has triggered strong reaction among people both in the US and China. A number of these have accused Jiang of a "stupid" blunder. Others have hailed him as a kind of hero for exposing a glaring airport security loophole. While more people on the Chinese mainland expressed their disappointment at Jiang for bringing disgrace to the Chinese community, his American neighbors and fellow colleagues at Rutgers University showed more understanding and described him in much nicer words.

问答题据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心，从而避免了矛盾，一家人其乐融融。所以从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐，因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。 虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。 上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。

问答题European countries are buffeted by two global forces: One is climate change. The other is demography. Both prevalent pressures silently transform societies and the assumptions of public policy. The two have a lot in common. Both are easily recognized but less easily understood. Both are products of complex forces and unobtrusive influences. Both create huge effects from minuscule changes. A rise in global temperature by one degree or a fall in fertility by one point may sound trivial but, over 100 years, will make the earth unbearably hot, or reshape the size and composition of societies. Yet though every rich country has a climate-change policy, few have a population one (there are historical reasons for that). And just as everyone whinges about the weather, but does nothing about it, so everyone in Europe complains, but does nothing, about population. Received opinion holds that "demography is destiny" and that Europe is doomed by its death-spiral population numbers. American observers argue that Europe is fast becoming a barren, ageing, enfeebled place. Vast numbers of old people, they reckon, will be looked after, or neglected, by too few economically active adults, supplemented by restless crowds of migrants. The combination of low fertility, longer life and mass immigration will put intolerable pressure on public health, pensions and social services, probably leading to upheaval.

问答题席卷全球的金融危机，正在给世界经济带来沉重打击，预计今年全球贸易额将下降9%左右，工业生产将下降15%，经济问题将缩减1%～2%，出现60年来最严峻的局面。经济危机考验着各国政府的经济管理能力，考验着人类的智慧。 大亚洲的经济合作，把亚洲各国工业化、城市化进程与发达国家的技术和区域内外的资金结合起来，可以形成巨大的需求。这种需求一变成现实购买力和进口能力，将会对拉动全球经济走出危机影响起到举足轻重的作用。

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问答题古丝绸之路打开了各国友好交往的新窗口，书写了人类发展进步的新篇章。古丝绸之路绵亘万里，延续千年，积淀了以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢为核心的丝路精神。一代又一代“丝路人”架起了东西方合作的纽带、和平的桥梁；不同文明、宗教、种族求同存异，并肩书写相互尊重的壮丽诗篇，携手绘就共同发展的美好画卷。无论相隔多远，只要我们勇敢迈出第一步，坚持相向而行，就能走出一条相遇相知、共同发展之路，走向幸福安宁和谐美好的远方。

问答题News report: The central government decided to cut down on pollution by calling for a Car Free Day last September. Since then, in the city of Kunming, Yunnan Province, the last Saturday of every month is officially "car free", apart from public transportation, police and emergency vehicles, making Kunming the first city in China to adopt this initiative on a regular basis. Frequent vehicle restrictions have triggered debate among the public. Some questioned the legitimacy of this move. Some asked whether confining their cars at home has deprived them of their rights on free use of private possessions. Others complained of China" s far less developed public transportation infrastructure in some areas. Topic: The Car Free Day Initiative Questions for Reference: 1. Do you agree with the practice of Car Free Day in major cities in China on a regular basis? Why or why not? 2. Shall we simply restrict the use of private cars or reduce the production of cars? Give your reasons. 3. Do you have any suggestions for or even better solutions to those traffic and environmental problems?