摘要
目的了解江门市新会区狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征,为狂犬病防制工作提供依据。方法采用描述性研究方法对狂犬病暴露病例的季节、性别、年龄、伤口部位、伤口数目、受伤程度、暴露分组、伤人动物情况、伤口处理、狂犬病疫苗及狂犬病人免疫球蛋白接种情况进行统计分析。结果2014—2016年江门市新会区共报告接诊狂犬病暴露人员28600人,年均暴露率为1246.07/10万,暴露高峰期为7—10月;男女性别比为1.3∶1;15~44岁组被咬伤人数最多,占39.88%;伤口以下肢最多,占51.13%;受伤程度浅表占80.90%;伤口分级以Ⅱ级为主,占64.77%;伤人动物中家犬占72.06%;狂犬病疫苗全程接种率为97.55%;6.28%的Ⅲ级暴露人员接种了狂犬病人免疫球蛋白。结论夏秋季是犬伤高发季节,需加强对猫和狗等动物的管理;在被动物致伤后应及时清洗伤口,并根据伤口分级使用狂犬病人免疫球蛋白及全程接种狂犬病疫苗,可有效预防狂犬病的发生。
[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of population exposed to rabies in Xinhui District of Jiangmen City,and provide scientific basis for rabies control and prevention.[Methods]The season,gender,age,wound site,wound number,injury degree,exposure group,hurtful animal,wound treatment,vaccination situation of rabies vaccine and human rabies immunoglobulin among population exposed to rabies were analyzed by descriptive research method.[Results]A total of 28600 cases exposed to rabies were reported in Xinhui district of Jiangmen city from 2014-2016,and the average annual exposure rate was 1246.07/100000.The peak of exposure was July to October.The ratio of male-to-female was 1.3∶1.15-44 years age group accounted for the largest number of being bitten by 39.88%.The wound site of lower limb was the most(51.13%),superficial injuries accounted for 78.68%,and 64.77%of wounds were gradeⅡ.Domestic dogs accounted for 72.06%of hurtful animals.The completed vaccination rate of rabies vaccine was 97.55%.Only 6.28%of patients with gradeⅢinjury were injected human rabies immunoglobulin.[Conclusion]Summer and autumn are the risk seasons for rabies exposure,the management of cats and dogs should be strengthened.If exposure happened,the wounds should be cleaned timely,and human rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccine should be used according to the class of wounds to effectively prevent the occurrence of rabies.
作者
杨文青
曾庆生
甄健斌
YANG Wen-qing;ZENG Qing-sheng;ZHEN Jian-bin(Xinhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangmen Guangdong,529100,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2018年第1期67-69,73,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
狂犬病
暴露人群
流行病学
Rabies
Exposure population
Epidemiology
