单选题 {{B}} Questions 14 to 16 are based on a news report about retirement. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14 to 16.{{/B}}

填空题is the one where the lack of stability in economy, society and politics blocked its economic development?

问答题There have been many technological developments in the 20th century, for example, computers and electric power. Choose either of them, describe the changes it has brought about and discuss whether all the changes are positive. You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

判断题You will hear a conversation. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 5 by writing T (for True) or F (for False). You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE.

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单选题Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following monologue about American Blacks. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 to 20.

单选题Travel is at its best a solitary enterprise: to see, to examine, to assess, you have to be alone and unencumbered. Other people can mislead you; they crowd your meandering impressions with their own; if they are companionable they obstruct your view, and if they are boring they corrupt the silence with non-sequiturs, shattering your concentration with "Oh, look, it''s raining" and " You see a lot of trees here". Travelling on your own can be terribly lonely ( and it is not understood by Japanese who, coming across you smiling wistfully at an acre of Mexican butter cups tend to say things like "Where is the rest of your team?" ) , I think of evening in the hotel room in the strange city. My diary has been brought up to date; I hanker for company; what do I do? I don''t know anyone here, so I go out and walk and discover the three streets of the town and rather envy the strolling couples and the people with children. The museums and churches are closed, and toward midnight the streets are empty. If I am mugged, I will have to apologize as politely as possible; "I am sorry, sir, but I have nothing valuable on my person. " Is there a surer way of enraging a thief and driving him to violence? It is hard to see clearly or to think straight in the company of other people. Not only do I feel self-conscious, but the perceptions that are necessary to writing are difficult to manage when someone close by is thinking out loud. I am diverted, but it is discovery, not diversion, that I seek. What is required is the lucidity of loneliness to capture that vision, which, however banal, seems in my private mood to be special and worthy of interest. There is something in feeling abject that quickens my mind and makes it intensely receptive to fugitive might also be verified and refined; and in any case I had the satisfaction of finishing the business alone. Travel is not a vacation, and it is often the opposite of a rest. "Have a nice time," people said to me at my send-off at South Station, Medford. It was not precisely what I had hoped for. I craved a little risk, some danger, an untoward event, a vivid discomfort, an experience of my own company, and in a modest way the romance of solitude. This I thought might be mine on that train to Limon.

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填空题 {{U}} (31) {{/U}}with the human eye, a cat's{{U}} (32) {{/U}}have more rods than cones,{{U}} (33) {{/U}}helps the cat see in the dark. Cats also have elliptical pupils that open and close faster and can become larger than our round{{U}} (34) {{/U}}. In addition, cats and some{{U}} (35) {{/U}}nocturnal animals have a mirror like membrane on the back of their eyes, which reflects the light passing through the rods back through them in the, opposite direction, This "double exposure" allows cats to{{U}} (36) {{/U}}well in near darkness. The human eye changes gradually{{U}} (37) {{/U}}age,{{U}} (38) {{/U}}the changes are critical. In darkness, eyes adapt{{U}} (39) {{/U}}widening the pupils to let in as much light as possible. {{U}}(40) {{/U}}you get older, these muscles weaken and do not respond as well{{U}} (41) {{/U}}the need to let in more light. The result is a small{{U}} (42) {{/U}}when you try to see in poor light. It's{{U}} (43) {{/U}}if your eyes were still young but you were wearing sunglasses at night. There is also evidence that as we age we lose more rods{{U}} (44) {{/U}}cones. In the young eye, rods{{U}} (45) {{/U}}cones by nine to one in the part of the retina called the macula. But an autopsy study of older adults found that while the cones{{U}} (46) {{/U}}intact, almost a third of the rods in the macula had been lost. The less responsive muscles in the iris also affect the eye's ability to adjust when the intensity of light changes,{{U}} (47) {{/U}}as when a car with its headlights on approaches and then passes. In older eyes, this phenomenon,{{U}} (48) {{/U}}dark adaptation, takes longer, which{{U}} (49) {{/U}}you see less well in the dark after being in the light, and vice versa. The diminished number of rods may be a factor, but in addition, the light-sensitive pigment in the rods regenerates more slowly in{{U}} (50) {{/U}}eyes.