填空题You might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true. These (1) , or patties, actually came from Germany in the middle of the nineteenth century. They were brought to the United States by (2) who came from the city of Hamburg. That is why (3) was "hamburger steak" However, people in other place (4) that they invented the hamburger. Perhaps we'll never have a (5) . There's no question that the hamburger was a (6) . Why? Perhaps because at that time, industry was growing and a kind of food was need (7) for workers. The hamburger became even more popular (8) when the first chain of fast food restaurants was started. This chain was called "White Castle". It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only (9) . Then, in the 1930s there came the (10) where customers were served in their cars by waiters in uniform. And the hamburger was one of the most (11) . By now, the hamburger was ready to (12) the world. And this happened with McDonald's, which was actually a (13) at first. But by the early 1950s the hot dog was replaced by the hamburger. McDonald's and other fast food restaurants (14) around the world throughout the rest of the twentieth century. McDonald's alone has (15) for everyone person in the world. The importance of the hamburger to (16) remains significant. About (17) of all sandwiches that are eaten are hamburgers. According to some sources, (18) of current workers in the United States had their first job at McDonald's. But the face of the hamburger is changing (19) . Nowadays it is possible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, (20) , or veggie burger.

填空题Alcoholism and{{U}} (1) {{/U}}addiction has already spread at alarming rate in the 21st Century. One of the biggest{{U}} (2) {{/U}}about it is that only{{U}} (3) {{/U}}people and ethnic minorities are more likely to get addicted. But the truth is that addiction is{{U}} (4) {{/U}}to{{U}} (5) {{/U}}, color and socio-economic background. People take drugs and alcohol because of the{{U}} (6) {{/U}}or relaxing effects they have on the body. But as the person develops a habit, the{{U}} (7) {{/U}}of the brain starts to change and adapt, {{U}}(8) {{/U}}more and more of the drug as it resists the discomfort of{{U}} (9) {{/U}}. The brain controls behavior by{{U}} (10) {{/U}}actions that will ensure survival of the species. But the problem lies in the fact that some chemicals, like caffeine, alcohol and{{U}} (11) {{/U}}can{{U}} (12) {{/U}}brain reward systems directly, {{U}}(13) {{/U}}the sensory receptors mediating natural rewards. But other more{{U}} (14) {{/U}}drugs, such as heroine and cocaine, can produce a far more{{U}} (15) {{/U}}effect, so the addiction would be more{{U}} (16) {{/U}}. Addictions are lifelong{{U}} (17) {{/U}}that are very hard to get rid of. Even some of the most skilled and{{U}} (18) {{/U}}people might become addicts even though they are fully{{U}} (19) {{/U}}of their harmful nature. The biggest killer is the person's{{U}} (20) {{/U}}of his or her condition of getting slowly addicted.

填空题When a child reaches the age of around eight to 1 , for the first time in his life the idea of love is changed from being loved into loving. As he grows into a (n) 2 eventually, he has overcome his 3 . For him now, to give has become more satisfactory and more joyous than to 4 ; to love has become more important even than being loved. Related to this change is the development of the 5 of love. When a child grows UP, his 6 to mother gradually 7 some of its vital significance and his relationship to 8 becomes more and more important. There are essential 9 in quality between motherly love and fatherly love. Motherly love is by nature 10 . Mother loves a child not because the child has 11 any specific condition, or has lived up to any specific 12 . But the 13 to father is quite different. Father does not represent the 14 world. He represents the world of thought, of 15 and order, of discipline, and of travel and 16 . Father is the one who shows the child into the 17 . Fatherly love is 18 love. Its principle is "I love you because you fulfill my expectations, because you do your duty. " Fatherly love has a negative and a 19 aspect. The negative aspect is that fatherly love can be 20 if the child does not do what is expected of him.

填空题Americans' (1) impulses keep generating surprises. Charitable giving plays an even larger role in the (2) . Demand for nonprofit services gets proportionately bigger as a locality's (3) rises. The philanthropy of the wealthy may not hinge on tax (4) to the degree many believe. The US (5) the world in levels of charitable activity. Some experts see charity as a (6) trait of the US, more than (7) or business. But those forces may be (8) , as many nonprofits, from healthcare to classical music? are selling (9) in a marketplace alongside for-profit (10) . Charity is no mere (11) activity. It pays off for society in ways that may (12) the rates of return on many traditional investments. Charity not only helps those on the (13) end but also strengthens the (14) of society at large. Moreover, it appears to make the givers themselves more (15) . The pattern that conservatives are better givers than (16) is less about politics than about charity-linked (17) most common to conservatives, religious commitment, marriage and children, and entrepreneurship. The main point is that more Americans, regardless of ideology, embrace giving as a tool for (18) . The urge to make a difference, and to take (19) in it, outweighs (20) considerations.

填空题 The euro was established 10 years ago. On its 10th anniversary, we're in the midst of {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}. You may ask. Has the euro, which was controversial when it was established, helped Europe and the world {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}? That's a really good question, because the euro as you say was not only controversial, it was {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The idea of a bunch of countries getting together, pooling their sovereignty to {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}rather than having a currency imposed when they get conquered or something, was very new and still {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}elsewhere. The short answer is yes. For the euro's own members and for the system of the world as a whole, the euro has been a good thing and {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Countries in the eurozone, particularly countries like Greece, Italy and Portugal, which would have seen {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}shoot through the roof and capital flee out of them, have had very little of that as {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Their interest rates have {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}but nothing like they would have if these countries {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. By the same token, {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}—Germany, France, and so on—are suffering less from {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}of their neighbor countries and their closest trading partners because {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. On a global perspective, it's a little less of {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}. There has certainly been no harm from the euro, and it has been {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. It probably helps maintain a general sense of {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}in the world. The reason I'm just being a little bit hesitant, and this is the theme of our new book, is that we feel the euro could {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}, both regionally to help those European countries outside the euro area, particularly in crisis {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}, and globally in terms of backing up and in some ways partnering or even {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}in global leadership. That's where we feel {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

填空题 Today I would like to talk about the internship in the United Nations. Over the years, UN headquarters in New York City has hosted {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}from around the world. Hailing from diverse academic disciplines and backgrounds, {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}are given the opportunity to enhance their educational experience through {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}. At the same time, UN staff members gain from the insights, {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}that these young men and women bring to the job. The photographs in this yearbook highlight {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}among colleagues who have come from different parts of the world to work together {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}. It is a moving display. You have been working with the UN {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The earthquake in Haiti was devastating for the people of that country, and was the single {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}our Organization has ever experienced. Some of you may have {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}the rescue effort; others may have {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}or signed a condolence book. Whatever your contribution has been, I would like to thank you for {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}at this very sad time for the UN family. Your class of interns has {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}. You have witnessed, and perhaps even participated in, the temporary move out of the Secretariat building and into offices {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. I hope you have seen that UN staff are working with {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}, wherever their offices are. {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}as you depart from the UN is this: Your generation has a special opportunity. You live at {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}in world history. Now that you have {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}into the work of the United Nations, I urge you to carry forth your knowledge, dedication and energy, and to continue making your contribution as {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}and hard work over the past months. I trust you have had a rewarding and enjoyable experience, and I wish you the very best {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

填空题Welcome to your first 1 training class. There are 15 different activities in 2 . Some make use of 3 and others don"t. The idea is that you go 4 each of the activities. Ten of each first time, 15 second time and 20 third time. And in between each 5 you"ll all come together in the middle to do some exercises. Now before you start, we just have to 6 that you really think you"re fit enough to do all this. Of course, exercise is good for you but it can actually 7 you. So what you"ve got to 8 for is if you"ve ever had any heart 9 , or any 10 in your heart or 11 . I want to know if you"ve often felt 12 or dizzy or you"ve been told that you had high blood 13 . And watch it if you"ve ever had an 14 , broken bones or any kind of 15 problem. If you have, come and have a 16 with me. Is anyone here over sixty-five? And last of all I just need to ask you if you"ve been doing any 17 exercise recently? So two or three times a week for two months or more? Even 18 to college or work every day at a good 19 ? Right, that means we need to take it slowly at the beginning and build up 20 . So you"re all fit and healthy? Good, let"s get started.

填空题Certain phrases one commonly hears among Americans which 1 to individualism include: "Do your own thing. " "I did it my way. " "You"ll have to decide that for yourself. " "You made your bed, now lie in it. " "If you don"t 2 for yourself, no one else will." "Look out for number one. " 3 the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans 4 . Americans assume that people need some time to themselves or some time alone to think about things or recover their 5 . Americans have great difficulty understanding foreigners who always want to be with another person, who 6 . If the parents can afford it, each child will have his or her own bedroom. Having one"s own bedroom, 7 , fixes in a person the notion that she is 8 a place of her own where she can be by herself, and 9 . She will have her clothes, her books and so on. These things will be hers and no one else"s. Americans assume that people will have their 10 that might never 11 . Doctors, lawyers, psychologists, and others have 12 confidentiality that are 13 information about their clients" 14 from becoming 15 . American"s 16 can be hard for foreigners to understand. American"s houses, yards and even offices can 17 . Yet in the minds of Americans, there are boundaries that other people are simply 18 cross. When those boundaries are crossed, an American"s body will 19 and his manner will 20 .

填空题What is distance learning? It means that you study on your own, at home or wherever suits you. Recently, the world famous Open University in the United Kingdom has designed a new style of distance learning, which is called" 1 ". The phrase "Open Learning" means you study 2 . You read course material, work on course activities, and write 3 .The word "Supported" means you have help 4 , the student services staff at regional centres, and centralised areas such as 5 . You can also contact other students through tutorials and 6 , the University"s online conferencing system and events and dubs organised by 7 . Most distance learning courses use printed paper materials. They also include some 8 materials such as a CD, DVD or video. Many courses have a website and an 9 . You"ll need access to a computer 10 to make use of these. The Open University can help its students buy a computer and 11 the cost of accessing the Internet. With most distance learning courses, no 12 are required to study. Of course, you have to be aged 18 when your course starts but there is no 13 .Currently the Open University has around 14 undergraduate and more than 30,000 postgraduate students, of which 10,000 have 15 . Nearly all students are studying 16 . About 70 percent of undergraduate students are in 17 . More than 50,000 students 18 by their employers for their studies. Most distance learning courses 19 . Some of them are even available in other parts of the world. With over 25,000 of its students living outside the UK, the Open University is the 20 that offers distance learning throughout the world.

填空题 Listening is one of the first things we learn to do and one of the things we do most. The average person spends {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of their daily communication time writing, 16 percent reading, 30 percent speaking, and a whopping {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Students spend most of their school time listening up to 60 percent, according to some studies. Yet {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}, we usually take our ability to listen for granted. As we have already said, though, {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The fact is, we have different listening styles {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. How successful we are as listeners may depend in part on {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}for the situation. Perhaps the most basic listening style is {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}. We listen appreciatively when we enjoy music, a bird's song, or the murmur of a brook. We {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}, one called discriminative listening, when we want to {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}from a noisy environment. You discriminate, for example, when you listen for a friend's voice {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. We use a third style of listening, comprehensive listening, when we want to understand. When we listen to {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}, we are using this style. The fourth learning style is more complex. {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the style practiced by counselors, psychiatrists, and good friends, encourages people to {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Friends act as our sounding boards when we just want someone to listen. The therapeutic listener {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}accepts what is said, tries hard to understand, and above all, {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The fifth style, {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}, is the one we will examine most closely. Critical listeners are the most active of all listeners because they are working hard to decide whether {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}makes sense. Critical listeners evaluate what they hear and decide if {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}is logical, worthwhile or has value. We need to be critical listeners when someone wants us to buy some things, {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}, or support a particular idea. We also need to be critical listeners in school, where {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

填空题In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care for 1 . In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who reside with their parents 2 . In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly 3 . What explains these differences in 4 across cultures? Modernization theory linked 5 household to low levels of economic development. In 6 , the elderly live with their children in large extended family units 7 . But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people behind in 8 . Yet modernization theory can"t explain why extended family households 9 in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is 10 , maintain a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain 11 living arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with 12 . In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance predominates. 13 , parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then 14 when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, 15 broader social changes brought about by 16 and urbanization, have undermined the tradition. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese 17 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did—a figure that is still high by U.S. standards, but which has been 18 . In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are eroding: 19 who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent 20 .

填空题Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONCE ONLY. Now let's begin Part A with Spot Dictation.Now, the location of your college. Some colleges are in the center of huge cities, some {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}, and some are surrounded by fields and woods. Where your college is located will be important to your {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}life. The advantage of an urban college is that there are {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}to do off campus. Compared to a {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}there are more movies, plays, churches, restaurants, discos, museums, and music. There is probably {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}; you are nearer airports, trains, and several highways, making {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}to other places much easier. All of this means that off-campus excitement is easy to reach and {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}a lot of planning. This can be an important part of a college education and of your growth, but this easily {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}entertainment can also tempt you away from your books. The disadvantages of an urban college can be expense and a lack of {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Off-campus living in a city is almost always {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Even if you live at school you will still {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}off campus often—probably more than you would at a rural campus. Many of those wonderful {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}cost money and are hard to pass up. If you are moving to the city from the country, {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}unexpected expenses. An advantage of a rural college is the relaxed and often {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Rural colleges may have a much more peaceful and {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}, and campus activities will probably be more important in your extracurricular life. This doesn't mean that {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}off campus in small towns. Things do, but they are more likely to be connected with schools. Rural colleges are often {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}for outdoor activities, mountains, lakes, and beaches. If you have any interest in {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}this is a good place to learn more. The disadvantages of the rural college can be isolation, boredom, and the {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}to a more relaxed life if you come from a big city. Life at a small rural college can {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}.

填空题Today, we'll be discussing EQ: emotional intelligence quotient. Your emotional intelligence quotient seems to indicate how well you (1) your own emotions, and bow well you (2) to others. EQ is not exactly a new idea, but the (3) itself is a new one. People have realized the way you control your feelings is just as important as your (4) — maybe even more important. The focus of today's session is: can you learn EQ? Some (5) school teachers think that some kids have (6) EQ's than others. Even at five or six years old, some of the kids tend to be much more (7) and (8) than others. Another example is that kids deal with (9) in different ways. One may get frustrated with a (10) problem, but another child, with a higher EQ, might be able to handle the situation better. She might try (11) ways to approach the problem, or ask for (12) . Can you (13) to have a higher EQ? People seem to have different views on this question. Most of the people believe that the answer to this question is (14) . For example, kids can be (15) to have patience and not to give up when things go wrong. They learn to respond well to their (16) But others don't agree. They find that some people never learn to (17) their EQ. The problem is that people with a low EQ have a (18) time seeing how their behavior affects other people. They see no reason to (19) They'll probably never adjust their (20) .

填空题In America there are no nobles or men of letters, and the common folk mistrust the wealthy; consequently, (1) form the highest political class and the most cultivated circle of society. They have therefore (2) by innovation, which adds a conservative interest to their natural taste for (3) . If I were asked where I place the American aristocracy, I should reply (4) that it is not composed of the rich, who are united together by (5) , but that it occupies the judicial bench and the bar. When I started researching this topic, I found an interesting (6) "Legal Reform Now". As the name suggests, this website is devoted to (7) and it is definitely concerned about the dominance of lawyers in (8) . There I read an article by a (9) from the university of Wisconsin. One observation the UW article (10) is that the legal profession is the dominant profession of the people (11) to public office. For example, about half our representatives and (12) of our senators are lawyers. No other profession (13) having the same the number of people in political office. Effectively, lawyers form our nation's (14) organized political constituency in America. Lawyers (15) and lawyers interpret our laws. When judges are appointed, the American bar association is the only (16) that is consulted to rate the fitness of potential judicial appointees. Our nation has been in existence for (17) and lawyers have been this nation's aristocracy since its (18) . Our system works, but do we really want to have a single profession (19) our nation? Specifically, do we want to have the legal profession in charge? (20) , that's something to think about.

填空题"The amount of sleep you get impacts 1 , your risk for accidents, how you perform 2 ," said James Walsh, president of the National Sleep Foundation, a non-profit that advocates for 3 . "There"s much more to 4 than how long you live." The study used data from an extensive survey conducted by the American Cancer Society 5 . Women sleeping 6 had 13 percent, 23 percent and 7 dying, respectively, than those who slept 7 hours, 8 . Men sleeping 8, 9 and 10 hours a night had 12 percent, 9 and 34 percent greater risk of dying 10 . By contrast, sleeping 11 a night increased the risk for women by only 5 percent, and for men, by 11 percent. Among people who slept just three hours 12 , women had a 13 increase in death, and men had a 19 percent increase, compared with those who slept 7 hours. The study also found that taking 14 every day increased the risk of death by 25 percent. Kripke, whose study 15 federal tax dollars, recommended that people should not 16 take pills to get eight hours of sleep. Donald Bliwise, a 17 at Emory University, in Atlanta, said studies had shown that when 18 to sleep however long they wanted, without cues from alarm clocks and watches, 19 14 to 15 hours a day for the first few days. "Everyone," Bliwise said, "walks around 20 sleep deprived."

填空题Tonight, I am pleased to announce that the Prime Minister has agreed to host the next Entrepreneurship Summit next year in Turkey. And so I thank the Prime Minister and the people and 1 of Turkey for helping to sustain the momentum that we 2 this week. So as I said, there are those who questioned whether we could 3 . And given the magnitude of the challenges we face in the world, and let"s face it, 4 that comes through the television each and every day, sometimes it 5 to believe that the goodwill and good works of ordinary people are simply insufficient 6 . But to any who still doubt whether partnerships between people 7 , I say "Look at the men and women who are here today." Look at the professor who 8 , microfinance, that empowered the rural poor across his country, especially 9 . Look what happened when Muhammad shared his idea with 10 , who has since lifted hundreds of thousands of families and children 11 through a foundation whose name literally means "miracle". Look what happened when that idea 12 , including to people like my own mother, who worked with 13 from Pakistan to Indonesia. That simple idea, which began with a single person, has now transformed the lives of millions. That"s 14 . So, the new beginning we seek is not only possible, it has already begun. It 15 , and millions around the world who believe that the future belongs not to those who 16 , but to those who come together; not to those who would destroy, but those who would build; not those 17 , but those who believe with confidence and conviction in a future of justice and progress and 18 regardless of their race, regardless of their religion. That"s 19 that we"re hoping to unlock during this conference and hoping to continue not only this week but 20 .

填空题My topic for today"s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different 1 . National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way 2 . But there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, 3 can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another"s styles of behaving 4 that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also 5 . So can age, the customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may 6 from those of her parents who were raised in the 7 or her grandparents who lived through 8 and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, 9 religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a 10 of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as 11 giving them a sense of commonality. It"s important to realize that culture is learned, 12 . A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will 13 differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who 14 in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised 15 or in a country like France where 16 has different significance than it does in the United States. The 17 we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we 18 and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an 19 on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, " 20 communication and communication is culture. "

填空题The doctor-patient relationship is one of the (1) relationships in life, but many people say this relationship is beyond (2) . Can this relationship be saved? The answer is (3) yes, because it must. And if that is lost, medicine becomes a technology and is (4) . In part the crisis in medicine began with doctors (5) themselves from patients. The more critical work of a doctor happens in the taking of the human (6) . (7) is the most important and most difficult single transaction. The studies show that (8) of all the valuable information that leads to correct diagnosis comes from the history. Another (9) comes from the physical examination, 10% comes from simple (10) tests, and 5% comes from all the complex (11) . So listening is vital, because listening is not merely listening, but to establish a (12) . But some doctors think listening is (13) . They like to use complex and costly (14) , and use (15) that create adverse reactions and require (16) . They don't like to listen. Because there's no premium on listening and that there's no (17) for listening. Even so, the doctor-patient relationship is not (18) saving. Because people may ask, what is good health? And good health begins first and foremost with (19) . If you don't care for a (20) , be somebody else, but don't be a doctor!

填空题 The history of the park can be traced back to the {{U}}(1) {{/U}} century. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries people wouldn't really have understood what a park was. The idea of a park simply didn't exist. People at that time knew about {{U}}(2) {{/U}} because most of the population was involved in it. But {{U}}(3) {{/U}} was seen as something dangerous. People wanted {{U}}(4) {{/U}} and {{U}}(5) {{/U}} landscapes that showed how the wilderness of nature could be made safe and beautiful. This was how parks began. Only rich people had parks, and socially, parkland quickly became significant as a status symbol, first appearing near large country houses like because it was where the big {{U}}(6) {{/U}} lived. Also very {{U}}(7) {{/U}} socially was tree-planting because trees involve long-term {{U}}(8) {{/U}}. They express a {{U}}(9) {{/U}} in the future, and so they were carefully planted in {{U}}(10) {{/U}} positions. In the eighteenth century, the park became even more important as a {{U}}(11) {{/U}} for a large house. The immediate {{U}}(12) {{/U}} of the house were grassland, not fields of {{U}}(13) {{/U}}. This was because if the park was to clearly distinguish its owner as a wealthy person, it needed to be beautiful but not very {{U}}(14) {{/U}}. Rich people often involved themselves in something more like a {{U}}(15) {{/U}}, for example, breeding animals. In the nineteenth century, {{U}}(16) {{/U}} parks appeared, taking up some of the ideas of rural park design, and those coming from {{U}}(17) {{/U}} traditions. Parks gradually came to be used for the {{U}}(18) {{/U}} of growing urban populations. This was quite a different purpose from that of the {{U}}(19) {{/U}} park, which could be seen as representing a kind of {{U}}(20) {{/U}} around the rich who were increasingly wanting to distance themselves from local farming communities, as well as from the growing urban areas.

填空题How is urbanization negatively affecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. Urbanism 1 , political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas 2 . In the United States, the breaking of 3 is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The 4 and children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more. There is 5 , and declining social family significance as America has transferred industrial, educational and recreational activities to 6 outside the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, 7 . The variations of people give rise to 8 by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage, as well as economic and social status. Segregation often 9 between social groups. This can cause 10 to individuals or society. People will choose their 11 according to many different ideals and needs, for example, what fits their budget. The government 12 for development attempting to meet rapidly increasing demands for education, housing, agriculture and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government budget is 13 mainly due to differentiation in areas. Areas with higher income will obviously have 14 to work with. Urban areas are usually lacking 15 . Therefore they are not able to repair all the problems in these areas, such as 16 . Due to the overpopulation, the rising divorce rate and the lack of employment opportunity, 17 will continue to increase in urban areas. These children grow up in poverty and usually look at crime as 18 . The problems in urban areas are far more serious than can be handled 19 . We can only hope to contain them, and attempt to make sure that no more problems 20 .