问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. You may take notes while you are listening.

问答题Why are private lenders so interested in student loans?

问答题Some Observations on Doing Business in China From watching westerners attempting to work in China, I must conclude that Chinese and westerners are not the same. WE and THEY think differently. Westerners think in "prose", each sentence or paragraph following from the preceding. Chinese think in "poetry". where context or setting determines action. Western thinking is linear, moving from goals to strategy to tactics. or from overview to details (or the reverse). Chinese put everything in a big pot, stir well, and serve whatever comes up. Discussion of a philosophical goal which implies commitment of millions of dollars may be followed by a question on how some minor component will be shipped. In negotiations and other relationships, Americans and Chinese both usually lack sufficient information and cultural background to emphasize well with each other. Chinese businessmen tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct manner of American businessmen. The Chinese like to take time to learn whether their prospective business contacts are really reliable. American businessmen are straightforward, aggressive and pushy for clear-cut definitions of business terms. They tend to be more concerned about their main objective than details. But when it comes to a large project, they are also prepared for lengthy negotiations. The decision-making process of Chinese companies is generally slow and time-consuming. This is because most Chinese companies keep to the "bottom-up, and then top-down" principle. Although Americans have a reputation for making quick decisions, this is not always true when a corporation is embarking oil a major venture, because many people must be involved in the decision-making. Americans view relationships in terms of "rights"; Chinese in terms of "obligations" —to family, to one"s elders, to the country. Contracts are viewed in this light—the relationship between parties creates obligations. Americans tend to be reserved in relating to strangers; Chinese tend to be reserved with those whom they have connections. Chinese perceive Americans don"t care about money and waste it; Americans perceive Chinese don"t care about time and waste it. Chinese often consider capital investment as "sunk cost", a commitment to do something, rather than a base upon which to earn a certain return. Chinese hear different things in what is said. They tend to interpret questions and answer what they thin k you need. Americans tend to answer questions directly and literally, often ignoring important underlying concerns. Chinese often ask questions to expose a concern, not to get an answer. So what? China will be the largest economy in the world in the near future. No matter what your business, Chinese will comprise a significant portion of your suppliers, your competitors, your customers, your bankers and your stockholders or partners. What is happening in China will have consequences for our entire system。 Today, many American businessmen are eager to learn more about trade and investment opportunities in China, especially after its accession to the WTO. They and their lawyers now understand that they must study the laws, trade practices and culture of China in order to be more effective in doing business with Chinese trading partners. China will not become like US. They will be different. Different than they (or we) are now.

问答题有了房子，就想车子，老百姓想法和银行不谋而合。银行在巩固了自己的住房贷款之后，又将目光瞄上了汽车市场。昨天，建行上海分行推出了十大优惠举措，欲在外资非金融机构染指汽车贷款之前，做大自己的汽车贷款。 此前，银行界人士纷纷预测，外资非金融机构进入汽贷市场后，很可能会在手续简便和贷款利率上做文章，以吸引购车族。因此，建行的十大举措也同样是了简化手续和提供优惠利率，希望此举能使该行的汽车贷款占个人消费信贷的比重从原来的三成提升至五成以上。

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问答题中华民族和中华文化 中华民族是由汉族和55个少数民族组成的大家庭。自远古以来，我国各族人民就劳动、生息、繁衍在祖国的土地上，共同为中华文明和建立统一的多民族国家贡献自己的才智。各民族之间建立了紧密的政治经济文化联系，早在两千多年前就形成了幅员广阔的统一国家。悠久的中华文化，成为维系民族团结和国家统一的牢固纽带。 我们的先人历来把独立自主视为立国之本。中国作为人类文明发祥地之一，在几千年的历史进程中，文化传统始终没有中断。近代中国虽屡遭列强欺凌，国势衰败，但经过全民族的百年抗争，又以巨人的姿态重新站立起来。这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有坚不可摧的力量。 今天，我们在探索自己的发展道路时，坚持从中国国情出发来建设中国特色社会主义，而不照搬别国的模式。在处理国际事务中，我们采取独立自主的立场和政策。中国人民珍惜同各国人民的友谊和合作，也珍惜自己经过长期奋斗而得来的独立自主权利。 自古以来中国人民就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。我们坚持在和平共处五项原则基础上，同世界各国建立和发展友好合作关系。中国始终不渝走和平发展道路，致力于营造一个和平和谐的国际和周边环境，绝不谋求霸权。中国的和平发展基于本国国情和文化传统，基于自身根本利益和长远利益，基于世界发展大势和客观规律，是我们坚定不移的战略抉择。中国的发展与进步，不会对任何人构成威胁。中国始终是维护世界和平与地区稳定的坚定力量。

问答题Why does the author say that European society, at least in the Nordic countries—is "far less stable than America's" ? (Para. 3)

问答题【听力原文】 Good afternoon, folks! Today's topic is try jogging for fitness. When we run for fitness, exercise and pleasure, it is commonly called jogging. Jogging has become very popular in recent years. The popularity of jogging today stems from several factors. First, jogging is one of the most efficient forms of exercise. As a rule, a person jogging burns up more calories per minute than in most other sports. Running, like biking, swimming, and brisk walking, is an aerobic exercise. Such an exercise uses a great deal of oxygen. In addition, it increases the heart rate. Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart muscle so that it pumps more efficiently. This kind of exercise is also one of the best ways to improve our general health and capacity of our lungs. Jogging is also popular because almost every oneof us can take part. Jogging is an activity that doesn't require any unusual skills or special coordination. Jogging is relaxing and fun. Finally, it can be done alone, with another person or in a group. For anyone who runs more than 20 miles a week, it is important to have good running shoes. Tennis shoes or sneakers won't do. Running produces stress that is three times greater than the stress of walking. With this added stress to our feet and legs, we need good shoes. The shoes should be replaced when they are worn out or worn unevenly. Cold weather poses a few problems for us joggers. The main hazard in winter-running is slipping on ice or snow. There is no danger of freezing our lungs, because our body warms the air before it reaches our lungs. In winter, we should be sure to cover the head and keep our feet as dry and warm as possible. It's best to wear layers of clothing. In summer, we must be careful not to dry out. So it is important for us to drink plenty of water on hot, humid days. The best summer wear is loose-fitting and light-colored.

问答题我们应该牢记国际金融危机的深刻教训，正本清源，对症下药，本着简单易行、便于问责的原则推进国际金融监管改革，建立有利于实体经济发展的国际金融体系。要强调国际监管核心原则和标准的一致性，同时要充分考虑不同国家金融市场的差异性，提高金融监管的针对性和有效性。 　　我们要牢牢把握强劲、可持续、平衡增长三者的有机统一。我们应该积极推动强劲增长，注重保持可持续增长，努力实现平衡增长。实现世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长是一个长期复杂的过程，不可能一蹴而就，既要持之以恒、坚定推进，也要照顾到不同国家国情，尊重各国发展道路和发展模式的多样性。

问答题The task of writing a history of our nation from Rome's earliest days fills me, I confess, with some misgivings and even were I confident in the value of my work, I should hesitate to say so. I am aware that for historians to make extravagant claims is, and always has been, all too common: Every writer on history tends to look down his nose at his less cultivated predecessors, happily persuaded that he will better them in point of style, or bring new facts to light. Countless others have written on this theme and it may be that I shall pass unnoticed amongst them; if so, I must comfort myself with the greatness and splendor of my rivals, whose work will rob my own of recognition. My task, moreover, is an immensely laborious one. I shall have to go back more than 700 years, and trace my story from its small beginnings up to these recent times when its ramifications are so vast that any adequate treatment is hardly possible. I shall find antiquity a rewarding study. If only, because while I am absorbed in it, I shall be able to turn my eyes from the troubles, which for so long have tormented the modern world, and to write without any of that over anxious consideration, which may well plague a writer in contemporary life, even if it does not lead him to conceal the truth.

问答题我国首次月球探测工程的成功，是继人造地球卫星、载人航天飞行取得成功之后我国航天事业发展的又一座里程碑，实现了中华民族的千年奔月梦想，开启了中国人走向深空探索宇宙奥秘的时代，标志着我国已经进入世界具有深空探测能力的国家行列。这是我国推进自主创新、建设创新型国家取得的又一标志性成果，是中华民族在攀登世界科技高峰征程上实现的又一历史性跨越，是中华民族为人类和平开发利用外层空间作出的又一重大贡献。全体中华儿女都为我们伟大祖国取得的这一辉煌成就感到骄傲和自豪。

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问答题Studentsshouldbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'svariousimpactsoncommerce,economy,science,technology,cultureandcommunication.

问答题For years I have been mercilessly lampooned by friends and acquaintances alike for my unorthodox lifestyle choice of having no TV. In an age of increasingly large plasma flat-screens and surround sound, digital home entertainment systems which accost you the minute you walk into someone’s house, people regularly look at me like I’m either severely handicapped or chronically hard done by when I mention that I have no television. I can see the mixture of genuine pity, raw pathos and sheer disbelief in their faces as they stare at me open-mouthed. 　　To be sure, television is a great invention, if handled in moderation. The composite etymological derivation (from the Greek and the Latin words – literally meaning “to see from afar”) tells of a tremendous technological feat which certainly deserves to be applauded. What’s more, if one is discerning, it can be the source of some quality entertainment, instruction and enjoyment. Some of the nature documentaries and arts programmes on BBC 2 are truly fantastic and are well worth the license fee alone. 　　But the sad reality is that young people are rarely discerning and, by dint of poor time management skills, often end up wasting an inordinate amount of precious, never-returning time watching trash, their brains wallowing in a trough of mental lethargy.

问答题中国正处在经济的高速发展时期，从现在开始的未来20年内，中国将全面建设小康社会，人民的生活质量不断提高。上海正在为建成国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心之一的目标而努力，未来上海将以结构调整、功能提升和布局优化为着眼点，大踏步向建设世界城市的战略设想迈进。上海拥有优越的地理位置、完善的基础设施、独特的文化和较高的消费水平，并以长江三角洲地区为依托，已经成为中国目前最大的旅游市场之一。2001年，上海接待国际游客204万人次，接待国内游客8254万人次，上海发展超大型主题公园的时机已经成熟。

问答题 日本留学生在上海 一个晴朗的秋日，广冈小姐踏上了来中国留学的征途。对她来说，中国是个神秘的国度，这使她一路上产生了无穷的遐想，也产生了把在中国的所见所闻诉诸笔端的愿望。在不到一年的时间里，她先后有15篇短文在日本《朝日新闻》上发表，这对于一个专修音乐的外国学生来说委实是一件不简单的事情。 两国在物质、文化上的差异，使她很容易注意到人们忽视了的东西。初到上海，有一件事就引起了她的兴趣：同样是一张面皮包着肉，为何又有“饺子”、“馄饨”两种截然不同的叫法?经过一番研究她搞懂了，饺子肉多，皮厚，馄饨肉少，皮薄；馄饨有汤，饺子则无；南方人爱吃馄饨，北方人喜食饺子。最使她高兴的是她的“研究成果”能让那些对此迷惑不解的日本人顿释疑团。可有一点她至今仍不明白：为什么上海有许多商店售货员、饭店服务员和本地居民都不说普通话。对此，她不无抱怨地说，“我现在才知道原来我学的中国话只是北京话。” 在中国的日子长了，自然而然地结识了许多朋友，每一个朋友都对她说：“你有什么事需要帮助，尽管说好了。”她认为这不是日本人通常出于礼仪上的需要才说的话，而是每一个中国朋友出自内心的意愿。 她深深地爱上了这片土地，这不仅因为上海这座国际大都市曾为她做媒，使她找到了心上人，更由于这里的人民让她感到是那么地亲近、友好。

问答题中国政府高度重视保护环境，认为保护环境关系到国家现代化建设的全局和长远发展，是造福当代、惠及子孙的事业。中国政府将环境保护确立为一项基本国策，在推进经济发展的同时，采取一系列措施加强保护环境。特别是近年来，中国政府坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破，着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题；坚持创新体制机制，依靠科学进步，强化环境法治，发挥社会各方面的积极性。经过努力，环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势减缓，部分流域污染治理初见成效，部分城市和地区环境质量有所改善，全社会保护环境意识进一步增强。

问答题 "We changed South Korean politics and the media market, but I'm too shy to say that," says Oh Yeon Ho before he can catch his own irony. But Mr. Oh, the founder and boss of Ohmy News, a sort of online newspaper, has earned the right to boast, because Ohmy is the world's most successful example to date of "citizen journalism" in action. Ohmy's website currently gets an average of 700,000 visitors and 2m page views a day, which puts it in the same league as a large newspaper. But Ohmy has no reporters on its staff at all. Instead, it relies on amateurs—"citizens", as Mr. Oh prefers to call them—to contribute the articles, which are then edited by Mr. Oh, a former magazine journalist, and a few colleagues. Mr. Oh likes to think of Ohmy as a "playground" for South Korean hobbyists, where "adults" set certain rules and thus give the site credibility. The articles tend to be good, because "in South Korea we have good people power," says Mr. Oh. "They are highly educated and eager to change society." Ohmy also has built-in feedback and rating systems so that the best articles rise to the top. One of Ohmy's biggest innovations is economic. The site has a "tipjar" system that invites readers to reward good work with small donations. All they have to do is click a little tip-jar button to have their mobile-phone or credit-card account debited. One particularly good article produced the equivalent of $ 30,000 in just five days. Ohmy's own economics also appear to be working well. Even though Mr. Oh originally intended the company to be not-for-profit—"my aim was not to earn money but to create a new kind of journalism," he says—he turned it into a for-profit firm in 2003. He will not divulge how much profit he makes, but the advertising and syndication revenues (from other internet sites that run Ohmy's articles) seem to keep him going nicely. Ohmy's success has already had wide ramifications in South Korea's media industry. Although it has not killed off any South Korean newspapers or broadcasters, it has forced all of them to adjust by becoming more like Ohmy. Several newspaper sites, for instance, now have feedback and conversation panes at the bottom of online articles and are trying to interact more with readers. Mr. Oh, who left his career in the mainstream media because he was sick of what he saw as their conservative bias, also reckons that Ohmy has helped to improve the balance. If the media scales used to be tilted 80% in favor of conservatives, he thinks, Ohmy has reduced that to 60%; he wants to make it 50%. Does South Korea, a country of early adopters in many ways, foreshadow the future everywhere? "The reality is that you can't point to many successes; Ohmy News is the only one," says Dan Gillmor, a journalist who quit his job at the San Jose Mercury News, a newspaper widely read in Silicon Valley, in order to found Grassroots Media, an experiment in American citizen journalism. After a year or so of looking in vain for a good business model, Mr. Gillmor has put the idea on ice. But others are much more optimistic. Last year A1 Gore, a former American vice-president, and Joel Hyatt, his friend and business partner, set up Current TV, a cable-television channel that encourages its viewers to contribute their own video stories. And they do. "Viewer-created content"—or "VC2",as Current TV calls it—now accounts for 30% of the channel's airtime, and rising. Mr. Hyatt, the chief executive, thinks it will eventually be half or more. To help people get started, Current TV has extensive online tutorials on storytelling techniques, camera equipment and so forth. And to organize the content that comes in, its website allows users to vote on the quality of each video clip. It is, in many ways, a pure meritocracy. When Current TV was launched, the traditional cable channels "didn't get it" and sneered, Mr. Hyatt recalls with glee. "What people didn't understand is that there are tens of thousands of people out there who can create something great for a few minutes." For instance, a story by an American traveler who found himself in the Gaza Strip during Israel's pull-out was probably the best piece of video reporting on the subject that ran on television at the time. During Hurricane Katrina, some residents of New Orleans made excellent contributions by taking cameras onto their home-made boats and making videos of their own neighborhoods. For society as a whole, all this new talent—from bloggers, who are "journalists" in the classic sense, to citizen journalists—should amount to something overwhelmingly positive. "The more journalism the better; I don't care who does it," says Dan Gillmor. That is not, however, how professional journalists, ostensibly speaking on behalf of the public, usually choose to see it. Their mood is gloomy.

问答题The Stock Exchange While there are literally thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively are usually listed on the New York Stock Exchange(NYSE). This exchange dates back to 1792, when 24 New York City stockbrokers and merchants gathered under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street in Manhattan to make some rules about how buying and selling was to be done. Those rules, known as the Buttonwood Agreement, set in motion the NYSE"s unwavering commitment to investors and issuers. With a history of over 200 years, the NYSE has become the world"s largest financial market and the leading exchange in the United States. It is the place where America invests its money. Listed on the exchange are more than 3,000 enterprises, including approximately 450 operating companies from 50 different countries. The NYSE, housed in a large building on Wall Street, does the bulk of trading in listed securities. On the trading floor more than 2,200 common and preferred stocks are traded. The NYSE has more than 1,600 members, most of whom represent brokerage houses involved in buying and selling for the public. They buy "seats" on the exchange at considerable expense. They are paid commissions by the buyers and sellers for executing their orders. Almost half a million kilometers of telephone and telegraph wire link the NYSE with brokerage offices around the nation and across the globe. In addition to the NYSE, there are eight other exchanges around the country. The second largest is the American Stock Exchange, which also operates in the same Wall Street area, and in much the same way, but on a smaller scale. How are stocks bought and sold? Suppose a widow in California wants to go on an ocean cruise. To finance the trip she decides to sell 100 shares of her General Motors stock. The widow calls her stockbroker and directs him to sell at once at the best price. The same day an engineer in Florida decides to use the savings he has accumulated to buy 100 shares of General Motors stock. The engineer calls his broker and asks him to buy the stock at the current price. Both brokers wire their orders to the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. The two brokers, one representing the widow and the other the engineer, negotiate the transaction. One asks, "How much do I have to pay for a hundred shares of General Motors?" The highest bid is $65.25 and the least amount for which anyone has offered to sell is $65.75. Both want to get the best price. So they compromise and agree on a buy/sell at $65.50. The New York Stock Exchange itself neither buys nor sells stocks; it simply serves as a mechanism by which brokers buy and sell for their clients. Each transaction is carried out in public and the information is sent electronically to every brokerage office in the nation.