单选题 {{B}}Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.{{/B}}

填空题 Technically, any substance other than food that alters ourbodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistaken 62. _____.believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine oran illegal chemical taken with drug addicts. They don't realize 63. _____.that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are alsonot drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now 64. _____.used by many physician and psychologists. The phrase "sub- 65. _____.stance abuse" is often used instead of "drug abusive" to 66. _____.make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can bejust as harmfully used as heroin and cocaine. We live in a so- 67. _____.ciety which the medicinal and social use of substances is per- 68. _____.vasive: an aspirin to quite a headache, some wine to be socia- 69. _____.ble, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for thenervous. When do these socially acceptable and apparently 70. _____.constructive use of a substance become misuses? First of all,most substances taken in excess will produce positive effects 71. _____.such as poisoning or intense perpetual distortions. Repeateduse of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or sub-stance dependence.

The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or "provider" and purchaser or "consumer" in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however, does not prevail in most of the health-care industry. In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician—and even then there may be no real choice—it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return "next Wednesday", whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious. This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor's judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer." As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power center" in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration. Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants—the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer(generally an insurance carrier or government)—the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, the economy directed at patients or the general is relatively ineffective.

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单选题Los Angeles--" Can you believe how cold it is.'?" giggled Pink at the E!/Environmental Media Association's post-Golden Globes fete (庆祝) on Monday night in Beverly Hills. "That's a good segue(延续), because we're here at this party to talk about the environment. I shouldn't be freezing, and if we have more parties like this, maybe I won't be." Pink was shivering in a short-sleeved golden micromini dress, but most female partygoers were more bundled up (穿暖) against the elements. Despite heat lamps that drew crowds, the party, which was held in a tent on the top of a parking lot next to the Beverly Hilton ( where the Golden Globes show had played out earlier), was so chilly you could actually see your breath. In fact, the temperature was in the thirties by the time KT Tunstall took the stage and rocked out with a set including her hit songs Suddenly I See and Black Horse and the Cherry Tree, helping get people's blood flowing as they danced--still wearing coats, however! The biggest winner to swoop through the ecologically decorated space was Sacha Baron Cohen, clutching his Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture --Musical or Comedy in one hand and his long-time girlfriend Isla Fisher (The Wedding Crasher) in the other. She looked ravishing (引人入胜的) in a vintage (古老的) navy blue Herve Leger strapless gown, but definitely seemed to be freezing, and they didn't stay long. So many parties (there were eight in all, all within walking distance of the ballroom where the awards were given out) for a winner to hit, and most were actually inside, warm and out of the elements. But despite the weather, the E!/EMA party drew a host of ecologically minded celebs (名流). Julia Louis-Dreyfus also wore a short gold cocktail dress, and used her very tall hubby Brad Hall to keep her warm; we hear she packed her little clutch with L'Oreal Paris' new HIP High Intensity Pigments lip glosses earlier in the evening, as the company handed out swag in their Ladies Lounge inside the Golden Globes. Militant greenie Daryl Hannah was one of the first celebs to stop in; she was very bundled up, as were Milla Jovovich and Amy Smart. Ivanka Trump and her brother Donald Junior made the scene, as did Alyssa Milano, Kerry Washington, Amber Valletta, Molly Sims, James Franco, Michelle Trachtenberg, Vanessa Minnillo ( no sign of Nick Lachey, however), and Bahar Soomekh. And the main topic of conversation among the huddled groups, shivering together in the record-breaking cold, global warming, A1 Gore, and "An Inconvenient Truth" , of course.

单选题. Many current discussions of immigration issues talk about immigrants in general, as if they were abstract people in an abstract world. But the concrete differences between immigrants from different countries affect whether their coming here is good or bad for the American people. The very thought of formulating immigration laws from the standpoint of what is best for the American people seems to have been forgotten by many who focus on how to solve the problems of illegal immigration. It is hard to look for "the ideal outcome" on immigration in the abstract. Economics professor Milton Friedman once said, "The best is the enemy of the good," which to me meant that attempts to achieve an unattainable ideal can prevent us from reaching good outcomes that are possible in practice. Too much of our current immigration controversy is conducted in terms of abstract ideals, such as "We are a nation of immigrants." Of course we are a nation of immigrants. But we are also a nation of people who wear shoes. Does it follow that we should admit anybody who wears shoes? The immigrants of today are very different from those who arrived here a hundred years ago. Moreover, the society in which they arrive is different. To me, it is better to build a wall around the welfare state than the country. But the welfare state is already here—and, far from having a wall built around it, the welfare state is expanding in all directions. We do not have a choice between the welfare state and open borders. Anything we try to do as regards immigration laws has to be done in the context of a huge welfare state that is already a major, inescapable fact of life. Among other facts of life utterly ignored by many advocates of de facto amnesty(事实上得大赦) is that the free international movement of people is different from free international trade in goods. Buying cars or cameras from other countries is not the same as admitting people from those countries or any other countries. Unlike inanimate objects, people have cultures and not all cultures are compatible with the culture in this country that has produced such benefits for the American people for so long. Not only the United States, but the Western world in general, has been discovering the hard way that admitting people with incompatible cultures is an irreversible decision with incalculable consequences. If we do not see that after recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and Lon-don, when will we see it? "Comprehensive immigration reform" means doing everything all together in a rush, without time to look before we leap, and basing ourselves on abstract notions about abstract people.1. What does the author say about immigrants in America?

听力题M: Uh, could I borrow a few dollars until payday

单选题 Long Conversation Two Questions 22-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

单选题Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the conversation you have just heard.