摘要
土壤盐碱化防治是新疆地区农业乃至社会经济发展的重要任务。在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘选取了两个耕地土壤剖面和一个丘间地原生土壤剖面进行调查,室内测量其土壤粒径、容重、含水率和含盐量,探讨了原生盐碱荒地及开垦农田水盐变化特征与规律,以便为该地区防治盐碱化提供必要的科学依据。调查分析结果表明:(1)土层物理性质的差异对土壤水盐分布特征有较为明显的影响,粘粒及粉粒较多的土层积盐现象更为明显;(2)土层的结构异质性对水分盐分有阻滞作用,导致土壤中存在盐分堆积层;(3)灌溉水导致土体淋溶强度增大,这虽能降低土体中的盐分却增加地下水矿化的风险。建议该地区土壤盐碱化防治应因土层异质性而设置相应的排水措施,灌排结合以达到土壤盐碱化防治乃至保护地下水的目的。
Salinized soil has always been a major problem in Xinjiang’s economic development and ecological construction.Soil samples were collected from two cultivated soil profiles and a wasteland soil profile in the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert,Xinjiang.The soil particle size,bulk density,water content,and salt content were measured indoors,and the characteristics and law of water and salt changes in native salinealkali wasteland and cultivated farmland were discussed in order to provide a necessary basis for the prevention and control of salinization in this area.The main conclusions are:1)the differences in physical properties of soil layers have a more obvious effect on the distribution characteristics of soil water and salt,and the phenomenon of salt accumulation in soil layers with more clay and silt is more distinct;2)the structural heterogeneity of soil layers has a blocking effect on water and salinity,leading to the existence of a salt accumulation layer in the soil;3)irrigation water causes an increase in the leaching strength of the soil,which can reduce the salt in the soil but increase the risk of groundwater mineralization.It is suggested that corresponding drainage measures should be set up for soil salinity control in this area due to the heterogeneity of the soil layer,and the combination of irrigation and drainage is used to achieve the purpose of soil salinization prevention and groundwater protection.
作者
王丹影
马延东
贾志峰
管子隆
郑飞敏
Wang Danying;Ma Yandong;Jia Zhifeng;Guan Zilong;Zhen Feimin(School of Water and Environment,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064;Reasearch Institute for Water and Developments,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2020年第20期44-50,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家教育部与外专局项目“111干旱半干旱地区水文生态及水安全学科创新引智基地”(B08039)
中国博士后科学基金项目“巴丹吉林沙漠沙山沙层水时空变化与水量平衡”(2018M633438)
关键词
次生盐碱化
土层结构
水盐分布
新疆
secondary salinization
soil layer structure
water and salt distribution
Xinjiang
