摘要
《周易》古经的剥卦,一般都以阴剥阳来理解,未触及其更为复杂的观念,所以很少有人能解读出其真义。剥卦是以床等为喻来讲国家政权的兴衰。初爻是说,统治者如果肆意盘剥百姓,就会反过来危及自身;二爻是说,最高统治者也要顾及各级官员的利益,否则同样会危及自己;三爻是说,统治者需要经常反腐,不断清除朋党;四爻是说,最高统治者不顾及百姓和各级官员利益,就会祸及己身;五爻是告诫最高统治者,要像宠幸宫女那样对待百姓和各级官员;上爻是说,要想保有国家政权,就要任用君子,远离小人;卦辞是说,国家政权被颠覆,不利于君子有所作为。颐卦则是讲颐养之道。由于学者们对颐养的原则缺乏了解,且颐卦中有几个疑难语词,自古以来对颐卦的各种解读均未有根本性突破。卦辞讲颐养一要守正,二要自养;初爻讲养德、养智;二爻讲先要自养才能养他;三爻讲以下养上乃凶之道;四爻讲以上养下乃养他之正道;五爻讲虽居高位,但能力不足,应谨慎行动,不宜冒险;上爻讲颐养之大成,利于力挽狂澜、逢凶化吉。
The hexagram Bo[■,Peeling,23]in the ancient text of the Yijingis generally understood as yin peeling off yang,without touching more complex implications,hence few people can interpret its true meaning.Hexagram Bo is a metaphor using bed to describe the rise and fall of a country’s political power.The first line states that if rulers arbitrarily exploit the people,they will in turn endanger themselves.The second line means that the highest ruler should also consider the interests of officials at all levels,otherwise he himself will also be endangered.The third line means that rulers need to constantly fight against corruption and eliminate the allies.The forth line means that the supreme ruler has already suffered a disaster due to disregarding the interests of the people and officials at other levels.The fifth line is a warning to the supreme ruler to treat the people and officials as if they are fortunate palace maids.The sixth line means that in order to maintain state power,one must appoint man of noble character and stay away from man of vile character.The hexagram statement means that the subversion of the state power is detrimental to the actions of man of noble character.Hexagram Yi[■,Nourishment,27]discourses the way to nourish oneself.Due to a lack of understanding among scholars of the principles of self-nourishment and several difficult words in the hexagram,there has been no fundamental breakthrough in various interpretations of hexagram Yi since ancient times.The hexagram statement says that one should maintain integrity and take care of oneself.The first line emphasizes the cultivation of morality and intelligence.The second line indicates that one must first support oneself in order to support others.The third line manifets that the upward nourishing is the path of evil.The forth line shows that the downward nourishing is the right way to cultivate others.The fifth line exhibits that although the line holds high position,his/her ability are insufficient,and therefore should take action with caution and no risk.The sixth line states that the great success of self-cultivation is beneficial for reversing trends and turning misfortune into good fortune.
出处
《周易研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期38-43,共6页
Studies of Zhouyi
关键词
《周易》古经
剥卦
民本
颐卦
自养
养他
养德养智
以上养下
the ancient text of the Yijing
hexagram Bo
people-based
hexagram Yi
self-nourishment
nourish the others
cultivation of morality and intelligence
downward nourishment
