摘要
恶性肿瘤已成为严重危害人类生命的重大疾病之一,早诊断和早治疗可以显著提高患者的生存率。基于荧光成像、CT、光声成像、MRI和PET等的影像学检查已被广泛应用于肿瘤诊断及其研究。然而,早期癌变组织与正常组织具有相似的影像学信号,而现有的影像学成像手段尚难以对其进行精准区分。随着物理学、材料学、生物学和医学的发展以及交叉联合,纳米材料独特的物理化学性质使其在疾病的诊断和治疗中显示出良好的应用前景。纳米材料在实体瘤中的增强渗透性、滞留效应以及易修饰,使其能够精准“识别”肿瘤,并且加速其在肿瘤部位的富集;纳米材料在影像学图像上的特性,使其能够作为造影剂以增强肿瘤部位的信号强度;响应性机制还可使纳米材料基于肿瘤细胞内的微环境,区分正常细胞与癌变细胞。除此之外,基于纳米材料的多模式生物成像可弥补单一模式成像的不足,实现肿瘤的实时和全方位成像。鉴于纳米材料显示出多功能的综合作用,纳米材料有望用于增强早期癌变部位的影像学信号,提高信噪比,从而实现肿瘤的早期诊断。
Malignant tumors have become one of the major diseases that seriously endanger human life.Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve the survival rate of patients.Imaging examinations based on fluorescence imaging,CT,photoacoustic imaging,MRI,and PET have been widely studied and applied in the diagnosis of tumors.However,early cancerous tissue and normal tissue have similar imaging signals,which is difficult to be accurately distinguished by conventional imaging.With the development and cross integration of physics,materials science,biology,and medicine,nanomaterials have shown broad application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases due to their unique physical and chemical properties.The enhanced permeability and retention effect in solid tumor,and the easy modification properties of nanomaterials allow them to accurately“recognize”tumor and accelerate its enrichment at the tumor site;the imaging characteristics allow them to be used as contrast agents to enhance the signal intensity of the tumor site;their responsiveness mechanism can also allow them to distinguish normal from cancerous cells according to the microenvironment in tumor cells.In addition,multimodality imaging based on nanomaterials can compensate for the shortcomings of single modality imaging and achieve real-time and omnidirectional imaging of tumors.With multiple functions integrated,nanomaterials are expected to enhance the imaging signals of early cancerous sites,improve signal-to-noise ratio,and achieve early diagnosis of tumors.
作者
张晓帅
付航玮
卢绮萍
ZHANG Xiaoshuai;FU Hangwei;LU Qiping(Basic Medical Laboratory,Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Central Theater Command,Wuhan 430074,Hubei Province,China)
出处
《肿瘤》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第6期478-489,共12页
Tumor
基金
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M71358)
关键词
纳米材料
恶性肿瘤
多模式生物成像
肿瘤靶向
造影剂
Nanomaterials
Malignant tumor
Multimodality imaging
Tumor targeting
Contrast agent
