单选题Many of Chile's tourists used to come from EXCEPT

单选题______ means the lack of a logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds. A. Abstractness B. Arbitrariness C. Duality D. Displacement

单选题 {{B}}TEXT A{{/B}} Until Josquin des Prez, 1440-1521, Western music was liturgical, designed as an accompaniment to worship. Like the intricately carved gargoyles perched atop medieval cathedrals beyond sight of any human, music was composed to please God before anybody else; its dominant theme was reverence. Emotion was there, but it was the grief of Mary standing at the foot of the Cross, the joy of the faithful hailing Christ's resurrection. Even the secular music of the Middle Ages was tied to predetermined patterns that sometimes seemed to stand in the way of individual expression. While keeping one foot firmly planted in the divine world, Josquin stepped with the other into the human. He scored magnificent masses, but also newly expressive motets such as the lament of David over his son Absalom or the "Deploration d'Ockeghem," a dirge on the death of Ockeghem, the greatest master before Josquin, a motet written all in black notes, and one of the most profoundly moving scores of the Renaissance. Josquin was the first composer to set psalms to music. But alongside Benedicite omnia opera Domini Domino ("Bless the Lord, all ye works of the Lord") he put El Grillo ("The cricket is a good singer who manages long poems") and Allegez moy ("Solace me, sweet pleasant brunette"). Josquin was praised by Martin Luther, for his music blends respect for tradition with a rebel’s willingness to risk the horizon. What Galileo was to science, Josquin was to music. While preserving their allegiance to God, both asserted a new importance for man. Why then should Josquin languish in relative obscurity? The answer has to do with the separation of concept from performance in music. In fine art, concept and performance are one both the art lover and the art historian have thousands of years of paintings, drawings and sculptures to study and enjoy. Similarly with literature: Poetry, fiction, drama, and criticism survive on the printed page or in manuscript for judgment and admiration by succeeding generations. But musical notation on a page is not art, no matter how lofty or excellent the composer% conception it is, crudely put, a set of directions for producing art. Being highly symbolic, musical notation requires training before it can even be read, let alone performed. Moreover, because the musical conventions of other days are not ours, translation of a Renaissance score into modem notation brings difficulties of its own. For example, the Renaissance notation of Josquin's day did not designate the tempo at which the music should be played or sung. It did not indicate all flats or sharps; these were sounded ill accordance with musicianly rules, which were capable of transforming major to minor, minor to major, diatonic to chromatic sound, and thus affect melody, harmony, and musical expression, a Renaissance composition might include several parts--but it did not indicate which were to be sung, which to be played, nor even whether instruments were to be used at all. Thus, Renaissance notation permits of several interpretations and an imaginative musician may give an interpretation that is a revelation. But no matter how imaginative, few modern musicians can offer any interpretation of Renaissance music. The public for it is small, limiting the number of musicians who can afford to learn, rehearse, and perform it. Most of those who attempt it at all are students organized in colegia musica whose memberships have a distressing habit of changing every semester, thus preventing directors from maintaining the year-in, year-out continuity required to achieve excellence of performance. Finally, the instruments used in Renaissance times--drummhorns, recorders, rauschpfeifen, shawms, sackbuts, organetto-must be specially procured.

单选题The text suggests that______

填空题For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation or the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid 1 criteria and to make the words "good" or "bad" irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards 2 first acquired through experience and knowledge and late imposed on 3 the subject under discussion. This has been a popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, 4 it flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts 5 the confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our forefathers did not mean, it says, in effect, "Who are you to tell us what is good or bad?" This is same cry used so long and so 6 effectively by the producers of mass media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear and to see, and that for a critic 7 to say that this program is bad and that program is good is pure a 8 reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed thisphilosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent president of 9 CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal CommunicationsCommission, this phrase escaped from him under questioning: "One man"s mediocrity 10 is another man"s good program".

单选题______ refers to the phenomenon that words of different meanings have the same form.

单选题Quebec province in Canada has a strong ______ culture.A. BritishB. GermanC. FrenchD. Italian

填空题Controlling Your Concentration Ⅰ．The concerned information of concentration A．Your attention span (1) e.g. the ticking of a watch sounds as if it increases and fades although the intensity of it is constant B．You pay attention to one thing at a time —a(n) (2) : you attend to several concepts at a time —In high concentration: the shift from focus of attention is a) of short (3) b) relatively infrequent C． (4) of your attention vary to different degrees —high level: long periods of attending; short distraction periods —low level: short periods of attending; long distraction periods —moderate level: a mixture of two extremes e.g. One can't concentrate because (5) are too strong Ⅱ．Two sorts of distractors A．Psychological distractors — (6) are the most powerful distractors a) angry man forgets the pain b) fearful man is hard to be happy c) anxious man is uneasy about the smallest of matters —people act (7) under pressure B．Physical distractors —traits: always present and rarely understood —physical distractors on mental tasks a) background music could affect comprehension and (8) b) distractors affect the ability to recall accurately c) noise affects mental task adversely Ⅲ．Routine and (9) are affected differently by distractors A．Distraction may not affects routine tasks in some backgrounds B．Exceptional people do well under (10) because —motivation plays importantly —differences exist in individual spans of attentionControlling Your Concentration Ⅰ．The concerned information of concentration A．Your attention span (1) e.g. the ticking of a watch sounds as if it increases and fades although the intensity of it is constant B．You pay attention to one thing at a time —a(n) (2) : you attend to several concepts at a time —In high concentration: the shift from focus of attention is a) of short (3) b) relatively infrequent C． (4) of your attention vary to different degrees —high level: long periods of attending; short distraction periods —low level: short periods of attending; long distraction periods —moderate level: a mixture of two extremes e.g. One can't concentrate because (5) are too strong Ⅱ．Two sorts of distractors A．Psychological distractors — (6) are the most powerful distractors a) angry man forgets the pain b) fearful man is hard to be happy c) anxious man is uneasy about the smallest of matters —people act (7) under pressure B．Physical distractors —traits: always present and rarely understood —physical distractors on mental tasks a) background music could affect comprehension and (8) b) distractors affect the ability to recall accurately c) noise affects mental task adversely Ⅲ．Routine and (9) are affected differently by distractors A．Distraction may not affects routine tasks in some backgrounds B．Exceptional people do well under (10) because —motivation plays importantly —differences exist in individual spans of attention

单选题______ is the most important work of Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of English poetry.

问答题diddle (1) infamously a.奸诈地欺骗 ______ (2) malignantly b.无耻地欺骗 ______ (3) repugnantly c.卑鄙地欺骗 ______ (4) slimily d.恶意地欺骗 ______ (5) sordidly e.令人厌恶地欺骗 ______