摘要
为探究阴山北麓地区干旱栗钙土长期施肥的施肥效应,基于内蒙古武川旱作试验站的长期定位试验(2004—2016),研究长期不同施肥处理对2016年马铃薯产量、养分吸收和水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯叶面积指数、干物质量和NPK养分吸收量,最大叶面积指数为2.19,植株干物质积累量最高为136.53 g/株,植株N、P、K养分最大吸收量分别为3.35、0.36、6.99 g/株。化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯总产量、商品薯产量和商品薯率,相比于对照,总产量分别提高110.57%和85.44%,商品薯产量分别提高295.11%和247.56%,商品薯率提高25个百分点。化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+O)或化肥平衡配施(NPK)可显著提高马铃薯水分利用效率,水分利用效率分别为42.98、38.27 kg/(hm2·mm),相比于对照分别提高104.72%和38.27%。化肥平衡配施(NPK)当季肥料利用率最高,N、P2O5、K2O利用率分别为25.44%、20.78%和61.13%。生产1 t马铃薯鲜薯吸收N 3.79~6.41 kg,平均5.29 kg;吸收P2O51.28~1.80 kg,平均1.61 kg;吸收K2O 5.44~11.70 kg,平均7.99 kg。该研究可为阴山北麓地区旱地马铃薯合理施肥提供科学依据。
To reveal the effects of long-term fertilization on the chestnut soil in the north Yinshan area,potato yield,nutrient absorption,water and fertilizer use efficiency were studied based on the long-term positioning experiment in the Wuchuan,Inner Mongolia.Results showed that LAI,biomass and fertilizer absorption could be significantly enhanced under the combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer(NPK+O)or balanced fertilization(NPK).The maximum LAI and biomass were 2.19 and 136.53 g/plant.The maximum amount of absorption of N,P and K was 3.35,0.36 and 6.99 g/plant,respectively.Combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer(NPK+O)and balanced fertilization(NPK)could also enhance the potato yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency.Potato yield could be increased by 110.57%and 85.44%compared with potato planted without fertilization of NPK+O and NPK.Under the condition of NPK+O and NPK,the commercial yield could be enhanced by 295.11%and 247.56%,the commercial rate was raised by 25 percentage point.Water use efficiency could be enhanced to 42.98、38.27 kg/(hm2·mm),107.42%and 38.27%higher than that of the control.The use efficiency of N,P2O5 and K2O was 25.44%,20.78%and 61.13%,respectively.Producing1 t potato needed to uptake 3.79-6.41 kg N,1.28-1.80 kg P2O5 and 5.44-11.70 kg K2O,and the average value was 5.29,1.61 and 7.99 kg,respectively.The study could provide a basis for optimizing the fertilization of rainfed potato in the north Yinshan area.
作者
张君
潘志华
段玉
赵沛义
王博
李焕春
连海飞
Zhang Jun;Pan Zhihua;Duan Yu;Zhao Peiyi;Wang Bo;Li Huanchun;Lian Haifei(Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology Sciences,IMAAAHS,Hohhot 010031;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming,Hohhot 010031;Wuchuan Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture,Hohhot 011705)4Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Inner Mongolia),Hohhot 011705;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2020年第4期36-43,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“长期轮作施肥下旱地栗钙土肥力演变及施肥肥效研究”(2015MS0379)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项“北方一熟区耕地培肥与合理轮作制”(201503120)
内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目“长期定位施肥对轮作作物产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响研究”(2016QNJJN05).
关键词
长期施肥
马铃薯
养分吸收
产量
水肥利用效率
long-term fertilization
potato
nutrient absorption
yield
water and fertilizer use efficiency
