摘要
锚泊操作是船舶的一项关键操作,抛锚时航速太快会损坏船舶的锚设备,严重时可能会导致发生搁浅、碰撞甚至人员伤亡等事故;抛锚航速太慢则会增加操纵船舶的难度,可能导致锚链与锚绞缠,因此,合理控制抛锚航速在锚泊操作中尤为重要。在船舶动能模型的基础上,建立锚链张力与抛锚航速的数学关系模型。充分考虑在锚触底至抓牢过程中做功所消耗的动能锚设备强度的相关要求,选取小型、中型、大型和超大型等4种不同实船船型,在不同出链长度情况下,分别计算当锚链受力不超过锚机刹车力和锚抓力时的抛锚航速极限值。将抛锚航速计算值与经验值进行比较并分析计算值的局限性,提出抛锚航速的建议。
A ship should move at an appropriate speed during anchoring.Too high ship speed may harm the anchoring equipment and,consequently,cause accidents.In contrast,with too low ship speed the anchor and the chain may foul.A mathematical model relating anchor chain tension and ship speed is established on the basis of the ship kinetic energy model.Four types of real ships,including small,medium,large and very large ones,are studied to find the kinetic energy consumed during the anchoring process,from anchor touching the seabed to brought up,and define the strength requirements for the anchor equipment.The ship speed limits are calculated according to windlass brake force and anchor holding force respectively.The calculated ship speeds are compared with the empirical values,and the applicability of the calculated values is discussed.The suitable speed during anchoring is recommended.
作者
吴卫兵
WU Weibing(Navigation College,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)
出处
《中国航海》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期38-43,共6页
Navigation of China
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“极地船舶操作船员培训教材及‘育鹏’轮极地水域操作手册编写”(017200109)
关键词
抛锚航速
动能定律
锚机刹车力
锚抓力
船体黏性阻力
风阻力
ship speed during anchoring
kinetic energy theorem
break force of windlass
anchor holding force
hull viscous resistance
wind resistance
